MRU PSI & EDGE SCIENCE LIBRARY
Library of Articles on Physics, Biology, Cognitive Science, Alternative Medicine,
Yoga / Transpersonal Psychology & Parapsychology
Emergent Mind
Psionics is the study and/or practice of using the mind to induce paranormal phenomena.
Examples of this include telepathy, telekinesis, and other workings of the outside world
through the psyche.
Psionics is the study and/or practice of using the mind to induce paranormal phenomena.
Examples of this include telepathy, telekinesis, and other workings of the outside world
through the psyche.
IONS PSI LIBRARY
http://noetic.org/research/psi-research/
http://www.emergentmind.org/archive.htm
Welcome to our Library! This section contains scientific and scholarly papers, classified according to subject area. The classification is, of course, somewhat arbitrary given the broader scope of our discussion, therefore we recommend that you browse all sections. The Table of Contents have links to individual articles. For full text of the article, click on the link displayed on the page.
Now Online:
A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research.
Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 64 No. 3 March 1976
by Harold Puthoff, Member, IEEE and Russell Targ, Senior Member, IEEE.
JOURNAL OF NONLOCALITY
http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality
The Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions
http://www.emergentmind.org/journal.htm
Editorial Board
Dr. Lian Sidorov
Executive Editor
www.emergentmind.org
Leane Roffey Line, Ph.D., C.A.
Associate Editor
Research Engineer and Applied Mathematician; Author and Scientific Translator; Practitioner: Applied acupuncture, Qi Gong, craniosacral & sphenomaxillary craniopathy; trigger point therapy; structural reintegration therapy, polarity therapy. Areas of interest: Charge and field effects in biological systems, biorheological aspects of living systems, complex adaptive systems, applications of artificial intelligence, semiotics of art. Applications of scripting languages to scientific and mathematical presentations using mark-up languages. Books & publications listed at www.bioelektronika.com. www.polymathix.com .
Iona Miller. CHT
Associate Editor
Dean of Faculty for The Institute for Consciousness Science & Technology
Board Member, Asklepia Foundation
Mark P. Line
Associate Editor
Polymathix.com
Alex Kaivarainen, PhD, DSc
Department of Applied Physics, University of Turku, Finland
www.karelia.ru/~alexk
Kevin Chen, PhD, MPH
UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School
Research Director, Qigong Institute
http://www.qigonginstitute.org/index.html
www.wishus.org
Matti Pitkanen, PhD
Department of Physical Sciences, High Energy Physics Division
University of Helsinki, Finlandhttp://www.physics.helsinki.fi/~matpitka
Harald Walach, PhD
PhD (Clinical Psychology), PhD (History and Theory of Science), Honorary lecturer in psychology at the University of Freiburg, Germany, Director of Research at the Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany, European Office of the Samueli Institute for Information Biology. Research areas: Evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine, especially non-local aspects; transpersonal psychology; understanding and experimental testing of generalized entanglement. See http://www.ukl.uni-freiburg.de/iumwkra/kmedizin/publiwalach.pdf for list of publications. Contact: Universitätsklinikum - University Hospital Freiburg Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene - Dept. Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Hugstetter Str. 55 D - 79106 Freiburg Germany
Stefan Schmidt, PhD
PhD in experimental psychology/parapsychology. Research fellow at the University Hospital of Freiburg, Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology. Research areas/areas of interest: parapsychology, psychophysiology, complementary and alternative medicine, models on nonlocality, placebo effect, meditation and consciousness research. E-mail: [email protected]
Doug Matzke, PhD
Thesis: "Quantum Computing using Geometric Algebra". Interests: the limits of computation, artificial intelligence, nonlocal aspects of consciousness, probabilistic geometry. For a partial list of papers, see http://www.matzkefamily.net/doug/
Binhui He - Qigong Master
World Institute for Self-Healing (WISH)
Chinese Society of Qigong Science
Director, Qigong Anti-Cancer Research Center
www.wishus.org
"Knowledge, Discipline, Vision"
NEW
Vol. IV, Nr. 1 April 2006
Special Issue
Genetic Regulatory Architectures,
Bioelectromagnetics and Conscious Intent
A survey of current experimental evidence and new genetic control paradigms
IntroductionEditorial/Advisory Board
Participants' List
Past and Current Issues:
January 2002: Vol.I Nr.1
June 2002: Vol.I Nr. 2
October 2002: Vol.I Nr. 3
February 2003: Vol II Nr 1
July 2003: Vol. II Nr.2
November 2003: Vol. II Nr. 3
March 2005: Vol. III Nr. 1 Special Issue: Experimental Reports
April 2006: Vol IV Nr. 1 Genetic Regulatory Architectures, Bioelectromagnetics and Conscious Intent
JNLRMI is a free online journal offering its readers a forum for the scientific investigation of our human potential. Based on current research in physics, parapsychology and complementary medicine, and drawing on the discipline of meditative arts such as qigong, the discussion will revolve around the nature of space-time, causality, and individual selves; focused intentionality as a tool for shaping personal and social reality; the cultivation of mental energy and "psi" abilities; and the creation of global resonance to ensure a peaceful, meaningful and humane future for our planet.
The function of JNLRMI is to:
1. create a network of physicists, biologists, physicians, healers and consciousness researchers to identify the frontiers of our theoretical understanding of nonlocal mental interactions
2. develop concrete proposals with respect to the possible mechanisms and dynamics of nonlocal communication
3. pool our experimental expertise and equipment in order to design and carry out innovative protocols based on these proposals
4. promote this area of research to the scientific mainstream
5. establish contacts with potential sponsors for future experimental studies
Journal issues are published three times a year and include the following sections:
1. Core papers and interviews
2. Letters
3. Paper reviews and/or other topical resources
4. Current research projects and experimental proposals
5. Grants, conferences and other announcements
Our Aim
As mankind winds down its survey of the globe and its cultures, there seem to be but two directions left to our restless sense of adventure: the exploration of outer space, with its implicit quest for other worlds and civilizations; and that of the Mind - or our inner dimensions. Both ought to be pursued in parallel - for while space offers us continuing challenges and inspiration, it is only through the mastery of qi, our mental and spiritual potential, that we will ensure a fulfilling future for our species.
What we propose, therefore, is that we look at this Mind - not with the neuroscientist's eye, not with the theologian's eye, but from the pragmatic point of view of, say, a martial arts student trying to cultivate his/her inner abilities. Joseph McMoneagle, one of the first and most prominent "explorers" of Remote Viewing, has eloquently argued that the discipline and mind frame required to make any significant progress along this path is very much like that required of a serious martial arts practitioner: in fact, he jokingly calls it "RV-do". The cultivation of an ego-free attitude, perseverance, objectivity, open-mindedness, an ability to accept failures no matter how great one's skill, and a healthy, playful curiosity that keeps one looking ever-forward - these are, recognizably, not only the marks of a good qigong student, but also those of a good scientist.
We will therefore adopt the metaphor of martial art for the exploration of what we believe is both a new science and a new ethics: as physics, parapsychology and complementary medicine converge upon the mind's hidden dimensions, let us re-think the discipline and aesthetics of our daily lives.
__________________________________________________________________________
The JNLRMI Programme(critical questions in psi research)
This is an evolving list of topics to be addressed in the coming issues. It is based on what we perceive to be the critical questions around which future research should be organized, and (we hope) it will allow our readers ample time to articulate their views on subjects such as:
I. Intentionality:
- known effects on physical and biological systems
- modulators and characteristics: distance, shielding, feedback, directionality, reversibility
- measurable correlates (see more in II)
- directionality and specificity: beyond the homeostatic paradigm; the role of imagery; experimental directions
- current observations: can we draw any conclusions about the substrate of intent?
- target "lock-in": is there an intuitive confirmation? What we know about subject-target resonance
- imprinting intent: the memory of water, phantom DNA, healing adjuncts and surrogates
- intent as a probability perturbation instrument
II. An experimental basis for psi
- pooling technologies in parapsychology and alternative medicine
- measurable correlates of psi function
- biological structures as signal processors (cell membrane liquid crystals; microtubules, DNA and other biopolymers; the hydrogen-bonding of water)
- what is the basis of brainwave synchronization and physiological changes ("super-ESP") in distant healing and DMILS?
- energy blueprints, bioinformation channels and "jump-starting" healing processes: the connection between physical/emotional trauma and "body memory"; DNA expression, morphogenesis and morphogenetic fields: where does the signal begin, and what is the connection to mental intent?
- bioemissions: the key to stadardizing psi effects? Can biophoton measurements be used as the experimental basis for psi variables? Transfer of bioinformation through biophoton transfer
- revisiting the ELF theory: the Earth as a cavity resonator, project Tesla, and the problem of non-attenuation; the Schumann frequency as "healing frequency" across cultural systems; thalamic silent phases, brain entrainment by environmental frequencies, and the question of global resonance (the Global Consciousness Project)
III. Time and causality paradoxes:
- retro-psychokinesis, or turning causality on its head
- precognition versus remote viewing "bleed-through": what does it tell us about the nature of time?
- the transactional interpretation and other "solutions" to the quantum puzzle
- Barbour, Deutch and the vision of a frozen masterpiece: if time is illusory, what is the meaning of action?
IV. Non-locality:
- does psi require a reinterpretation of space-time, a new fundamental force, or only further investigation of our cognitive hardware?
- psi energetic theories versus the problem of non-attenuation
- target specificity and the nature of correlations
- the spacetime/mass-energy equivalence: is consciousness next? PK interactions with fundamental forces and their implications
- the measurement problem in QM, parallel universes and intent: are we simply choosing our favorite scenario?
V. The healer mind:
- Is there a "psi protocol"? What mindset and techniques are conducive to the enhancement of psi function, which are the modulating variables, and what is the range of success we can expect in the average population?
- what is mental focus: relaxation versus concentration; how it may enhance psi function
- "syntactic rules" of guided visualization: are some techniques more effective than others? What is the ideal time profile (ie frequency, duration, local sidereal time) of application?
- lifestyle and the cultivation of psychic energy
- the future of medicine: when will mental techniques show up on prescription pads, and which are the first principles we should begin to discuss with our patients?
VI. The One-Mind model:
- is there supporting evidence? (Mark Germine's model; Sheldrake's morphogenetic fields; the Global Consciousness Project; Grof's and Jung's accounts of transpersonal/archetypal memory activation; Savva's biofield transfer)
- the question of reincarnation: what are the limits of the "self"? (that should keep us busy for a few thousand years!)
- creating collective reality (Seth)
- Teilhard's omega point
VII What are the social and ethical implications of this "new" potential?
- the new face of medicine
- forensic parapsychology
- an intuitive leap over the quantum abyss?
- shaping personal reality
VIII. Theoretical Approaches to the Psi Paradigm
- reviewing proposed models
- reassessing the "critical questions"
Now Online:
A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research.
Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 64 No. 3 March 1976
by Harold Puthoff, Member, IEEE and Russell Targ, Senior Member, IEEE.
JOURNAL OF NONLOCALITY
http://journals.sfu.ca/jnonlocality/index.php/jnonlocality
The Journal of Non-Locality and Remote Mental Interactions
http://www.emergentmind.org/journal.htm
Editorial Board
Dr. Lian Sidorov
Executive Editor
www.emergentmind.org
Leane Roffey Line, Ph.D., C.A.
Associate Editor
Research Engineer and Applied Mathematician; Author and Scientific Translator; Practitioner: Applied acupuncture, Qi Gong, craniosacral & sphenomaxillary craniopathy; trigger point therapy; structural reintegration therapy, polarity therapy. Areas of interest: Charge and field effects in biological systems, biorheological aspects of living systems, complex adaptive systems, applications of artificial intelligence, semiotics of art. Applications of scripting languages to scientific and mathematical presentations using mark-up languages. Books & publications listed at www.bioelektronika.com. www.polymathix.com .
Iona Miller. CHT
Associate Editor
Dean of Faculty for The Institute for Consciousness Science & Technology
Board Member, Asklepia Foundation
Mark P. Line
Associate Editor
Polymathix.com
Alex Kaivarainen, PhD, DSc
Department of Applied Physics, University of Turku, Finland
www.karelia.ru/~alexk
Kevin Chen, PhD, MPH
UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School
Research Director, Qigong Institute
http://www.qigonginstitute.org/index.html
www.wishus.org
Matti Pitkanen, PhD
Department of Physical Sciences, High Energy Physics Division
University of Helsinki, Finlandhttp://www.physics.helsinki.fi/~matpitka
Harald Walach, PhD
PhD (Clinical Psychology), PhD (History and Theory of Science), Honorary lecturer in psychology at the University of Freiburg, Germany, Director of Research at the Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany, European Office of the Samueli Institute for Information Biology. Research areas: Evaluation of complementary and alternative medicine, especially non-local aspects; transpersonal psychology; understanding and experimental testing of generalized entanglement. See http://www.ukl.uni-freiburg.de/iumwkra/kmedizin/publiwalach.pdf for list of publications. Contact: Universitätsklinikum - University Hospital Freiburg Institut für Umweltmedizin und Krankenhaushygiene - Dept. Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology Hugstetter Str. 55 D - 79106 Freiburg Germany
Stefan Schmidt, PhD
PhD in experimental psychology/parapsychology. Research fellow at the University Hospital of Freiburg, Institute of Environmental Medicine and Hospital Epidemiology. Research areas/areas of interest: parapsychology, psychophysiology, complementary and alternative medicine, models on nonlocality, placebo effect, meditation and consciousness research. E-mail: [email protected]
Doug Matzke, PhD
Thesis: "Quantum Computing using Geometric Algebra". Interests: the limits of computation, artificial intelligence, nonlocal aspects of consciousness, probabilistic geometry. For a partial list of papers, see http://www.matzkefamily.net/doug/
Binhui He - Qigong Master
World Institute for Self-Healing (WISH)
Chinese Society of Qigong Science
Director, Qigong Anti-Cancer Research Center
www.wishus.org
"Knowledge, Discipline, Vision"
NEW
Vol. IV, Nr. 1 April 2006
Special Issue
Genetic Regulatory Architectures,
Bioelectromagnetics and Conscious Intent
A survey of current experimental evidence and new genetic control paradigms
IntroductionEditorial/Advisory Board
Participants' List
Past and Current Issues:
January 2002: Vol.I Nr.1
June 2002: Vol.I Nr. 2
October 2002: Vol.I Nr. 3
February 2003: Vol II Nr 1
July 2003: Vol. II Nr.2
November 2003: Vol. II Nr. 3
March 2005: Vol. III Nr. 1 Special Issue: Experimental Reports
April 2006: Vol IV Nr. 1 Genetic Regulatory Architectures, Bioelectromagnetics and Conscious Intent
JNLRMI is a free online journal offering its readers a forum for the scientific investigation of our human potential. Based on current research in physics, parapsychology and complementary medicine, and drawing on the discipline of meditative arts such as qigong, the discussion will revolve around the nature of space-time, causality, and individual selves; focused intentionality as a tool for shaping personal and social reality; the cultivation of mental energy and "psi" abilities; and the creation of global resonance to ensure a peaceful, meaningful and humane future for our planet.
The function of JNLRMI is to:
1. create a network of physicists, biologists, physicians, healers and consciousness researchers to identify the frontiers of our theoretical understanding of nonlocal mental interactions
2. develop concrete proposals with respect to the possible mechanisms and dynamics of nonlocal communication
3. pool our experimental expertise and equipment in order to design and carry out innovative protocols based on these proposals
4. promote this area of research to the scientific mainstream
5. establish contacts with potential sponsors for future experimental studies
Journal issues are published three times a year and include the following sections:
1. Core papers and interviews
2. Letters
3. Paper reviews and/or other topical resources
4. Current research projects and experimental proposals
5. Grants, conferences and other announcements
Our Aim
As mankind winds down its survey of the globe and its cultures, there seem to be but two directions left to our restless sense of adventure: the exploration of outer space, with its implicit quest for other worlds and civilizations; and that of the Mind - or our inner dimensions. Both ought to be pursued in parallel - for while space offers us continuing challenges and inspiration, it is only through the mastery of qi, our mental and spiritual potential, that we will ensure a fulfilling future for our species.
What we propose, therefore, is that we look at this Mind - not with the neuroscientist's eye, not with the theologian's eye, but from the pragmatic point of view of, say, a martial arts student trying to cultivate his/her inner abilities. Joseph McMoneagle, one of the first and most prominent "explorers" of Remote Viewing, has eloquently argued that the discipline and mind frame required to make any significant progress along this path is very much like that required of a serious martial arts practitioner: in fact, he jokingly calls it "RV-do". The cultivation of an ego-free attitude, perseverance, objectivity, open-mindedness, an ability to accept failures no matter how great one's skill, and a healthy, playful curiosity that keeps one looking ever-forward - these are, recognizably, not only the marks of a good qigong student, but also those of a good scientist.
We will therefore adopt the metaphor of martial art for the exploration of what we believe is both a new science and a new ethics: as physics, parapsychology and complementary medicine converge upon the mind's hidden dimensions, let us re-think the discipline and aesthetics of our daily lives.
__________________________________________________________________________
The JNLRMI Programme(critical questions in psi research)
This is an evolving list of topics to be addressed in the coming issues. It is based on what we perceive to be the critical questions around which future research should be organized, and (we hope) it will allow our readers ample time to articulate their views on subjects such as:
I. Intentionality:
- known effects on physical and biological systems
- modulators and characteristics: distance, shielding, feedback, directionality, reversibility
- measurable correlates (see more in II)
- directionality and specificity: beyond the homeostatic paradigm; the role of imagery; experimental directions
- current observations: can we draw any conclusions about the substrate of intent?
- target "lock-in": is there an intuitive confirmation? What we know about subject-target resonance
- imprinting intent: the memory of water, phantom DNA, healing adjuncts and surrogates
- intent as a probability perturbation instrument
II. An experimental basis for psi
- pooling technologies in parapsychology and alternative medicine
- measurable correlates of psi function
- biological structures as signal processors (cell membrane liquid crystals; microtubules, DNA and other biopolymers; the hydrogen-bonding of water)
- what is the basis of brainwave synchronization and physiological changes ("super-ESP") in distant healing and DMILS?
- energy blueprints, bioinformation channels and "jump-starting" healing processes: the connection between physical/emotional trauma and "body memory"; DNA expression, morphogenesis and morphogenetic fields: where does the signal begin, and what is the connection to mental intent?
- bioemissions: the key to stadardizing psi effects? Can biophoton measurements be used as the experimental basis for psi variables? Transfer of bioinformation through biophoton transfer
- revisiting the ELF theory: the Earth as a cavity resonator, project Tesla, and the problem of non-attenuation; the Schumann frequency as "healing frequency" across cultural systems; thalamic silent phases, brain entrainment by environmental frequencies, and the question of global resonance (the Global Consciousness Project)
III. Time and causality paradoxes:
- retro-psychokinesis, or turning causality on its head
- precognition versus remote viewing "bleed-through": what does it tell us about the nature of time?
- the transactional interpretation and other "solutions" to the quantum puzzle
- Barbour, Deutch and the vision of a frozen masterpiece: if time is illusory, what is the meaning of action?
IV. Non-locality:
- does psi require a reinterpretation of space-time, a new fundamental force, or only further investigation of our cognitive hardware?
- psi energetic theories versus the problem of non-attenuation
- target specificity and the nature of correlations
- the spacetime/mass-energy equivalence: is consciousness next? PK interactions with fundamental forces and their implications
- the measurement problem in QM, parallel universes and intent: are we simply choosing our favorite scenario?
V. The healer mind:
- Is there a "psi protocol"? What mindset and techniques are conducive to the enhancement of psi function, which are the modulating variables, and what is the range of success we can expect in the average population?
- what is mental focus: relaxation versus concentration; how it may enhance psi function
- "syntactic rules" of guided visualization: are some techniques more effective than others? What is the ideal time profile (ie frequency, duration, local sidereal time) of application?
- lifestyle and the cultivation of psychic energy
- the future of medicine: when will mental techniques show up on prescription pads, and which are the first principles we should begin to discuss with our patients?
VI. The One-Mind model:
- is there supporting evidence? (Mark Germine's model; Sheldrake's morphogenetic fields; the Global Consciousness Project; Grof's and Jung's accounts of transpersonal/archetypal memory activation; Savva's biofield transfer)
- the question of reincarnation: what are the limits of the "self"? (that should keep us busy for a few thousand years!)
- creating collective reality (Seth)
- Teilhard's omega point
VII What are the social and ethical implications of this "new" potential?
- the new face of medicine
- forensic parapsychology
- an intuitive leap over the quantum abyss?
- shaping personal reality
VIII. Theoretical Approaches to the Psi Paradigm
- reviewing proposed models
- reassessing the "critical questions"
JNLRMI
Volume IV, Number 1 April 2006
Special Issue
Genetic Regulatory Architectures,
Bioelectromagnetics and Conscious Intent
A survey of current experimental evidence and new genetic control paradigms
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Biophysical Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation: Is There a Link to Mind-Body Healing?
Lian Sidorov and Kevin Chen
http://www.emergentmind.org/Sidorov06.htm
Abstract: Over the past several decades, pioneering biophysics work has shown that living tissues interact with electric and magnetic fields in unexpected and dramatic ways: from initial anecdotal accounts of enhanced healing under electromagnetic stimulation, research in this field has progressed to a sophisticated arsenal of investigative tools and theoretical models which include polarized light microscopy to study the liquid crystal properties of living cells and laser-excitation of DNA to induce hybridization through non-molecular information transfer. In almost all cases, the results point to a set of remarkable properties of living tissues, and in particular of genetic material: the emerging picture is that of biosystems as sources and domains of coherent electromagnetic fields, which account for practically instantaneous inter-cellular communication and a highly efficient mechanism of energy utilization, and which seem to reflect very closely the developmental and patho-physiological state of the organism. In addition, a wide spectrum of genetic mechanisms now appear to be under the influence of surrounding electromagnetic fields.
At the same time, an impressive number of studies in the areas of parapsychology and mind-body medicine converge to show that conscious intent can affect practically every single type of genetic program, as well as many physiological parameters [1]. These studies also show that such effects can be produced from great distances, and that occasionally they are accompanied by unusual energy signatures.
Is there a correlation between the effects of electromagnetic fields and those of mental intent on genetic regulation and living tissues? This paper will discuss the major experimental evidence and proposed mechanisms of these interactions, as well as the principal obstacles lying in the way of a viable, comprehensive theory. At the same time, we will attempt to formulate several preliminary hypotheses based on this evidence and to sketch some possible directions for future research in this field.
Keywords: genetic control architecture, EMFs, coherence, liquid crystals, interference grids, photon polarization, psycho-physiological remodeling, nonlocal communication, topological geometrodynamics
Crisis in Life Sciences. The Wave Genetics Response
P.P. Gariaev, M.J. Friedman, and E.A. Leonova- Gariaeva
http://www.emergentmind.org/gariaev06.htm
Abstract: To create an organism, two genetic programs are required. The first one is geometric, i.e. a scheme, how to design the body. The second program is in the form of a meaningful text which contains instructions and explanations how to use the first program, how to understand and build the organism. These programs exist in the form of “DNA video tapes”, which are used by the genetic apparatus, acting like a bio-computer. When the bio-computer reads these video tapes, sound and light images appear that constitute the movie program of the development of the organism. When the creation of a grown-up organism is completed, the movie ends. Then the second movie starts, which contains the instructions for maintenance of the organism for indefinitely long time. Unfortunately, the videotapes containing information about a perfectly healthy organism, get corrupted with time, errors accumulate (DNA mutations). The instructions accumulate errors and the organism gets sick, grows old and dies. It is very likely that these DNA video tapes can be renewed and corrected. With this new understanding of how our genetic apparatus works, completely new technologies for healing a person and extending a person’s life become feasible. And this is the essence of Wave genetics and its practical applications to come.
The Bioelectronic Basis for "Healing Energies: Charge and Field Effects as a Basis for Complementary Medical Techniques.
Leane E. Roffey
http://www.emergentmind.org/Roffey06.htm
Abstract: As of the time of this review over 150 studies of "healing energies" have been reported in which the energy parameters were specified and controlled. More than half demonstrate statistical significance, p < 0.05. Some researchers have measured electromagnetic (EM) signals emanating from the hands of healers which are within the same frequency range as human brain waves. There are some indications that a correlation exists between atmospheric oscillations, brain waves, and biological EM emissions. Understanding the nature of this correlation may enable us to characterize and further utilize various types of "healing energies". The paradigm for the application of these energies may develop into a basis for a variety of existing complementary medical practices. Integral portions of biological systems have been shown to be semiconducting, ferromagnetic and piezoelectric. The biosemiconductor, together with the drift of charges, ions, and radicals, may be considered as a form of "bioplasma". Bioplasma may be subject to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. The EM fields emitted by trained healers may be considered as coherent, resonant biomagnetic emissions by which a less coherent EM field of the patient is "tuned" to the specific frequency and phase, and through which homeostasis can be "aligned" to induce "healing".
Outline of Biological Magnetohydrodynamics
Włodzimierz Sedlak, Ph.D.
translated by Leane Roffey Line, Ph.D. and Jaroslaw Kempczynski, Ph.D.
http://www.emergentmind.org/Sedlak06.htm
Abstract: In this article, Sedlak discusses how a living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer of electromagnetic energy. Biological systems generate their own magnetic mediums through a process he calls "dia-par", or diamagnetic to paramagnetic transition. Sedlak proposes that the science of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can be used to model living bioplasma. He predicts that this model can account for such phenomena as spin- waves, anabolic to catabolic transitions, and redox processes. Such low-frequency biological rhythmic activity can probably be accounted for by MHD mathematics, the proof of which he leaves to future generations.
Metasubjective Cognition Beyond the Brain: Subjective Awareness and the Location of Concepts of Consciousness
Titus Rivas
http://www.emergentmind.org/Rivas06.htm
Abstract: Consciousness has irreducible qualitative and subjective aspects that cannot be represented in a physical, purely quantitative system. This implies that an exhaustive conceptual ‘metasubjective’ representation (i.e. a representation of the defining properties of conscious experiences) in the brain as an exclusively physical system is impossible. Similarly, individual memories of conscious experiences must contain information about qualitative and subjective aspects as well, since concepts of consciousness ultimately derive from such information abstracted from episodic memories. Therefore, the stored bases from which such individual memories of conscious experiences are reconstructed must also contain elements that cannot be represented in the brain.
Both metasubjective concepts and bases of our individual memories of subjective experiences can only be stored in a personal non-physical memory linked to consciousness. There must be a personal mind or psyche that embraces consciousness, metasubjective concepts and bases of episodical memories of one’s subjective experiences.
Russell Targ ARTICLES
A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer Over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research
Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 64 No. 3 March 1976
by Harold Puthoff, Member, IEEE and Russell Targ, Senior Member, IEEE.
Small Medium Large PDF (7MB File)
Limitless mind: a guide to remote viewing and transformation of consciousness By Russell Targ
http://books.google.com/books?id=2j-4LvJkOyMC&dq=russell+targ&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=N2KuTPvuKY_QsAP-h6X_Cw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=19&sqi=2&ved=0CGoQ6AEwEg#v=onepage&q&f=false
A confirmation of document release (Perception Augmentation Techniques, Stanford Research Institute, Final Report, 1973, 1974, 1975) from the CIA, 11 August, 1995
The Speed of Thought: Investigation of a Complex Space-Time Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena Elizabeth A. Rauscher and Russell Targ
What We Know About Remote Viewing (from Miracles of Mind by Russell Targ and Jane Katra)
Remote Viewing in a Group Setting, by Russell Targ and Jane Katra. (rev. 12/28/99)
The Scientific and Spiritual Implications of Psychic Abilities by Russell Targ and Jane Katra
ESP, TARGETS AND MISCELLANY
ESP Demonstrated
Area 51 Targets
Web Links
Subtle Energies and Energy Medicine Journal
http://www.issseem.org/journal.cfm
Unconventional Science Organizations & Journals
Parapsychology
- ARCHIVE OF SCIENTISTS' TRANCENDENT EXPERIENCES (T.A.S.T.E Project, C. Tart)
- E-journal of Parapsychology
- Journal of Parapsychology
- European Journal of Parapsychology
- The Society For Psychical Research
- The Journal of Conciousness Studies
- IFS, Inst. for Frontier Sciences (Dr. B. Rubik)
- The Parapsychology Assoc.
- ELECTRIC SPACECRAFT JOURNAL
- Infinite Energy Magazine
- Organizations List at the INE
- Order of the Tortoise ( Cold Fusion, etc. )
- Integrity Research Institute
- Soc. for Interdisciplinary Studies (catastrophism)
- Antigravity News
- The Anti-Physical Review
- The FTL League
- ISSSEEM, Society for Study of Subtle Energy
- Metaresearch, anomalous astronomy
- Gravity Society
- Institute for New Energy
- Natural Philosophy Assn., openminded and dissident science.
- Galilean Electrodynamics Homepage
- Planetary Association for Clean Energy, Inc.
- SPEKTR (Russian)
- SPACE ENERGY NEWS
- Journal of Scientific Exploration
- Journal of Theoretics
- ASSC, Assn. for the Scientific Study of Consciousness
- Consciousness Studies at U. Ariz.
- The Sourcebook Project (cataloging anomalies)(EXCELLENT!)
- BSRF, Borderlands Sciences Research Foundation
- Journal of Consciousness and Physics
- Society for the Advancement of Autodynamics
- THE ANOMALIST
- ASSAP Assoc. for Sci. Study of Anom. Phenomena
- PORE (Public Orgonomic Research Exchange)
- Institute for Noetic Sciences
- International Fortean Organization and INFO journal
- Earthpulse publishing
- Assn. for Sci. Study of Anomalous Phenomena
Mind Control Archive
http://wanttoknow.info/mind_control/cia_mind_control_documents_orig/
Mind Control Archive Documents
Index To Entire FOIA Archive of CIA Mind Control Documents
Below is an archive with links to all CIA mind control documents sent in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the CIA. There are 1,778 documents with about 20,000 pages available in the folders of the declassified CIA documents below. Instructions are also available here to order for yourself any of these documents individually or as a whole set (in the form of three CDs) directly from the CIA. For key revealing excerpts from these documents, click here. Remember that with inflation the value of the dollar amounts mentioned in these documents, all from the 1950s and 1960s, have increased by about eight to ten times.
Samples -
Name Last modified DOC_0000017352 14-Apr-2009 15:20 - DOC_0000017353 14-Apr-2009 15:21 - DOC_0000017354 14-Apr-2009 15:22 - DOC_0000017355 14-Apr-2009 15:25 - DOC_0000017356 14-Apr-2009 15:26 - DOC_0000017357 14-Apr-2009 15:27 - DOC_0000017358 14-Apr-2009 15:28 - DOC_0000017359 14-Apr-2009 15:29 - DOC_0000017360 14-Apr-2009 15:29 - DOC_0000017361 14-Apr-2009 15:31 - DOC_0000017362 14-Apr-2009 15:32 - DOC_0000017363 14-Apr-2009 15:32 - DOC_0000017364 14-Apr-2009 15:33 - DOC_0000017365 14-Apr-2009 15:35 - DOC_0000017366 14-Apr-2009 15:36 - DOC_0000017367 14-Apr-2009 15:37 - DOC_0000017368 14-Apr-2009 15:40 - DOC_0000017369 14-Apr-2009 15:41 - DOC_0000017370 14-Apr-2009 15:41 - DOC_0000017371 14-Apr-2009 15:44 - DOC_0000017372 14-Apr-2009 15:45 - DOC_0000017373 14-Apr-2009 15:50 - DOC_0000017374 14-Apr-2009 15:51 - DOC_0000017375 14-Apr-2009 15:52 - DOC_0000017376 14-Apr-2009 15:54 - DOC_0000017377 14-Apr-2009 15:59 - DOC_0000017378 14-Apr-2009 16:00 - DOC_0000017379 14-Apr-2009 16:19 -
Mind Control Archive Documents
Index To Entire FOIA Archive of CIA Mind Control Documents
Below is an archive with links to all CIA mind control documents sent in response to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request to the CIA. There are 1,778 documents with about 20,000 pages available in the folders of the declassified CIA documents below. Instructions are also available here to order for yourself any of these documents individually or as a whole set (in the form of three CDs) directly from the CIA. For key revealing excerpts from these documents, click here. Remember that with inflation the value of the dollar amounts mentioned in these documents, all from the 1950s and 1960s, have increased by about eight to ten times.
Samples -
Name Last modified DOC_0000017352 14-Apr-2009 15:20 - DOC_0000017353 14-Apr-2009 15:21 - DOC_0000017354 14-Apr-2009 15:22 - DOC_0000017355 14-Apr-2009 15:25 - DOC_0000017356 14-Apr-2009 15:26 - DOC_0000017357 14-Apr-2009 15:27 - DOC_0000017358 14-Apr-2009 15:28 - DOC_0000017359 14-Apr-2009 15:29 - DOC_0000017360 14-Apr-2009 15:29 - DOC_0000017361 14-Apr-2009 15:31 - DOC_0000017362 14-Apr-2009 15:32 - DOC_0000017363 14-Apr-2009 15:32 - DOC_0000017364 14-Apr-2009 15:33 - DOC_0000017365 14-Apr-2009 15:35 - DOC_0000017366 14-Apr-2009 15:36 - DOC_0000017367 14-Apr-2009 15:37 - DOC_0000017368 14-Apr-2009 15:40 - DOC_0000017369 14-Apr-2009 15:41 - DOC_0000017370 14-Apr-2009 15:41 - DOC_0000017371 14-Apr-2009 15:44 - DOC_0000017372 14-Apr-2009 15:45 - DOC_0000017373 14-Apr-2009 15:50 - DOC_0000017374 14-Apr-2009 15:51 - DOC_0000017375 14-Apr-2009 15:52 - DOC_0000017376 14-Apr-2009 15:54 - DOC_0000017377 14-Apr-2009 15:59 - DOC_0000017378 14-Apr-2009 16:00 - DOC_0000017379 14-Apr-2009 16:19 -
DYNAMICAL PSYCHOLOGY http://www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/dynacon.html
Dynamical Psychology An International, Interdisciplinary Journal of Complex Mental Processes Information about Dynamical Psychology
Contents: 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2005-2006, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000-2001, 1999 ,1998 , 1997 ,1996, 1994-95 Note: The early contents of DynaPsyc (1994 through early 1997) were published in book form, by Hampton Press. The title is Mind in Time: the Dynamics of Thought, Reality and Consciousness, co-edited by Allan Combs, Ben Goertzel and Mark Germine.
2010
Morphic Pilot Theory: Toward an Extension of Quantum Physics that Better Explains Psi Phenomena Ben Goertzel
While the empirical data supporting the existence of psi phenomena is now quite strong, the search for a theoretical understanding of these phenomena has been much less successful. Here a class of extensions of quantum physics is proposed, which appear broadly consistent both with existing physics data and with the body of data regarding psi phenomena. The basic idea is to view "subquantum fluctuations" as biased randomness, where the bias embodies a tendency to convey physical impulse between parts of spacetime with similar pattern or form. In a Bohmian interpretation of quantum physics, this biasing would take the form of a "morphic pilot wave," with a bias to move in directions of greater "similarity of patternment" (or more colorfully, "morphic resonance"). In a Feynman interpretation, it would take the form of a biasing of the measure used within path integrals, so as to give paths in directions of greater morphic resonance a greater weight. Theories in this class could take many possible equational forms, and several such forms are displayed here to exemplify the approach.
A Model of Language Based on Self-Organization of Gestalts and Metaphors
David Rail
A Framework for Quantum Paradigms in Psychopathology Based on the One Mind Model of Quantum Reality
Mark Germine
The Evolution of Consciousness (LNNL-39241, 1996)
Henry P. Stapp
Neuroplasticity explained by broad-scale networks and modularity?
Graeme Martin and Celia Greenway
The Next Scientific Revolution: The Theory of Mind, Evolution, and Quantum Reality Based on Process Metaphysics
Mark Germine
On Dualistic Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: Arguments in Favor of Squire's One Mind Interpretation in the Setting of Mental Monism
Bradley Monton
An Exploration of Creativity Facilitated by Hypnosis: The Trail of Tears Trilogy
Mark Germine
Exploring the Hypothesis of "Energetic Attractions" in Romantic Compatibility
Frank Seifert & Larry Michel
2009
Kurt Lewin's Dynamical Psychology Revisited and Revised
Kullervo Rainio
On the Savant Syndrome and Prime Numbers
Makoto Yamaguchi
Piaget's Cognitive Behaviorist Account of Conservation in Mathematics
Anoop Gupta
Literature As Early Warning
Jim Whitlark
Toward a General Theory of General Intelligence
Ben Goertzel
What Must a World Be That a Humanlike Intelligence May Develop In It?
Ben Goertzel
2008 A New Physical Theory of Precognition
David Chik
The Holographic Principle in Biological Development and Quantum Physics
Stephen Wood
Glocal Memory: A New Perspective on Knowledge Representation, Neurodynamics, Distributed Cognition, and the Nature of Mind
Ben Goertzel
Glocality of Self and Memory as a Possible Foundation for Understanding Psi
Ben Goertzel
2007
The Holographic Principle Theory of Mind
Mark Germine
Mirror Neurons, Mirrorhouses, and the Algebraic Structure of the Self
Ben Goertzel
An Exploration of Core Power of Thought Concepts in Relation to Theories Involving Quantum Mechanics
Jeffery A. Martin
Five Ethical Imperatives and their Implications for Human-AGI Interaction
Stephan Vladimir Bugaj and Ben Goertzel
Language development in children with mental retardation
Gauri Pruthi
Biological versus computational approaches to creative problem solving
Robert Arp
2005-2006
A System-Theoretic Analysis of Focused Cognition, and its Implications for the Emergence of Self and Attention
Ben Goertzel
A Meta-Analysis of Meaning
Neil Alan Soggie
Nonphysical Causation: A Proposed Mechanism for the Efficacy of Consciousness
Rick Lucido
The Sequence of Archetypes in Individuation
James Whitlark
Psychometric Description of the True Compatibility Test : A Proprietary System for Online Matchmaking
Rense Lang, Ilona Jerabek, James Houran
The Dreaming Glasses
R. Ernesto Blanco
Continual-Activation Theory of Dreaming
Jie Zhang
Continual-Activation Theory of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Jie Zhang
Continual-Activation Theory of Schizophrenia and Restless Legs Syndrome
Jie Zhang
2004
On Biological and Digital Intelligence: A Reaction to Jeff Hawkins’ Book “On Intelligence”
* Postscript: Recognizing Visual Invariants using Evolutionary and Inferential Pattern Mining on Temporal Data
Ben Goertzel Autobiographical Memory Bump: A Dynamic Lifespan Model
Johannes J.F. Schroots and Cor van Dijkum
Essay -- The Archetypes of the Female and the Shadow in Mel Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ”
Mark Germine
Is Autism Statistically Linked to Early Non-Maternal Child Care?
Maxson McDowell
Special Section: Pattern Theory, Philosophy of Mind, and AI Psychology
Ben Goertzel Ben Goertzel
Ben Goertzel Ben Goertzel
Ben Goertzel
2003 The One Mind Model: Virtual Brain States and Nonlocality of the ERP
Mark Germine Mindplexes: The Potential Emergence of Multiple Levels of Focused Consciousness in Communities of AI’s and Humans
Ben Goertzel Toward Virtually Embodied AI: Embedding Novamente in a Simulated World.
(see also some more recent, informal notes on the same theme)
Ben Goertzel & Cassio Pennachin The Conscious Internet: An Empirical Study of the Transmission of Healing Energy via E-mail
Francesca McCartney Emotional Capacities and Sensitivity in Psychopaths
Willem H. J. Martens The Intrapsychic Mechanism of Creativity and Associated Remission in Psychopaths and Antisocial Personalities
Willem H. J. Martens Parallels between Kelly's Theory of Personal Construct and Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity: a Psychophysics Approach
Shirin Haque A Flow Theory of Behaviour Dynamics
Glen David Rutherford 2002
Fractal Dynamics of the Psyche
Terry Marks-Tarlow On Dynamics of Affective Liquids
Andrew Adamatsky Understanding the Evolution of Categorization : An Interdisciplinary Approach
I. Saillot, M. Patou-Mathis Motion Control and Consciousness
Tom Mongan The Observer in the Observed: Fractal Dynamics of Re-Entry
Terry Marks-Tarlow Thoughts on AI Morality
Ben Goertzel
Book Review -- A New Kind of Science, by Stephen Wolfram
Ben Goertzel
Book Review -- Religion Explained, by Pascal Boyer
Ben Goertzel
2000-2001
Brains, Bodies, Bifurcations and Attractors: Chaos Rules in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Elizabeth Warfel Machines as Part of Human Consciousness and Culture
Timo Jarvilehto
Commentary on “Machines as Part of Human Consciousness and Culture” by Timo Jarvilehto
Ben Goertzel
Future Psychological Evolution
John Stewart What Precognitive Dreams are Made of: The Nonlinear Dynamics of Tolerance of Ambiguity, Dream Recall, and Paranormal Belief
Rense Lange, Michael Schredl, James Houran
The Dynamics of Consciousness in the Webmind AI System
Ben Goertzel
1999
To Imitate is Human -- Review of The Meme Machine by Susan Blackmore
Liane Gabora
The Spirit of Complexity
Chris Lucas
The Sameness of Difference: Self-Organisation and the Evolution of Counselling Theory
Edward N. Drodge
Delay Vectors as Perceptual Chunks: Understanding Nonlinear Time Series Analysis as Self-Organizing Cognition
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Being, Consciousness and Everything
John Richardson
Chaos Shadow Theory
James Lindner
On a Relation Between Inner Speech and Self-Awareness: Additional Evidence from Brain Studies
Alain Morin
1998 On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Teenage Violence: Pharmacological and Psychological Perspectives
Mark Germine
Experimental Model for the Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Hallucinations and Reality Discrimination: Rethinking the Illusion of Reality
Ben Goertzel
Schizophrenia and the Family II: Paradox and Absurdity in Human Communication Reconsidered
Matthijs Koopmans
1997 On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: An Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
Mitja Perus
Postsupposition and Pastiche Talk: Mediating Order in Chaos and Language
Thor May
Computer Viruses and the Human Mind
Robin Robertson
Consciousness: network-dynamical, informational and phenomenal aspects
Mitja Perus
Evolutionary Quantum Computation: Its Role in the Brain, Its Realization in Electronic Hardware, and Its Implications for the Panpsychic Theory of Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Schizophrenia and the Family: Double Bind Theory Revisited
Matthijs Koopmans
Special Section: Texts Written for the Mind in Time Book
Fred Abraham
On the Formal Structure of Dialectical Psychology
William Hoffman
Book Review -- Jung, Godel and the History of Archetypes, by Robin Robertson
Charles R. Card
On the Algebraic Structure of Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Consciousness as a System Near the Edge of Chaos
Allan Combs
Book Review -- Radiance of Being: Complexity, Chaos and the Evolution of Consciousness, by Allan Combs. Also see the Radiance of Being Website
Ben Goertzel
Number as Archetype
Robin Robertson
The Emergence of Archetypes in Present-Day Science, And Its Significance for a Contemporary Philosophy of Nature
Charles Card
Special Section on Psi Phenomena
1994-95 (from the paper journal PsychoScience)
Soma-Significance: A New Notion of the Relationship Between the Physical and the Mental
David Bohm
A Chaos Model of the Brain Applied to EMDR
Garry A. Flint
Implications of Microgenesis for a Science and Philosophy of Mind
Jason Brown
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Chance and Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine
Essay -- The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
T. Germine
Essay -- Psychic Mutation and World Peace
Vimala Thakar
Contents: 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2005-2006, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000-2001, 1999 ,1998 , 1997 ,1996, 1994-95 Note: The early contents of DynaPsyc (1994 through early 1997) were published in book form, by Hampton Press. The title is Mind in Time: the Dynamics of Thought, Reality and Consciousness, co-edited by Allan Combs, Ben Goertzel and Mark Germine.
2010
Morphic Pilot Theory: Toward an Extension of Quantum Physics that Better Explains Psi Phenomena Ben Goertzel
While the empirical data supporting the existence of psi phenomena is now quite strong, the search for a theoretical understanding of these phenomena has been much less successful. Here a class of extensions of quantum physics is proposed, which appear broadly consistent both with existing physics data and with the body of data regarding psi phenomena. The basic idea is to view "subquantum fluctuations" as biased randomness, where the bias embodies a tendency to convey physical impulse between parts of spacetime with similar pattern or form. In a Bohmian interpretation of quantum physics, this biasing would take the form of a "morphic pilot wave," with a bias to move in directions of greater "similarity of patternment" (or more colorfully, "morphic resonance"). In a Feynman interpretation, it would take the form of a biasing of the measure used within path integrals, so as to give paths in directions of greater morphic resonance a greater weight. Theories in this class could take many possible equational forms, and several such forms are displayed here to exemplify the approach.
A Model of Language Based on Self-Organization of Gestalts and Metaphors
David Rail
A Framework for Quantum Paradigms in Psychopathology Based on the One Mind Model of Quantum Reality
Mark Germine
The Evolution of Consciousness (LNNL-39241, 1996)
Henry P. Stapp
Neuroplasticity explained by broad-scale networks and modularity?
Graeme Martin and Celia Greenway
The Next Scientific Revolution: The Theory of Mind, Evolution, and Quantum Reality Based on Process Metaphysics
Mark Germine
On Dualistic Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics: Arguments in Favor of Squire's One Mind Interpretation in the Setting of Mental Monism
Bradley Monton
An Exploration of Creativity Facilitated by Hypnosis: The Trail of Tears Trilogy
Mark Germine
Exploring the Hypothesis of "Energetic Attractions" in Romantic Compatibility
Frank Seifert & Larry Michel
2009
Kurt Lewin's Dynamical Psychology Revisited and Revised
Kullervo Rainio
On the Savant Syndrome and Prime Numbers
Makoto Yamaguchi
Piaget's Cognitive Behaviorist Account of Conservation in Mathematics
Anoop Gupta
Literature As Early Warning
Jim Whitlark
Toward a General Theory of General Intelligence
Ben Goertzel
What Must a World Be That a Humanlike Intelligence May Develop In It?
Ben Goertzel
2008 A New Physical Theory of Precognition
David Chik
The Holographic Principle in Biological Development and Quantum Physics
Stephen Wood
Glocal Memory: A New Perspective on Knowledge Representation, Neurodynamics, Distributed Cognition, and the Nature of Mind
Ben Goertzel
Glocality of Self and Memory as a Possible Foundation for Understanding Psi
Ben Goertzel
2007
The Holographic Principle Theory of Mind
Mark Germine
Mirror Neurons, Mirrorhouses, and the Algebraic Structure of the Self
Ben Goertzel
An Exploration of Core Power of Thought Concepts in Relation to Theories Involving Quantum Mechanics
Jeffery A. Martin
Five Ethical Imperatives and their Implications for Human-AGI Interaction
Stephan Vladimir Bugaj and Ben Goertzel
Language development in children with mental retardation
Gauri Pruthi
Biological versus computational approaches to creative problem solving
Robert Arp
2005-2006
A System-Theoretic Analysis of Focused Cognition, and its Implications for the Emergence of Self and Attention
Ben Goertzel
A Meta-Analysis of Meaning
Neil Alan Soggie
Nonphysical Causation: A Proposed Mechanism for the Efficacy of Consciousness
Rick Lucido
The Sequence of Archetypes in Individuation
James Whitlark
Psychometric Description of the True Compatibility Test : A Proprietary System for Online Matchmaking
Rense Lang, Ilona Jerabek, James Houran
The Dreaming Glasses
R. Ernesto Blanco
Continual-Activation Theory of Dreaming
Jie Zhang
Continual-Activation Theory of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Jie Zhang
Continual-Activation Theory of Schizophrenia and Restless Legs Syndrome
Jie Zhang
2004
On Biological and Digital Intelligence: A Reaction to Jeff Hawkins’ Book “On Intelligence”
* Postscript: Recognizing Visual Invariants using Evolutionary and Inferential Pattern Mining on Temporal Data
Ben Goertzel Autobiographical Memory Bump: A Dynamic Lifespan Model
Johannes J.F. Schroots and Cor van Dijkum
Essay -- The Archetypes of the Female and the Shadow in Mel Gibson’s “The Passion of the Christ”
Mark Germine
Is Autism Statistically Linked to Early Non-Maternal Child Care?
Maxson McDowell
Special Section: Pattern Theory, Philosophy of Mind, and AI Psychology
Ben Goertzel Ben Goertzel
Ben Goertzel Ben Goertzel
- The All-Seeing A(I): Universal Mind Simulation as a Possible Path to Stably Benevolent Superhuman AI
Ben Goertzel
2003 The One Mind Model: Virtual Brain States and Nonlocality of the ERP
Mark Germine Mindplexes: The Potential Emergence of Multiple Levels of Focused Consciousness in Communities of AI’s and Humans
Ben Goertzel Toward Virtually Embodied AI: Embedding Novamente in a Simulated World.
(see also some more recent, informal notes on the same theme)
Ben Goertzel & Cassio Pennachin The Conscious Internet: An Empirical Study of the Transmission of Healing Energy via E-mail
Francesca McCartney Emotional Capacities and Sensitivity in Psychopaths
Willem H. J. Martens The Intrapsychic Mechanism of Creativity and Associated Remission in Psychopaths and Antisocial Personalities
Willem H. J. Martens Parallels between Kelly's Theory of Personal Construct and Einstein's Theory of Special Relativity: a Psychophysics Approach
Shirin Haque A Flow Theory of Behaviour Dynamics
Glen David Rutherford 2002
Fractal Dynamics of the Psyche
Terry Marks-Tarlow On Dynamics of Affective Liquids
Andrew Adamatsky Understanding the Evolution of Categorization : An Interdisciplinary Approach
I. Saillot, M. Patou-Mathis Motion Control and Consciousness
Tom Mongan The Observer in the Observed: Fractal Dynamics of Re-Entry
Terry Marks-Tarlow Thoughts on AI Morality
Ben Goertzel
Book Review -- A New Kind of Science, by Stephen Wolfram
Ben Goertzel
Book Review -- Religion Explained, by Pascal Boyer
Ben Goertzel
2000-2001
Brains, Bodies, Bifurcations and Attractors: Chaos Rules in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Elizabeth Warfel Machines as Part of Human Consciousness and Culture
Timo Jarvilehto
Commentary on “Machines as Part of Human Consciousness and Culture” by Timo Jarvilehto
Ben Goertzel
Future Psychological Evolution
John Stewart What Precognitive Dreams are Made of: The Nonlinear Dynamics of Tolerance of Ambiguity, Dream Recall, and Paranormal Belief
Rense Lange, Michael Schredl, James Houran
The Dynamics of Consciousness in the Webmind AI System
Ben Goertzel
1999
To Imitate is Human -- Review of The Meme Machine by Susan Blackmore
Liane Gabora
The Spirit of Complexity
Chris Lucas
The Sameness of Difference: Self-Organisation and the Evolution of Counselling Theory
Edward N. Drodge
Delay Vectors as Perceptual Chunks: Understanding Nonlinear Time Series Analysis as Self-Organizing Cognition
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Being, Consciousness and Everything
John Richardson
Chaos Shadow Theory
James Lindner
On a Relation Between Inner Speech and Self-Awareness: Additional Evidence from Brain Studies
Alain Morin
1998 On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Teenage Violence: Pharmacological and Psychological Perspectives
Mark Germine
Experimental Model for the Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Hallucinations and Reality Discrimination: Rethinking the Illusion of Reality
Ben Goertzel
Schizophrenia and the Family II: Paradox and Absurdity in Human Communication Reconsidered
Matthijs Koopmans
1997 On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: An Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
Mitja Perus
Postsupposition and Pastiche Talk: Mediating Order in Chaos and Language
Thor May
Computer Viruses and the Human Mind
Robin Robertson
Consciousness: network-dynamical, informational and phenomenal aspects
Mitja Perus
Evolutionary Quantum Computation: Its Role in the Brain, Its Realization in Electronic Hardware, and Its Implications for the Panpsychic Theory of Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Schizophrenia and the Family: Double Bind Theory Revisited
Matthijs Koopmans
Special Section: Texts Written for the Mind in Time Book
- Introduction to "Mind in Time"
Ben Goertzel, Allan Combs and Mark Germine - Helical Time in Physics and Psychology
Ben Goertzel
Fred Abraham
On the Formal Structure of Dialectical Psychology
William Hoffman
Book Review -- Jung, Godel and the History of Archetypes, by Robin Robertson
Charles R. Card
On the Algebraic Structure of Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Consciousness as a System Near the Edge of Chaos
Allan Combs
Book Review -- Radiance of Being: Complexity, Chaos and the Evolution of Consciousness, by Allan Combs. Also see the Radiance of Being Website
Ben Goertzel
Number as Archetype
Robin Robertson
The Emergence of Archetypes in Present-Day Science, And Its Significance for a Contemporary Philosophy of Nature
Charles Card
Special Section on Psi Phenomena
- Toward a Physical Foundation for Psi Phenomena
Ervin Laszlo - Psi Research and the Human Brain's 'Reserve Capacities'
Stanley Krippner - Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszl
1994-95 (from the paper journal PsychoScience)
Soma-Significance: A New Notion of the Relationship Between the Physical and the Mental
David Bohm
A Chaos Model of the Brain Applied to EMDR
Garry A. Flint
Implications of Microgenesis for a Science and Philosophy of Mind
Jason Brown
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Chance and Consciousness
Ben Goertzel
Essay -- Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine
Essay -- The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
T. Germine
Essay -- Psychic Mutation and World Peace
Vimala Thakar
PARAPSYCHOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS: Parapsychology
"Signal Processing Analysis of Forced Choice ESP Data: Evidence for Psi as a Wave of Correlation"
Norman S. Don, Bruce E McDonough, Charles A Warren
"Extended Remote Viewing: an Overview for Distant Monitoring"
Gene "Kincaid"
Alternative biophysics: investing in the study of the biofield
Savely Savva
What can the paranormal teach us about consciousness?
Susan Blackmore
A wrinkle in time? Psi, "backward causation" and synchronicity
Christian de Quincey
The challenge of synchronicity: its meaning and implications for science and philosophy
Christian de Quincey
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
Experimental Evidence Suggestive of Anomalous Consciousness Interactions
Deborah L. Delanoy
What We Know About Remote Viewing
From Miracles of Mind
by Russell Targ and Jane Katra
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
Developing the Theoretical Basis of Psi
James E. Beichler
The Electromagnetic Theory (excerpt from "Theoretical Parapsychology")
Douglas M. Stokes
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Card Guessing Tests: Learning Paradigm or Extinction Paradigm?
Charles T. Tart
Are We Interested in Making ESP Function Strongly and Reliably? A Response to J.E. Kennedy
Charles T. Tart
A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay
Charles T. Tart
A Neuropsychological Approach to the Study of ESP: the Corpus-Collosum as a Bergsonian-Type Filter
Angela Thompson
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
Psi Research and the Human Brain's "Reserve Capacities"
Stanley Krippner, PhD, Saybrook Institute
Toward a Physical Foundation for Psi Phenomena
Ervin Laszlo, The 1994 J.B. Rhine Lecture
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
A Two-Worlds Model for Consciousness
Ralph H. Abraham
Psi, Sight and Awareness
by Russell Targ
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
On Complexity and Pragmatism
Dean Radin, Ph. D.
The Strange Properties of Psychokinesis
Helmut Schmidt
Physical theories of Psi
from the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology site
"Link theory and PSI"
Richard Shoup
"PSI Influence and Link Theory"
Thomas Etter
"Process, system, causality and quantum mechanics"
Thomas Etter
"Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena" 1996
Edwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Managing the target pool bandwidth: noise reduction for anomalous cognition experiments", 1994
Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Christine L. James
"Effect of ambient magnetic field fluctuations on performance in a free response anomalous cognition task: a pilot study"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Shannon entropy as an intrinsic target property: toward a reductionist model of anomalous cognition", 1994
Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Christine L. James
"Apparent association between effect size in free response anomalous cognition experiments and local sidereal time"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Geomagnetic activity and anomalous cognition: a preliminary report of new evidence"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Observation of a PK effect under highly controlled conditions"
Helmut Schmidt
"Princeton University Mind-Matter Experiments Reported", 1992
"The paranormal: the evidence and its implications for consciousness"
Jessica Utts and Brian D. Josephson, 1996
"An assessment of the evidence for psychic functioning"
Prof. Jessica Utts
Division of Statistics, University of California, Davis
"Does Psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer"
Daryl J. Bem and Charles Honorton, 1994
"The challenge of consciousness research"
Brian D. Josephson and Beverly A. Rubik, 1992
"A world with retroactive causation"
Dick J. Bierman, 1988
"Experiments in remote human/machine interactions"
B. J. Dunne, R. G. Jahn, 1992
"Mind, machines and paranormal phenomena"
Dick J. Bierman 1996
"Nature's mind: the quantum hologram"
Edgar Mitchell, Sc. D. (1999?)
"Anomalous unconscious emotional responses: evidence for a reversal of the arrow of time"
Dick J. Bierman and Dean I. Radin, 1998
"Process oriented ganzfeld research in Amsterdam"
Rens Wezelman and Dick J. Bierman, 1997
"Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems"
D. I. Radin, R. D. Nelson, 1989
"A test on possible implications of the observational theories for ganzfeld research"
D. J. Bierman 1987
"Physics and parapsychology"
Dick J. Bierman, 1985
"Do Psi-phenomena suggest radical dualism?"
Dick Bierman 1996
BIOPHYSICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"About the Coherence of Biophotons"
Fritz-Albert Popp
"Gaia and the Evolution of Coherence"
Mae-Wan Ho and Fritz-Albert Popp
"The Biology of Free Will"
Mae-Wan Ho
"Biophysical aspects of the Psychic situation"
Fritz-Albert Popp
Self-Organization Within Complex Quantum States
Andrej Detela
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
David Bohm: A Life of Dialogue Between Science and Spirit
by William Keepin
"Quantum Vitalism"
Stuart Hameroff
"A quantum explanation of Sheldrake's morphic resonance"
Amit Goswami
"Comparison of TGD based theory of self-organization with the ideas of Rupert Sheldrake"
Matti Pitkanen
Morphogenesis resources - glossary of terms
"Morphogenetic fields and beyond"
Robert Gilmore, Context Institute
"More on morphogenetic fields"
Co-intelligence Institute
"Rupert Sheldrake: a theosophical appraisal"
David Pratt
"Memory and morphogenetic fields"
Robert Gilman
On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: an Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
interview conducted by Mitja Perus
National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
Thomas J. Germine
Quantum Back Action: Does Consciousness Require a Violation of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics?
Jack Sarfatti
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
New Concepts of Matter, Life and Mind
Ervin Laszlo
"A Possible Solution for the Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology"
Stuart Kauffmann and Lee Smolin
"Interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality"
Scott Hagan
"Consciousness in David Bohm's ontology"
"Developed excerpts from Mind, Matter and Active Information"
Paavo Pylkkanen
"The second superstring revolution" - report on the latest developments in superstring theory
Prof. John H. Schwarz, Caltech
"M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings"
from Cambridge Relativity: Quantum Gravity
"The Central Programme of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose, 1999
(from "Chaos, solitons and fractals"
"Introduction to superstring theory"
John M. Pierre
"On the origins of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose
"A few notes on twistor diagrams"
Andrew Hodges
"The future of spin networks"
New Physics Reviews, Volume 1, Number 2, Version 0.1 "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter"
David Bohm
What's New with My Subject? Alternative Medicine
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"Electromagnetic Therapy"
Cyril Smith
"Nervous System"
Roger Jahnke O.M.D.
"The Way of Qigong"
Ken Cohen
Radionics: science or magic?
George Dimitriou
The DNA Phantom Effect
Dr. Vladimir Poponin
"Biofield Therapeutics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Bioelectromagnetics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Imagery"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"The field resonance approach in medicine"
Dr Jens Jerndal
Dr. Yan Xin on Scientific Qigong Research
International Yan Xin Qigong Association
The influence of the external qi of qigong on the radioactive decay rate of 214 AM
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Zhang Tianbao, Wang Haidong, Zhu Runsheng
The External Qi Experiments from the United States to Beijing, China
Lu, Zuyin, Zhu, Runsheng, Ren, Guoxiao, Hu, Juyou
Measurements of the effect of external qi on the polarization plane of a linearly polarized laser beam
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Yan Sixian, Li Shengpin
Observations of the bromination reaction in n-hexane and bromine system under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Yang Zengjia, Lu Zuyin
Observation of the effect of external Qi on the ultraviolet absorption of nucleic acids
Yan Xin, Zheng Changxue, Zhou Guangye, Lu Zuyin
An experimental study on ultra-long distance (2,000km) effects of the external qi of qigong on the molecular structure of matter
Li Shengping, Meng Guirong, Sun MengYin, Cui Yuanhao, Yan Sixian, Yan Xin
The effect of external qi of qigong on the liposome phase behavior
Yan Xin, Zhao Nanming, Ying Changcheng, Lu Zuyin
Laser Raman observation on tap water saline, glucose and medemycine solutions under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shenhping, Yu Jianyuan, Li Baike, Lu Zuyin
The observation of effect of external qi of qigong on synthesis gas system
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Liu Chongwei, Hu Jinggue, Mao Shanhong, Lu Zuyin
Science, Skeptics and Yan Xin Qigong
The First National Conference on the Bigu Manifestation, Health Effects and Scientific Research of Yan Xin Qigong
Rustum Roy, Yi Fang
Ms. Sun Chu-lin: the outstanding gift to be studied
Savely Savva
Biofield and a cybernetic model of the organism: suggestion for empirical study
Savely Savva
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
NIH and the Harkin Directive: Subtle Energies and Social Policy
Stephan A. Schwartz
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Mental Influence on Genes, Mutations and Evolution
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Psi Healing and Related Evidence: Implications Beyond Individual Treatment
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Intuitive Assessments
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Scientific Studies of Qigong
Subtle Realms of Healing
Marilyn Schlitz and Nada Lewis
Spiritual Healing as the Energy Side of Einstein's Equation
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Bioelectromagnetics: Energy Medicine - A Challenge for Science
by Beverly Rubik
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health
Gloria Alvino
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health - part II
Gloria Alvino
The Meridian System and the Mechanism of Acupuncture
Charles Shang
Yan Xin Qigong, Science and Practice
Dr. Hui Lin and Dr. Hong Jiang
Relaxation induced by Microwave Resonance Therapy: EEG Correlates
By Dejan Radenovic1, Dejan Rakovic1, 2 , Zlata Jovanovic-Ignjatic3, Milorad Tomasevic4, Vlada Radivojevic5, Emil Jovanov 1, 6
Bioelectromagnetics: the Question of Subtle Energies
by Jan Walleczek
The Past, Present and Future of the Electrodermal Screening System
Prof. Julia J. Tsuei MD, F.A.C.O.G.
"What is Imagery, and How does It Work?"
Martin L. Rossman, MD
Personalized Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D.
Dynamics of Visualization and Imagery Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
Beliefs, Attitudes and Expectations: the Relationship between Personality and Cancer
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
"Empirical evidence supporting macro-scale quantum holography in non-local effects"
M. Sue Benford
"Spin Doctors": A new paradigm theorizing the mechanism of bioenergy healing
M. Sue Benford, R.N., M.A.
"Idiopathic thermogenesis: potential origin and mechanism of action"
M. Sue Benford
"An overview of microwave resonance therapy and EEG correlates of microwave resonance relaxation and other consciousness altering techniques"
D. Rakovic, Z. Jovanovic-Ignjatic, D. Radenovic, M. Tomasevic, E. Jovanov, V. Radivojevic, Z. Martinovic, P. Sukovic, M. Car, L. Skaric
Psychoneuroimmunology
review by Klazien Matter-Walstra
"Biofeedback: review, history and application"
Donald E. O'Hair, Ph. D.
"Guidance for health professionals using meditation: clinical effects of meditation"
from Meditations for Life
"The effects of Hemi-Sync on electrocortical activity: a review of three empirical studies"
by M. R. Sadigh, PhD, Director of Psychology, The Gateway Institute
and P. W. Kozicky, MD, Founder and Director, The Gateway Institute
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert
US News, January 2000
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
The Specious Present: a Neurophenomenology of Time Consciousness
Francisco J. Varela
Correlational Opponent Processing: A Unifying Principle
Blue, Ronald C. & Blue, Wanda E.
Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more conventional models of neural computation
Jeff Prideaux
Bipolar Spectral Associative Memories
R. Spencer
Quantum Dynamic Networks, Chaotic Solitons and Emergent Structures in Subcellular Processes: Possible Implications for Learning, Memory and Cognition
Martin J. Dudziak, PhD
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Experimental Model for Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine, M.D.
Dissipation and Memory Capacity in the Quantum Brain Model
Giuseppe Vitiello (with comments by Jack Safartti)
Status Report: Quantum Holography and the Brain
Karl H. Pribram
Interviewing Edgar Mitchell
By Joel Metzger
On the Methodology of EEG Analysis During altered States of Consciousness
Emil Jovanov
A model of consciousness: an engineering approach
Emil Jovanov
"Thalamocortical foundations of conscious experience"
James Newman
"Consciousness involves noncomputable ingredients"
Roger Penrose
"Funda-Mentality: is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?"
Stuart Hameroff
"A Sonoran Afternoon: a Stuart Hameroff/ Alwyn Scott dialogue" "A novel pathway into brain dynamics"
Walter J. Freeman, MD, 1991
"Feasibility of macroscopic quantum mechanisms in the brain"
Stuart Hameroff
"Testable predictions - experimental approaches"
Scott Hagan
"Quantum field theoretical approaches to consciousness"
Scott Hagan
"A neural attentional model for access to consciousness"
James Newman and Bernard Baars, 1993
"The effect of silent thinking on the cerebral cortex"
Sir John Eccles
"Protein tactilization/percolation, electron superposition/conformation and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation"
Michael Conrad
"Symposium on Roger Penrose's Shadows of the mind"Psyche, Vol. 2
"Beyond the doubting of a shadow"
Roger Penrose, 1996
"The emperor's new mind, by Roger Penrose"
book review by Kelley L. Ross 1996
"Willed action: a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task",
Fahmeed Hyder, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Christopher J. Wiggins, Kevin S. Labar, Andrew M. Blamire, and Robert G. Shulman
"Why classical mechanics cannot naturally accommodate consciousness but quantum mechanics can"
Henry P. Stapp, 1995
"Whiteheadian process and quantum theory of mind"
Henry P. Stapp, 1998
The Rediscovery of the Mind by John Searle"
Reviewed by Thomas Nagel, 1993
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert, 2000
Self and binding"
Matti Pitkanen, 1999 "Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, Ph.D., 1990
"Prediction and internal feedback in conscious perception"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1996
"On the End of a Quantum Mechanical Romance"
Gregory R. Mulhauser, 1995
"Change of paradigms in consciousness research"
R. Hernegger, 1995
"On the neural correlates of consciousness"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1997
Outline of an Integral Psychology
Ken Wilber
The Holotropic Therapy System
Peter A. Jackson
Alternative Cosmologies and Altered States
Stanislav Grof
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
"Look for truth no matter where it takes you: F. David Peat on David Bohm, Krishnamurti and himself"
interview by Simeon Alev, 1995
"Absolutely not!" an interview with Stephen Batchelor
Andrew Cohen, 1998
"In the meantime": an interview with Frances Vaugham
Susan Bridle, 1998
"The man with two heads: a two part interview with Sheik Ragip/Robert Frager"
Craig Hamilton, 2000 "Orchestrating our many selves: Jean Houston on the fallacy of self-mastery"
Amy Edelstein, 1999
"No independent existence: an interview with His Holiness the Dalai Lama"
Amy Edelstein, 1998
"Can science enlighten us? Science, spirituality and the revelation of the Unknown"
Andrew Cohen, 1997
"The roar of the timeless Beyond": an interview with Peter Masefield
Simeon Alev, 1998
"Integrating the Big Bang: an interview with Michael Murphy"
Andrew Cohen, 1999
"Kundalini signs and symptoms"
El Collie
"Mantra: the potency of sound"
Georg Feuerstein
"Does recurrent isolated sleep paralysis involve more than cognitive neurosciences?"
Jean-Christophe Terrillon, PhD and Sirley Marques-Bonham, PhD
"Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, 1990
"Maybe angels: a confluence of imagination and rational enquiry", an interview with Rupert Sheldrake
Hal Blacker, 1995 " Who is Ajja? A meeting with the Absolute"
an interview by Andrew Cohen, 1998
"Signal Processing Analysis of Forced Choice ESP Data: Evidence for Psi as a Wave of Correlation"
Norman S. Don, Bruce E McDonough, Charles A Warren
"Extended Remote Viewing: an Overview for Distant Monitoring"
Gene "Kincaid"
Alternative biophysics: investing in the study of the biofield
Savely Savva
What can the paranormal teach us about consciousness?
Susan Blackmore
A wrinkle in time? Psi, "backward causation" and synchronicity
Christian de Quincey
The challenge of synchronicity: its meaning and implications for science and philosophy
Christian de Quincey
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
Experimental Evidence Suggestive of Anomalous Consciousness Interactions
Deborah L. Delanoy
What We Know About Remote Viewing
From Miracles of Mind
by Russell Targ and Jane Katra
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
Developing the Theoretical Basis of Psi
James E. Beichler
The Electromagnetic Theory (excerpt from "Theoretical Parapsychology")
Douglas M. Stokes
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Card Guessing Tests: Learning Paradigm or Extinction Paradigm?
Charles T. Tart
Are We Interested in Making ESP Function Strongly and Reliably? A Response to J.E. Kennedy
Charles T. Tart
A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay
Charles T. Tart
A Neuropsychological Approach to the Study of ESP: the Corpus-Collosum as a Bergsonian-Type Filter
Angela Thompson
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
Psi Research and the Human Brain's "Reserve Capacities"
Stanley Krippner, PhD, Saybrook Institute
Toward a Physical Foundation for Psi Phenomena
Ervin Laszlo, The 1994 J.B. Rhine Lecture
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
A Two-Worlds Model for Consciousness
Ralph H. Abraham
Psi, Sight and Awareness
by Russell Targ
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
On Complexity and Pragmatism
Dean Radin, Ph. D.
The Strange Properties of Psychokinesis
Helmut Schmidt
Physical theories of Psi
from the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology site
"Link theory and PSI"
Richard Shoup
"PSI Influence and Link Theory"
Thomas Etter
"Process, system, causality and quantum mechanics"
Thomas Etter
"Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena" 1996
Edwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Managing the target pool bandwidth: noise reduction for anomalous cognition experiments", 1994
Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Christine L. James
"Effect of ambient magnetic field fluctuations on performance in a free response anomalous cognition task: a pilot study"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Shannon entropy as an intrinsic target property: toward a reductionist model of anomalous cognition", 1994
Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Christine L. James
"Apparent association between effect size in free response anomalous cognition experiments and local sidereal time"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Geomagnetic activity and anomalous cognition: a preliminary report of new evidence"
S. James P. Spottiswoode
"Observation of a PK effect under highly controlled conditions"
Helmut Schmidt
"Princeton University Mind-Matter Experiments Reported", 1992
"The paranormal: the evidence and its implications for consciousness"
Jessica Utts and Brian D. Josephson, 1996
"An assessment of the evidence for psychic functioning"
Prof. Jessica Utts
Division of Statistics, University of California, Davis
"Does Psi exist? Replicable evidence for an anomalous process of information transfer"
Daryl J. Bem and Charles Honorton, 1994
"The challenge of consciousness research"
Brian D. Josephson and Beverly A. Rubik, 1992
"A world with retroactive causation"
Dick J. Bierman, 1988
"Experiments in remote human/machine interactions"
B. J. Dunne, R. G. Jahn, 1992
"Mind, machines and paranormal phenomena"
Dick J. Bierman 1996
"Nature's mind: the quantum hologram"
Edgar Mitchell, Sc. D. (1999?)
"Anomalous unconscious emotional responses: evidence for a reversal of the arrow of time"
Dick J. Bierman and Dean I. Radin, 1998
"Process oriented ganzfeld research in Amsterdam"
Rens Wezelman and Dick J. Bierman, 1997
"Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical systems"
D. I. Radin, R. D. Nelson, 1989
"A test on possible implications of the observational theories for ganzfeld research"
D. J. Bierman 1987
"Physics and parapsychology"
Dick J. Bierman, 1985
"Do Psi-phenomena suggest radical dualism?"
Dick Bierman 1996
BIOPHYSICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"About the Coherence of Biophotons"
Fritz-Albert Popp
"Gaia and the Evolution of Coherence"
Mae-Wan Ho and Fritz-Albert Popp
"The Biology of Free Will"
Mae-Wan Ho
"Biophysical aspects of the Psychic situation"
Fritz-Albert Popp
Self-Organization Within Complex Quantum States
Andrej Detela
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
David Bohm: A Life of Dialogue Between Science and Spirit
by William Keepin
"Quantum Vitalism"
Stuart Hameroff
"A quantum explanation of Sheldrake's morphic resonance"
Amit Goswami
"Comparison of TGD based theory of self-organization with the ideas of Rupert Sheldrake"
Matti Pitkanen
Morphogenesis resources - glossary of terms
"Morphogenetic fields and beyond"
Robert Gilmore, Context Institute
"More on morphogenetic fields"
Co-intelligence Institute
"Rupert Sheldrake: a theosophical appraisal"
David Pratt
"Memory and morphogenetic fields"
Robert Gilman
On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: an Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
interview conducted by Mitja Perus
National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
Thomas J. Germine
Quantum Back Action: Does Consciousness Require a Violation of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics?
Jack Sarfatti
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
New Concepts of Matter, Life and Mind
Ervin Laszlo
"A Possible Solution for the Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology"
Stuart Kauffmann and Lee Smolin
"Interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality"
Scott Hagan
"Consciousness in David Bohm's ontology"
"Developed excerpts from Mind, Matter and Active Information"
Paavo Pylkkanen
"The second superstring revolution" - report on the latest developments in superstring theory
Prof. John H. Schwarz, Caltech
"M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings"
from Cambridge Relativity: Quantum Gravity
"The Central Programme of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose, 1999
(from "Chaos, solitons and fractals"
"Introduction to superstring theory"
John M. Pierre
"On the origins of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose
"A few notes on twistor diagrams"
Andrew Hodges
"The future of spin networks"
New Physics Reviews, Volume 1, Number 2, Version 0.1 "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter"
David Bohm
What's New with My Subject? Alternative Medicine
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"Electromagnetic Therapy"
Cyril Smith
"Nervous System"
Roger Jahnke O.M.D.
"The Way of Qigong"
Ken Cohen
Radionics: science or magic?
George Dimitriou
The DNA Phantom Effect
Dr. Vladimir Poponin
"Biofield Therapeutics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Bioelectromagnetics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Imagery"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"The field resonance approach in medicine"
Dr Jens Jerndal
Dr. Yan Xin on Scientific Qigong Research
International Yan Xin Qigong Association
The influence of the external qi of qigong on the radioactive decay rate of 214 AM
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Zhang Tianbao, Wang Haidong, Zhu Runsheng
The External Qi Experiments from the United States to Beijing, China
Lu, Zuyin, Zhu, Runsheng, Ren, Guoxiao, Hu, Juyou
Measurements of the effect of external qi on the polarization plane of a linearly polarized laser beam
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Yan Sixian, Li Shengpin
Observations of the bromination reaction in n-hexane and bromine system under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Yang Zengjia, Lu Zuyin
Observation of the effect of external Qi on the ultraviolet absorption of nucleic acids
Yan Xin, Zheng Changxue, Zhou Guangye, Lu Zuyin
An experimental study on ultra-long distance (2,000km) effects of the external qi of qigong on the molecular structure of matter
Li Shengping, Meng Guirong, Sun MengYin, Cui Yuanhao, Yan Sixian, Yan Xin
The effect of external qi of qigong on the liposome phase behavior
Yan Xin, Zhao Nanming, Ying Changcheng, Lu Zuyin
Laser Raman observation on tap water saline, glucose and medemycine solutions under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shenhping, Yu Jianyuan, Li Baike, Lu Zuyin
The observation of effect of external qi of qigong on synthesis gas system
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Liu Chongwei, Hu Jinggue, Mao Shanhong, Lu Zuyin
Science, Skeptics and Yan Xin Qigong
The First National Conference on the Bigu Manifestation, Health Effects and Scientific Research of Yan Xin Qigong
Rustum Roy, Yi Fang
Ms. Sun Chu-lin: the outstanding gift to be studied
Savely Savva
Biofield and a cybernetic model of the organism: suggestion for empirical study
Savely Savva
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
NIH and the Harkin Directive: Subtle Energies and Social Policy
Stephan A. Schwartz
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Mental Influence on Genes, Mutations and Evolution
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Psi Healing and Related Evidence: Implications Beyond Individual Treatment
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Intuitive Assessments
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Scientific Studies of Qigong
Subtle Realms of Healing
Marilyn Schlitz and Nada Lewis
Spiritual Healing as the Energy Side of Einstein's Equation
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Bioelectromagnetics: Energy Medicine - A Challenge for Science
by Beverly Rubik
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health
Gloria Alvino
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health - part II
Gloria Alvino
The Meridian System and the Mechanism of Acupuncture
Charles Shang
Yan Xin Qigong, Science and Practice
Dr. Hui Lin and Dr. Hong Jiang
Relaxation induced by Microwave Resonance Therapy: EEG Correlates
By Dejan Radenovic1, Dejan Rakovic1, 2 , Zlata Jovanovic-Ignjatic3, Milorad Tomasevic4, Vlada Radivojevic5, Emil Jovanov 1, 6
Bioelectromagnetics: the Question of Subtle Energies
by Jan Walleczek
The Past, Present and Future of the Electrodermal Screening System
Prof. Julia J. Tsuei MD, F.A.C.O.G.
"What is Imagery, and How does It Work?"
Martin L. Rossman, MD
Personalized Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D.
Dynamics of Visualization and Imagery Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
Beliefs, Attitudes and Expectations: the Relationship between Personality and Cancer
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
"Empirical evidence supporting macro-scale quantum holography in non-local effects"
M. Sue Benford
"Spin Doctors": A new paradigm theorizing the mechanism of bioenergy healing
M. Sue Benford, R.N., M.A.
"Idiopathic thermogenesis: potential origin and mechanism of action"
M. Sue Benford
"An overview of microwave resonance therapy and EEG correlates of microwave resonance relaxation and other consciousness altering techniques"
D. Rakovic, Z. Jovanovic-Ignjatic, D. Radenovic, M. Tomasevic, E. Jovanov, V. Radivojevic, Z. Martinovic, P. Sukovic, M. Car, L. Skaric
Psychoneuroimmunology
review by Klazien Matter-Walstra
"Biofeedback: review, history and application"
Donald E. O'Hair, Ph. D.
"Guidance for health professionals using meditation: clinical effects of meditation"
from Meditations for Life
"The effects of Hemi-Sync on electrocortical activity: a review of three empirical studies"
by M. R. Sadigh, PhD, Director of Psychology, The Gateway Institute
and P. W. Kozicky, MD, Founder and Director, The Gateway Institute
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert
US News, January 2000
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
The Specious Present: a Neurophenomenology of Time Consciousness
Francisco J. Varela
Correlational Opponent Processing: A Unifying Principle
Blue, Ronald C. & Blue, Wanda E.
Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more conventional models of neural computation
Jeff Prideaux
Bipolar Spectral Associative Memories
R. Spencer
Quantum Dynamic Networks, Chaotic Solitons and Emergent Structures in Subcellular Processes: Possible Implications for Learning, Memory and Cognition
Martin J. Dudziak, PhD
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Experimental Model for Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine, M.D.
Dissipation and Memory Capacity in the Quantum Brain Model
Giuseppe Vitiello (with comments by Jack Safartti)
Status Report: Quantum Holography and the Brain
Karl H. Pribram
Interviewing Edgar Mitchell
By Joel Metzger
On the Methodology of EEG Analysis During altered States of Consciousness
Emil Jovanov
A model of consciousness: an engineering approach
Emil Jovanov
"Thalamocortical foundations of conscious experience"
James Newman
"Consciousness involves noncomputable ingredients"
Roger Penrose
"Funda-Mentality: is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?"
Stuart Hameroff
"A Sonoran Afternoon: a Stuart Hameroff/ Alwyn Scott dialogue" "A novel pathway into brain dynamics"
Walter J. Freeman, MD, 1991
"Feasibility of macroscopic quantum mechanisms in the brain"
Stuart Hameroff
"Testable predictions - experimental approaches"
Scott Hagan
"Quantum field theoretical approaches to consciousness"
Scott Hagan
"A neural attentional model for access to consciousness"
James Newman and Bernard Baars, 1993
"The effect of silent thinking on the cerebral cortex"
Sir John Eccles
"Protein tactilization/percolation, electron superposition/conformation and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation"
Michael Conrad
"Symposium on Roger Penrose's Shadows of the mind"Psyche, Vol. 2
"Beyond the doubting of a shadow"
Roger Penrose, 1996
"The emperor's new mind, by Roger Penrose"
book review by Kelley L. Ross 1996
"Willed action: a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task",
Fahmeed Hyder, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Christopher J. Wiggins, Kevin S. Labar, Andrew M. Blamire, and Robert G. Shulman
"Why classical mechanics cannot naturally accommodate consciousness but quantum mechanics can"
Henry P. Stapp, 1995
"Whiteheadian process and quantum theory of mind"
Henry P. Stapp, 1998
The Rediscovery of the Mind by John Searle"
Reviewed by Thomas Nagel, 1993
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert, 2000
Self and binding"
Matti Pitkanen, 1999 "Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, Ph.D., 1990
"Prediction and internal feedback in conscious perception"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1996
"On the End of a Quantum Mechanical Romance"
Gregory R. Mulhauser, 1995
"Change of paradigms in consciousness research"
R. Hernegger, 1995
"On the neural correlates of consciousness"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1997
Outline of an Integral Psychology
Ken Wilber
The Holotropic Therapy System
Peter A. Jackson
Alternative Cosmologies and Altered States
Stanislav Grof
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
"Look for truth no matter where it takes you: F. David Peat on David Bohm, Krishnamurti and himself"
interview by Simeon Alev, 1995
"Absolutely not!" an interview with Stephen Batchelor
Andrew Cohen, 1998
"In the meantime": an interview with Frances Vaugham
Susan Bridle, 1998
"The man with two heads: a two part interview with Sheik Ragip/Robert Frager"
Craig Hamilton, 2000 "Orchestrating our many selves: Jean Houston on the fallacy of self-mastery"
Amy Edelstein, 1999
"No independent existence: an interview with His Holiness the Dalai Lama"
Amy Edelstein, 1998
"Can science enlighten us? Science, spirituality and the revelation of the Unknown"
Andrew Cohen, 1997
"The roar of the timeless Beyond": an interview with Peter Masefield
Simeon Alev, 1998
"Integrating the Big Bang: an interview with Michael Murphy"
Andrew Cohen, 1999
"Kundalini signs and symptoms"
El Collie
"Mantra: the potency of sound"
Georg Feuerstein
"Does recurrent isolated sleep paralysis involve more than cognitive neurosciences?"
Jean-Christophe Terrillon, PhD and Sirley Marques-Bonham, PhD
"Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, 1990
"Maybe angels: a confluence of imagination and rational enquiry", an interview with Rupert Sheldrake
Hal Blacker, 1995 " Who is Ajja? A meeting with the Absolute"
an interview by Andrew Cohen, 1998
JOURNAL OF BORDERLAND RESEARCH - http://journal.borderlands.com/
- Categories
- Borderland Experimenter
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- Conspiracy
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Physics
On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: an Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
interview conducted by Mitja Perus
National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
Thomas J. Germine
Quantum Back Action: Does Consciousness Require a Violation of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics?
Jack Sarfatti
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
New Concepts of Matter, Life and Mind
Ervin Laszlo
"A Possible Solution for the Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology"
Stuart Kauffmann and Lee Smolin
"Interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality"
Scott Hagan
"Consciousness in David Bohm's ontology"
"Developed excerpts from Mind, Matter and Active Information"
Paavo Pylkkanen
"The second superstring revolution" - report on the latest developments in superstring theory
Prof. John H. Schwarz, Caltech
"M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings"
from Cambridge Relativity: Quantum Gravity
"The Central Programme of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose, 1999
(from "Chaos, solitons and fractals"
"Introduction to superstring theory"
John M. Pierre
"On the origins of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose
"A few notes on twistor diagrams"
Andrew Hodges
"The future of spin networks"
New Physics Reviews, Volume 1, Number 2, Version 0.1 "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter"
David Bohm
interview conducted by Mitja Perus
National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
The Quantum Metaphysics of David Bohm
Thomas J. Germine
Quantum Back Action: Does Consciousness Require a Violation of Orthodox Quantum Mechanics?
Jack Sarfatti
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
New Concepts of Matter, Life and Mind
Ervin Laszlo
"A Possible Solution for the Problem of Time in Quantum Cosmology"
Stuart Kauffmann and Lee Smolin
"Interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality"
Scott Hagan
"Consciousness in David Bohm's ontology"
"Developed excerpts from Mind, Matter and Active Information"
Paavo Pylkkanen
"The second superstring revolution" - report on the latest developments in superstring theory
Prof. John H. Schwarz, Caltech
"M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings"
from Cambridge Relativity: Quantum Gravity
"The Central Programme of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose, 1999
(from "Chaos, solitons and fractals"
"Introduction to superstring theory"
John M. Pierre
"On the origins of twistor theory"
Roger Penrose
"A few notes on twistor diagrams"
Andrew Hodges
"The future of spin networks"
New Physics Reviews, Volume 1, Number 2, Version 0.1 "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter"
David Bohm
Alternative Medicine
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"Electromagnetic Therapy"
Cyril Smith
"Nervous System"
Roger Jahnke O.M.D.
"The Way of Qigong"
Ken Cohen
Radionics: science or magic?
George Dimitriou
The DNA Phantom Effect
Dr. Vladimir Poponin
"Biofield Therapeutics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Bioelectromagnetics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Imagery"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"The field resonance approach in medicine"
Dr Jens Jerndal
Dr. Yan Xin on Scientific Qigong Research
International Yan Xin Qigong Association
The influence of the external qi of qigong on the radioactive decay rate of 214 AM
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Zhang Tianbao, Wang Haidong, Zhu Runsheng
The External Qi Experiments from the United States to Beijing, China
Lu, Zuyin, Zhu, Runsheng, Ren, Guoxiao, Hu, Juyou
Measurements of the effect of external qi on the polarization plane of a linearly polarized laser beam
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Yan Sixian, Li Shengpin
Observations of the bromination reaction in n-hexane and bromine system under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Yang Zengjia, Lu Zuyin
Observation of the effect of external Qi on the ultraviolet absorption of nucleic acids
Yan Xin, Zheng Changxue, Zhou Guangye, Lu Zuyin
An experimental study on ultra-long distance (2,000km) effects of the external qi of qigong on the molecular structure of matter
Li Shengping, Meng Guirong, Sun MengYin, Cui Yuanhao, Yan Sixian, Yan Xin
The effect of external qi of qigong on the liposome phase behavior
Yan Xin, Zhao Nanming, Ying Changcheng, Lu Zuyin
Laser Raman observation on tap water saline, glucose and medemycine solutions under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shenhping, Yu Jianyuan, Li Baike, Lu Zuyin
The observation of effect of external qi of qigong on synthesis gas system
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Liu Chongwei, Hu Jinggue, Mao Shanhong, Lu Zuyin
Science, Skeptics and Yan Xin Qigong
The First National Conference on the Bigu Manifestation, Health Effects and Scientific Research of Yan Xin Qigong
Rustum Roy, Yi Fang
Ms. Sun Chu-lin: the outstanding gift to be studied
Savely Savva
Biofield and a cybernetic model of the organism: suggestion for empirical study
Savely Savva
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
NIH and the Harkin Directive: Subtle Energies and Social Policy
Stephan A. Schwartz
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Mental Influence on Genes, Mutations and Evolution
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Psi Healing and Related Evidence: Implications Beyond Individual Treatment
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Intuitive Assessments
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Scientific Studies of Qigong
Subtle Realms of Healing
Marilyn Schlitz and Nada Lewis
Spiritual Healing as the Energy Side of Einstein's Equation
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Bioelectromagnetics: Energy Medicine - A Challenge for Science
by Beverly Rubik
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health
Gloria Alvino
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health - part II
Gloria Alvino
The Meridian System and the Mechanism of Acupuncture
Charles Shang
Yan Xin Qigong, Science and Practice
Dr. Hui Lin and Dr. Hong Jiang
Relaxation induced by Microwave Resonance Therapy: EEG Correlates
By Dejan Radenovic1, Dejan Rakovic1, 2 , Zlata Jovanovic-Ignjatic3, Milorad Tomasevic4, Vlada Radivojevic5, Emil Jovanov 1, 6
Bioelectromagnetics: the Question of Subtle Energies
by Jan Walleczek
The Past, Present and Future of the Electrodermal Screening System
Prof. Julia J. Tsuei MD, F.A.C.O.G.
"What is Imagery, and How does It Work?"
Martin L. Rossman, MD
Personalized Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D.
Dynamics of Visualization and Imagery Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
Beliefs, Attitudes and Expectations: the Relationship between Personality and Cancer
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
"Empirical evidence supporting macro-scale quantum holography in non-local effects"
M. Sue Benford
"Spin Doctors": A new paradigm theorizing the mechanism of bioenergy healing
M. Sue Benford, R.N., M.A.
"Idiopathic thermogenesis: potential origin and mechanism of action"
M. Sue Benford
"An overview of microwave resonance therapy and EEG correlates of microwave resonance relaxation and other consciousness altering techniques"
D. Rakovic, Z. Jovanovic-Ignjatic, D. Radenovic, M. Tomasevic, E. Jovanov, V. Radivojevic, Z. Martinovic, P. Sukovic, M. Car, L. Skaric
Psychoneuroimmunology
review by Klazien Matter-Walstra
"Biofeedback: review, history and application"
Donald E. O'Hair, Ph. D.
"Guidance for health professionals using meditation: clinical effects of meditation"
from Meditations for Life
"The effects of Hemi-Sync on electrocortical activity: a review of three empirical studies"
by M. R. Sadigh, PhD, Director of Psychology, The Gateway Institute
and P. W. Kozicky, MD, Founder and Director, The Gateway Institute
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert
US News, January 2000
"Electromagnetic Therapy"
Cyril Smith
"Nervous System"
Roger Jahnke O.M.D.
"The Way of Qigong"
Ken Cohen
Radionics: science or magic?
George Dimitriou
The DNA Phantom Effect
Dr. Vladimir Poponin
"Biofield Therapeutics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Bioelectromagnetics"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"Imagery"
from: "Alternative Medicine, Expanding Medical Horizons", a report to the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health on Alternative Medical systems and Practices in the US
"The field resonance approach in medicine"
Dr Jens Jerndal
Dr. Yan Xin on Scientific Qigong Research
International Yan Xin Qigong Association
The influence of the external qi of qigong on the radioactive decay rate of 214 AM
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Zhang Tianbao, Wang Haidong, Zhu Runsheng
The External Qi Experiments from the United States to Beijing, China
Lu, Zuyin, Zhu, Runsheng, Ren, Guoxiao, Hu, Juyou
Measurements of the effect of external qi on the polarization plane of a linearly polarized laser beam
Yan Xin, Lu Zuyin, Yan Sixian, Li Shengpin
Observations of the bromination reaction in n-hexane and bromine system under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Yang Zengjia, Lu Zuyin
Observation of the effect of external Qi on the ultraviolet absorption of nucleic acids
Yan Xin, Zheng Changxue, Zhou Guangye, Lu Zuyin
An experimental study on ultra-long distance (2,000km) effects of the external qi of qigong on the molecular structure of matter
Li Shengping, Meng Guirong, Sun MengYin, Cui Yuanhao, Yan Sixian, Yan Xin
The effect of external qi of qigong on the liposome phase behavior
Yan Xin, Zhao Nanming, Ying Changcheng, Lu Zuyin
Laser Raman observation on tap water saline, glucose and medemycine solutions under the influence of the external qi of qigong
Yan Xin, Li Shenhping, Yu Jianyuan, Li Baike, Lu Zuyin
The observation of effect of external qi of qigong on synthesis gas system
Yan Xin, Li Shengping, Liu Chongwei, Hu Jinggue, Mao Shanhong, Lu Zuyin
Science, Skeptics and Yan Xin Qigong
The First National Conference on the Bigu Manifestation, Health Effects and Scientific Research of Yan Xin Qigong
Rustum Roy, Yi Fang
Ms. Sun Chu-lin: the outstanding gift to be studied
Savely Savva
Biofield and a cybernetic model of the organism: suggestion for empirical study
Savely Savva
On the Possible Mechanism of Intent in Paranormal Phenomena
Lian G. Sidorov
The Roots of Consciousness (The Biological Perspective)
Jeffrey Mishlove, PhD
NIH and the Harkin Directive: Subtle Energies and Social Policy
Stephan A. Schwartz
Project Tesla: Wireless Transmission of Power (Resonating Planet Earth)
Toby Grotz
An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory to Accelerate Breakthroughs in Disease Process Research
by Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May and Jessica Utts
What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
Mental Influence on Genes, Mutations and Evolution
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Psi Healing and Related Evidence: Implications Beyond Individual Treatment
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Intuitive Assessments
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Scientific Studies of Qigong
Subtle Realms of Healing
Marilyn Schlitz and Nada Lewis
Spiritual Healing as the Energy Side of Einstein's Equation
Daniel J. Benor, MD
Bioelectromagnetics: Energy Medicine - A Challenge for Science
by Beverly Rubik
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health
Gloria Alvino
The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health - part II
Gloria Alvino
The Meridian System and the Mechanism of Acupuncture
Charles Shang
Yan Xin Qigong, Science and Practice
Dr. Hui Lin and Dr. Hong Jiang
Relaxation induced by Microwave Resonance Therapy: EEG Correlates
By Dejan Radenovic1, Dejan Rakovic1, 2 , Zlata Jovanovic-Ignjatic3, Milorad Tomasevic4, Vlada Radivojevic5, Emil Jovanov 1, 6
Bioelectromagnetics: the Question of Subtle Energies
by Jan Walleczek
The Past, Present and Future of the Electrodermal Screening System
Prof. Julia J. Tsuei MD, F.A.C.O.G.
"What is Imagery, and How does It Work?"
Martin L. Rossman, MD
Personalized Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D.
Dynamics of Visualization and Imagery Therapy
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
Beliefs, Attitudes and Expectations: the Relationship between Personality and Cancer
Patricia Norris, Ph.D
"Empirical evidence supporting macro-scale quantum holography in non-local effects"
M. Sue Benford
"Spin Doctors": A new paradigm theorizing the mechanism of bioenergy healing
M. Sue Benford, R.N., M.A.
"Idiopathic thermogenesis: potential origin and mechanism of action"
M. Sue Benford
"An overview of microwave resonance therapy and EEG correlates of microwave resonance relaxation and other consciousness altering techniques"
D. Rakovic, Z. Jovanovic-Ignjatic, D. Radenovic, M. Tomasevic, E. Jovanov, V. Radivojevic, Z. Martinovic, P. Sukovic, M. Car, L. Skaric
Psychoneuroimmunology
review by Klazien Matter-Walstra
"Biofeedback: review, history and application"
Donald E. O'Hair, Ph. D.
"Guidance for health professionals using meditation: clinical effects of meditation"
from Meditations for Life
"The effects of Hemi-Sync on electrocortical activity: a review of three empirical studies"
by M. R. Sadigh, PhD, Director of Psychology, The Gateway Institute
and P. W. Kozicky, MD, Founder and Director, The Gateway Institute
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert
US News, January 2000
Transpersonal Psychology
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Outline of an Integral Psychology
Ken Wilber
The Holotropic Therapy System
Peter A. Jackson
Alternative Cosmologies and Altered States
Stanislav Grof
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
"Look for truth no matter where it takes you: F. David Peat on David Bohm, Krishnamurti and himself"
interview by Simeon Alev, 1995
"Absolutely not!" an interview with Stephen Batchelor
Andrew Cohen, 1998
"In the meantime": an interview with Frances Vaugham
Susan Bridle, 1998
"The man with two heads: a two part interview with Sheik Ragip/Robert Frager"
Craig Hamilton, 2000 "Orchestrating our many selves: Jean Houston on the fallacy of self-mastery"
Amy Edelstein, 1999
"No independent existence: an interview with His Holiness the Dalai Lama"
Amy Edelstein, 1998
"Can science enlighten us? Science, spirituality and the revelation of the Unknown"
Andrew Cohen, 1997
"The roar of the timeless Beyond": an interview with Peter Masefield
Simeon Alev, 1998
"Integrating the Big Bang: an interview with Michael Murphy"
Andrew Cohen, 1999
"Kundalini signs and symptoms"
El Collie
"Mantra: the potency of sound"
Georg Feuerstein
"Does recurrent isolated sleep paralysis involve more than cognitive neurosciences?"
Jean-Christophe Terrillon, PhD and Sirley Marques-Bonham, PhD
"Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, 1990
"Maybe angels: a confluence of imagination and rational enquiry", an interview with Rupert Sheldrake
Hal Blacker, 1995 " Who is Ajja? A meeting with the Absolute"
an interview by Andrew Cohen, 1998
"A spirituality that transforms"
Ken Wilber, 1997
Outline of an Integral Psychology
Ken Wilber
The Holotropic Therapy System
Peter A. Jackson
Alternative Cosmologies and Altered States
Stanislav Grof
On Jungian Transpersonal Psychology, Psychokinesis, Precognition and Remote-Viewing in Post-Modern Physics
Jack Sarfatti and Victor Mansfield
On the Quantum Psychodynamics of Dreams
Mark Germine
Subtle Connections: Psi, Grof, Jung and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
"Look for truth no matter where it takes you: F. David Peat on David Bohm, Krishnamurti and himself"
interview by Simeon Alev, 1995
"Absolutely not!" an interview with Stephen Batchelor
Andrew Cohen, 1998
"In the meantime": an interview with Frances Vaugham
Susan Bridle, 1998
"The man with two heads: a two part interview with Sheik Ragip/Robert Frager"
Craig Hamilton, 2000 "Orchestrating our many selves: Jean Houston on the fallacy of self-mastery"
Amy Edelstein, 1999
"No independent existence: an interview with His Holiness the Dalai Lama"
Amy Edelstein, 1998
"Can science enlighten us? Science, spirituality and the revelation of the Unknown"
Andrew Cohen, 1997
"The roar of the timeless Beyond": an interview with Peter Masefield
Simeon Alev, 1998
"Integrating the Big Bang: an interview with Michael Murphy"
Andrew Cohen, 1999
"Kundalini signs and symptoms"
El Collie
"Mantra: the potency of sound"
Georg Feuerstein
"Does recurrent isolated sleep paralysis involve more than cognitive neurosciences?"
Jean-Christophe Terrillon, PhD and Sirley Marques-Bonham, PhD
"Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, 1990
"Maybe angels: a confluence of imagination and rational enquiry", an interview with Rupert Sheldrake
Hal Blacker, 1995 " Who is Ajja? A meeting with the Absolute"
an interview by Andrew Cohen, 1998
"A spirituality that transforms"
Ken Wilber, 1997
Cognitive Science
The Specious Present: a Neurophenomenology of Time Consciousness
Francisco J. Varela
Correlational Opponent Processing: A Unifying Principle
Blue, Ronald C. & Blue, Wanda E.
Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more conventional models of neural computation
Jeff Prideaux
Bipolar Spectral Associative Memories
R. Spencer
Quantum Dynamic Networks, Chaotic Solitons and Emergent Structures in Subcellular Processes: Possible Implications for Learning, Memory and Cognition
Martin J. Dudziak, PhD
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Experimental Model for Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine, M.D.
Dissipation and Memory Capacity in the Quantum Brain Model
Giuseppe Vitiello (with comments by Jack Safartti)
Status Report: Quantum Holography and the Brain
Karl H. Pribram
Interviewing Edgar Mitchell
By Joel Metzger
On the Methodology of EEG Analysis During altered States of Consciousness
Emil Jovanov
A model of consciousness: an engineering approach
Emil Jovanov
"Thalamocortical foundations of conscious experience"
James Newman
"Consciousness involves noncomputable ingredients"
Roger Penrose
"Funda-Mentality: is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?"
Stuart Hameroff
"A Sonoran Afternoon: a Stuart Hameroff/ Alwyn Scott dialogue" "A novel pathway into brain dynamics"
Walter J. Freeman, MD, 1991
"Feasibility of macroscopic quantum mechanisms in the brain"
Stuart Hameroff
"Testable predictions - experimental approaches"
Scott Hagan
"Quantum field theoretical approaches to consciousness"
Scott Hagan
"A neural attentional model for access to consciousness"
James Newman and Bernard Baars, 1993
"The effect of silent thinking on the cerebral cortex"
Sir John Eccles
"Protein tactilization/percolation, electron superposition/conformation and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation"
Michael Conrad
"Symposium on Roger Penrose's Shadows of the mind"Psyche, Vol. 2
"Beyond the doubting of a shadow"
Roger Penrose, 1996
"The emperor's new mind, by Roger Penrose"
book review by Kelley L. Ross 1996
"Willed action: a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task",
Fahmeed Hyder, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Christopher J. Wiggins, Kevin S. Labar, Andrew M. Blamire, and Robert G. Shulman
"Why classical mechanics cannot naturally accommodate consciousness but quantum mechanics can"
Henry P. Stapp, 1995
"Whiteheadian process and quantum theory of mind"
Henry P. Stapp, 1998
The Rediscovery of the Mind by John Searle"
Reviewed by Thomas Nagel, 1993
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert, 2000
Self and binding"
Matti Pitkanen, 1999 "Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, Ph.D., 1990
"Prediction and internal feedback in conscious perception"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1996
"On the End of a Quantum Mechanical Romance"
Gregory R. Mulhauser, 1995
"Change of paradigms in consciousness research"
R. Hernegger, 1995
"On the neural correlates of consciousness"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1997
Francisco J. Varela
Correlational Opponent Processing: A Unifying Principle
Blue, Ronald C. & Blue, Wanda E.
Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more conventional models of neural computation
Jeff Prideaux
Bipolar Spectral Associative Memories
R. Spencer
Quantum Dynamic Networks, Chaotic Solitons and Emergent Structures in Subcellular Processes: Possible Implications for Learning, Memory and Cognition
Martin J. Dudziak, PhD
Consciousness: Chaotic and Strangely Attractive
Allan Combs
Experimental Model for Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
Why Time Moves Forward
Mark Germine, M.D.
Dissipation and Memory Capacity in the Quantum Brain Model
Giuseppe Vitiello (with comments by Jack Safartti)
Status Report: Quantum Holography and the Brain
Karl H. Pribram
Interviewing Edgar Mitchell
By Joel Metzger
On the Methodology of EEG Analysis During altered States of Consciousness
Emil Jovanov
A model of consciousness: an engineering approach
Emil Jovanov
"Thalamocortical foundations of conscious experience"
James Newman
"Consciousness involves noncomputable ingredients"
Roger Penrose
"Funda-Mentality: is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?"
Stuart Hameroff
"A Sonoran Afternoon: a Stuart Hameroff/ Alwyn Scott dialogue" "A novel pathway into brain dynamics"
Walter J. Freeman, MD, 1991
"Feasibility of macroscopic quantum mechanisms in the brain"
Stuart Hameroff
"Testable predictions - experimental approaches"
Scott Hagan
"Quantum field theoretical approaches to consciousness"
Scott Hagan
"A neural attentional model for access to consciousness"
James Newman and Bernard Baars, 1993
"The effect of silent thinking on the cerebral cortex"
Sir John Eccles
"Protein tactilization/percolation, electron superposition/conformation and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation"
Michael Conrad
"Symposium on Roger Penrose's Shadows of the mind"Psyche, Vol. 2
"Beyond the doubting of a shadow"
Roger Penrose, 1996
"The emperor's new mind, by Roger Penrose"
book review by Kelley L. Ross 1996
"Willed action: a functional MRI study of the human prefrontal cortex during a sensorimotor task",
Fahmeed Hyder, Elizabeth A. Phelps, Christopher J. Wiggins, Kevin S. Labar, Andrew M. Blamire, and Robert G. Shulman
"Why classical mechanics cannot naturally accommodate consciousness but quantum mechanics can"
Henry P. Stapp, 1995
"Whiteheadian process and quantum theory of mind"
Henry P. Stapp, 1998
The Rediscovery of the Mind by John Searle"
Reviewed by Thomas Nagel, 1993
"Rodolfo Llinas: a grand unification theory of the brain"
Wray Herbert, 2000
Self and binding"
Matti Pitkanen, 1999 "Lucid dreaming: psychophysiological studies of consciousness during REM sleep"
Stephen LaBerge, Ph.D., 1990
"Prediction and internal feedback in conscious perception"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1996
"On the End of a Quantum Mechanical Romance"
Gregory R. Mulhauser, 1995
"Change of paradigms in consciousness research"
R. Hernegger, 1995
"On the neural correlates of consciousness"
Rodney M. J. Cotterill, 1997
Biology
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
"About the Coherence of Biophotons"
Fritz-Albert Popp
"Gaia and the Evolution of Coherence"
Mae-Wan Ho and Fritz-Albert Popp
"The Biology of Free Will"
Mae-Wan Ho
"Biophysical aspects of the Psychic situation"
Fritz-Albert Popp
Self-Organization Within Complex Quantum States
Andrej Detela
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
David Bohm: A Life of Dialogue Between Science and Spirit
by William Keepin
"Quantum Vitalism"
Stuart Hameroff
"A quantum explanation of Sheldrake's morphic resonance"
Amit Goswami
"Comparison of TGD based theory of self-organization with the ideas of Rupert Sheldrake"
Matti Pitkanen
Morphogenesis resources - glossary of terms
"Morphogenetic fields and beyond"
Robert Gilmore, Context Institute
"More on morphogenetic fields"
Co-intelligence Institute
"Rupert Sheldrake: a theosophical appraisal"
David Pratt
"Memory and morphogenetic fields"
Robert Gilman
"About the Coherence of Biophotons"
Fritz-Albert Popp
"Gaia and the Evolution of Coherence"
Mae-Wan Ho and Fritz-Albert Popp
"The Biology of Free Will"
Mae-Wan Ho
"Biophysical aspects of the Psychic situation"
Fritz-Albert Popp
Self-Organization Within Complex Quantum States
Andrej Detela
The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
David Bohm: A Life of Dialogue Between Science and Spirit
by William Keepin
"Quantum Vitalism"
Stuart Hameroff
"A quantum explanation of Sheldrake's morphic resonance"
Amit Goswami
"Comparison of TGD based theory of self-organization with the ideas of Rupert Sheldrake"
Matti Pitkanen
Morphogenesis resources - glossary of terms
"Morphogenetic fields and beyond"
Robert Gilmore, Context Institute
"More on morphogenetic fields"
Co-intelligence Institute
"Rupert Sheldrake: a theosophical appraisal"
David Pratt
"Memory and morphogenetic fields"
Robert Gilman
Theoretical Milestones
I. Toward a unified model of matter and consciousness
Further papers on these two models available at:
http://blues.helsinki.fi/~matpitka/ (Topological Geometrodynamics)
http://kftt.karelia.ru/~alexk (Alex Kaivarainen's homepage)
Ia. The Penrose-Hameroff model of Orchestrated Objective Reduction: is experience
inherent in the physical world?
Ib. Non-linear dynamics and the brain: consciousness as an emergent phenomenon?
IIb. Superstrings versus spinor networks: toward a unified theory
- Topological GeometroDynamics (TGD) and consciousness tutorial
http://www.physics.helsinki.fi/~matpitka/articles/nutshellc.html
- TGD-inspired Theory of Consciousness
Matti Pitkanen
URL: http://www.emergentmind.org/pitkanen_II.htm
- Biosystems as Macroscopic Quantum Systems
Matti Pitkanen
URL: http://www.emergentmind.org/pitkanen_III.htm
- Macrotemporal Quantum Coherence, Quantum Spin Glass Degeneracy and Number Theoretic Information Concept by Matti Pitkanen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/PDF_files.htm/qcohe12.PDF
Appendix: Two-Dimensional Illustrations Related to the Many-Sheeted Space-Time Concept
URL: www.emergentmind.org/PitkanenII(1)c.htm
- Biosystems as conscious holograms by Matti Pitkanen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/PDF_files.htm/conscholo0302.PDF
- A model for remote mental interactions
Matti Pitkanen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/pitkanenI2a.htm
- Manysheeted DNA
Matti Pitkanen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/PitkanenI3.htm
- Virtual Replica of Matter in Bivacuum & Possible Mechanism of Distant Mind-Matter and Mind-Mind Interaction
Alex Kaivarainen
URL: http://www.emergentmind.org/kaivarainen_I.htm
- Hierarchic model of consciousness: from molecular Bose condensation to synaptic reorganization
Alex Kaivarainen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/kaivarainenI2.htm
Further papers on these two models available at:
http://blues.helsinki.fi/~matpitka/ (Topological Geometrodynamics)
http://kftt.karelia.ru/~alexk (Alex Kaivarainen's homepage)
Ia. The Penrose-Hameroff model of Orchestrated Objective Reduction: is experience
inherent in the physical world?
Ib. Non-linear dynamics and the brain: consciousness as an emergent phenomenon?
- "Consciousness involves noncomputable ingredients"
Roger Penrose
from The Third Culture
URL: http://www.edge.org/documents/ThirdCulture/v-Ch.14.html
- "Why Classical Mechanics Cannot Naturally Accommodate Consciousness but Quantum
Mechanics Can"
Henry P. Stapp, 1995
PSYCHE, 2(5), May 1995
URL: http://psyche.cs.monash.edu.au/v2/psyche-2-05-stapp.html
- "Feasibility of Macroscopic Quantum Mechanics in the Brain"
Stuart Hameroff
URL: http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/quantum/week7a.htm
- "Quantum field theoretical approaches to consciousness", Scott Hagan
URL: http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/quantum/Lecture7.htm
- Correlational Opponent Processing: A Unifying Principle
Blue, Ronald C. & Blue, Wanda E.
URL: http://msnhomepages.talkcity.com/LaGrangeLn/ronaldblue/COPTHEORY.html
- "Self and binding"
Matti Pitkanen, 1999
URL: http://blues.helsinki.fi/~matpitka/selfbind.html - "Funda-Mentality: is the conscious mind subtly linked to a basic level of the universe?"
Stuart Hameroff
URL: http://cogprints.soton.ac.uk/archives/phil/papers/199811/199811004/doc.html/tics.html
- "A Sonoran Afternoon: a Stuart Hameroff/ Alwyn Scott dialogue"
URL: http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/sonoran.htm
- A Model of Consciousness: An Engineering Approach, by Emil Jovanov
URL: http://www.vxm.com/21R.125.html
- On the Methodology of EEG Analysis During altered States of Consciousness
Emil Jovanov
URL: http://www.vxm.com
(Note: this is an embedded file - please search for title under the Link section
of 21st Archives) - "Thalamocortical foundations of conscious experience", James Newman
URL: http://www.phil.vt.edu/assc/newman
- Self-Organization Within Complex Quantum States
Andrej Detela
URL: http://ciiiweb.ijs.si/dialogues/r-detela.htm
(Note: for some reason we cannot seem to create a hyperlink to this paper. Please enter
it by hand on your address bar: it is well worth the effort!)
- "Whiteheadian Process and Quantum Theory of Mind"
Henry P. Stapp, 1998
URL: http://members.aol.com/Mszlazak/WhiteheadQT.html
IIb. Superstrings versus spinor networks: toward a unified theory
- "Interpretations of quantum mechanics and the nature of reality"
Scott Hagan
URL: http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/quantum/Library/qmlecture2.htm
- "The second superstring revolution" - report on the latest developments in superstring
theory
Prof. John H. Schwarz, Caltech
URL: http://theory.caltech.edu/people/jhs/strings/index.htm
- "The Central Programme of twistor theory" Roger Penrose, 1999
URL: file://C:\WINDOWS\TEMP\FrontPageTempDir\a012.jpg
- "The future of spin networks"
New Physics Reviews, Volume 1, Number 2, Version 0.1
URL: http://www.qedcorp.com/pcr/pcr/NPR2.htm
- On Quantum Mechanics and the Implicate Order: an Interview with Dr. Basil J. Hiley
interview conducted by Mitja Perus
National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
URL: http://goertzel.org/dynapsyc/1997/interview.html
- Comparison between Karl Pribram's "Holographic Brain Theory" and more
conventional models of neural computation
Jeff Prideaux
URL: http://www.acsa2000.net/bcngroup/jponkp/ - Experimental Model for Collapse of the Quantum Wavefunction
Mark Germine
URL: http://www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/1998/collapse.html
- "A new theory of the relationship of mind and matter", by David Bohm,
reprinted from Philosophical Psychology, 1990
URL: http://members.aol.com/Mszlazak/BOHM.html
- David Bohm: A Life of Dialogue Between Science and Spirit
by William Keepin
Noetic Sciences Review, Vol. 30, Summer 1994, pages 10-16, (IONS)
URL: http://www.noetic.org/Ions/archivelisting.asp
- "A quantum explanation of Sheldrake's morphic resonance"
Amit Goswami
URL: http://www.swcp.com/swc/Essays/Sheldrake.html
- "Comparison of TGD based theory of self-organization with the ideas
of Rupert Sheldrake"
Matti Pitkanen
URL: http://blues.helsinki.fi/~matpitka/sheld.html
- "Quantum Vitalism", Stuart Hameroff
URL: http://www.consciousness.arizona.edu/quantum/week8.htm
- What is Healing Energy?
James L. Oschman, PhD
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, April 1997 Note: this link may not be permanent (sample articles rotated periodically). Please contact
author or Journal for reprints if page not found
- Biosystems Liquid Crystals and Potential Effects of Natural and Artificial
Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs)
James B. Beal, EMF Interface Consulting
- Experimental Evidence Suggestive of Anomalous Consciousness Interactions
Deborah L. Delanoy
URL: http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/psi/delanoy/delanoy.html
- Control systems, transduction arrays and psi healing: an experimental basis
for human potential science
Lian Sidorov
URL: www.emergentmind.org/sidorovI2.htm
- A model for remote mental interactions
Matti Pitkanen
URL: www.emergentmind.org/pitkanenI2a.htm
- The wave, probabilistic and linguistic representation of Cancer and HIV
Peter P. Gariaev, George G. Tertishny, Katherine A. Leonova
URL: www.emergentmind.org/gariaevI2.htm
- A Two-Worlds Model for Consciousness
Ralph H. Abraham
URL: http://www.esalenctr.org/pdf/ACF418.pdf?submit=Read
- The Theory of Enformed Systems: A Paradigm of Organization and Holistic Systems
Donald E. Watson, Gary E. R. Schwartz, Linda G. S. Russek
URL: http://www.vxm.com/link.enformytheory.html
- "Link theory and PSI"
Richard Shoup
URL: http://www.boundaryinstitute.org/articles/Link%20Theory%20and%20Psi.pdf
(Note: for more on Link Theory, see Boundary Institute)
- Physical theories of Psi
from the Koestler Chair of Parapsychology site
URL: http://moebius.psy.ed.ac.uk/Physical_H.html - "Managing the target pool bandwidth: noise reduction for anomalous cognition
experiments", 1994
Edwin C. May, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Christine L. James
URL: http://www.jsasoc.com/docs/Target-bandwidth.pdf - "Decision Augmentation Theory: Toward a Model of Anomalous Mental Phenomena" 1996
Edwin C. May, Jessica M. Utts and S. James P. Spottiswoode
URL: http://www.jsasoc.com/docs/DAT-I.pdf - "Nature's mind: the quantum hologram"
Edgar Mitchell, Sc. D. , (1999?)
URL: http://www.accessnv.com/nids/articles/naturesmind-qh.html
- On Complexity and Pragmatism
Dean Radin, Ph. D.
URL: http://www.vxm.com/21R.99.html
- Toward a New/Old Humanism: Transitional States of Consciousness as a Clue?
Dejan Rakovic
URL: http://www.vxm.com/21R.126.html
- "Physics and parapsychology"
Dick J. Bierman
Journal of Indian Psychology 7(2), 1-17, 1985
URL: http://www.psy.uva.nl/resedu/pn/PUBS/BIERMAN/1985/pp.html
- "An assessment of the evidence for psychic functioning"
Prof. Jessica Utts
Division of Statistics, University of California,Davis
URL: http://anson.ucdavis.edu/~utts/air2.html
- "The Challenge of consciousness Research"
Brian D. Josephson and Beverly A. Rubik
Frontier Perspectives 3(1), 15-19, 1992
URL: http://www.tcm.phy.cam.ac.uk/~bdj10/mm/articles/athens.html
- "Distant Intentionality and Healing"
Larry Dossey, M.D.
see Research Leads page
- "The Past, Present and Future of the Electrodermal Screening System"
Prof. Julia J. Tsuei, MD, F.A.C.O.G.
URL: http://www.healthy.net/asp/templates/article.asp?PageType=Article&ID=1086
- "Spin Doctors": A new paradigm theorizing the mechanism of bioenergy healing
M. Sue Benford, R.N., M.A.
Journal of Theoretics, June/July 1999, Vol. !, No. 2
URL: http://www.journaloftheoretics.com/articles/1%2D2/benford.html
- The Human Energy Field in Relation to Science, Consciousness and Health
Gloria Alvino
URL: http://www.vxm.com/21R.43.html
- "An overview of microwave resonance therapy and EEG correlates of microwave
resonance relaxation and other consciousness altering techniques"
D. Rakovic, Z. Jovanovic-Ignjatic, D. Radenovic, M. Tomasevic, E. Jovanov, V. Radivojevic, Z. Martinovic, P. Sukovic, M. Car, L. Skaric
10th International Congress on Stress, Montreux, Switzerland, 1999
URL: http://www.iasc-bg.org.yu/Papers/Montre-99/Montre99.htm
- Very highly recommended: "Zen and the brain", by James H. Austin, M.D. - for an
in-depth study of the short and long-term neurophysiological changes associated with
meditation. MIT Press, 1998
- The Holotropic Therapy System
Peter A. Jackson
URL: http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Villa/5484/Grof.html
- Outline of an Integral Psychology
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/psych_model/psych_model1.cfm/xid,3943319/yid,14274195
- "Orchestrating our many selves: Jean Houston on the fallacy of self-mastery"
Amy Edelstein
What is Enlightenment, Vol 15, 1999
URL: http://www.wie.org/j15/houston.html
- "Absolutely not!",an interview with Stephen Batchelor
Andrew Cohen
What is Enlightenment?, Vol14, 1998
URL: http://www.wie.org/j14/batch.html
- "Integrating the Big Bang: an interview with Michael Murphy"
Andrew Cohen
What is Enlightenment?, Vol. 15 1999
URL: http://www.wie.org/j15/murphy.html
Qualia - Holographic Paradigm
A Network of Perspectives on the Holographic Paradigm
So what does it all mean?
If our minds can transcend space and time, the memory of the individual and that of the species, if we can reach into the fabric of matter and "blow for luck" over God's handful of dice - what does it mean, at the end of the day?
These links will lead you to a number of possible answers. And, you will notice - the answers are beginning to look less and less like the formalism we've seen up to this point: they are increasingly of the nature of "qualia", or experience: the experience of consciousness within the Hologram.
Is the world infinitely knowable? But there are infinitely many ways to choose a world line within the matrix of this mind-matter continuum... This is, and has always been, the aim of physics: to find that privileged, external point of view from which a global snapshot of Reality could be taken and framed for all posterity. But should this form of "omniscience" represent our ultimate goal? Is that the highest wisdom we are capable of?... Perhaps the final question will have to be this, then: is the world truly knowable from the outside - does a global view mean ultimate knowledge?
Were it all so simple as that vision of cathartic (almost apocalyptic, one is tempted to say) Oneness!... But if we acknowledge the ego's instinctive resistance to self-integration, shouldn't we suspect as much of a cultural barrier?
Such ambiguous details are generally too trivial to warrant consideration by those busy leading the course of scientific and social revolutions. Thus, it is left to the playful, irresponsible, trouble-making spirits at the back of the marching column to pick up the moral debris - and in so doing, try to keep humanity whole.
As we are groping for significance on the threshold of this "transpersonal metamorphosis", clinging onto every new scientific headline and psychotherapeutic method, perhaps we should try to once in a while remember the wisdom of those who first gave us a taste of being human: humble poets, itinerant monks, and the rest of the wretched, unruly bunch who never thought of anything but sounding out the experience of being alive.
To them especially we say: this is your instrument - come out and play!
Links:
I. An Expanding Consciousness
1. T.A.S.T.E.
Charles T. TartURL: http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/tart/taste
or
URL: www.issc-taste.org
II. The Sound of Metamorphosis
1. Of Statues and Sand
Lian Sidorov
URL: http://www.emergentmind.org/statues
2. Poems on Buddhist and other themesYoxi
URL: http://www.yoxi.net/yoxititl.html
3. Phoenix
Dale J. Sprague
URL: http://www.nwlink.com/~phoenix
4. The End of Enchantment
Gerry and Malou Zeitllin
URL: http://www.zeitlin.net/EndEnchantment/index.html
III. In Teilhard's Steps
1. Gaia, Our living, Awakening Earth
Chris Schefler
URL: http://www.webcom.com/gaia
2. The ABCs of Conscious Creation: Foundations of Thought
from Ten Thousand Whispers by Lynda Dahl
URL: http://newworldview.com/library/Dahl_L_ABCs.html
3. Seth/Jane Roberts: A Conceptual Overview
Paul M. Helfrich
URL: http://newworldview.com/library/Helfrich_P_Seth_Jane_Concept_Overview.html
4. Seth's Concept
Andy Hughes
URL: http://www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/seth.html
5. To See a World: Art and the I of the Beholder
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/tosewo.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
6. A ticket to Athens
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/pathwa_titoat.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
7. The Eye of Spirit
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/eyspir_chapter.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
8. Monumentally, Gloriously, Divinely Big Egos
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/ontast_mogobi.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
9. Foreword to "The Mission of Art" by Alex Grey
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/miart_foreword.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
So what does it all mean?
If our minds can transcend space and time, the memory of the individual and that of the species, if we can reach into the fabric of matter and "blow for luck" over God's handful of dice - what does it mean, at the end of the day?
These links will lead you to a number of possible answers. And, you will notice - the answers are beginning to look less and less like the formalism we've seen up to this point: they are increasingly of the nature of "qualia", or experience: the experience of consciousness within the Hologram.
Is the world infinitely knowable? But there are infinitely many ways to choose a world line within the matrix of this mind-matter continuum... This is, and has always been, the aim of physics: to find that privileged, external point of view from which a global snapshot of Reality could be taken and framed for all posterity. But should this form of "omniscience" represent our ultimate goal? Is that the highest wisdom we are capable of?... Perhaps the final question will have to be this, then: is the world truly knowable from the outside - does a global view mean ultimate knowledge?
Were it all so simple as that vision of cathartic (almost apocalyptic, one is tempted to say) Oneness!... But if we acknowledge the ego's instinctive resistance to self-integration, shouldn't we suspect as much of a cultural barrier?
Such ambiguous details are generally too trivial to warrant consideration by those busy leading the course of scientific and social revolutions. Thus, it is left to the playful, irresponsible, trouble-making spirits at the back of the marching column to pick up the moral debris - and in so doing, try to keep humanity whole.
As we are groping for significance on the threshold of this "transpersonal metamorphosis", clinging onto every new scientific headline and psychotherapeutic method, perhaps we should try to once in a while remember the wisdom of those who first gave us a taste of being human: humble poets, itinerant monks, and the rest of the wretched, unruly bunch who never thought of anything but sounding out the experience of being alive.
To them especially we say: this is your instrument - come out and play!
Links:
I. An Expanding Consciousness
1. T.A.S.T.E.
Charles T. TartURL: http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/tart/taste
or
URL: www.issc-taste.org
II. The Sound of Metamorphosis
1. Of Statues and Sand
Lian Sidorov
URL: http://www.emergentmind.org/statues
2. Poems on Buddhist and other themesYoxi
URL: http://www.yoxi.net/yoxititl.html
3. Phoenix
Dale J. Sprague
URL: http://www.nwlink.com/~phoenix
4. The End of Enchantment
Gerry and Malou Zeitllin
URL: http://www.zeitlin.net/EndEnchantment/index.html
III. In Teilhard's Steps
1. Gaia, Our living, Awakening Earth
Chris Schefler
URL: http://www.webcom.com/gaia
2. The ABCs of Conscious Creation: Foundations of Thought
from Ten Thousand Whispers by Lynda Dahl
URL: http://newworldview.com/library/Dahl_L_ABCs.html
3. Seth/Jane Roberts: A Conceptual Overview
Paul M. Helfrich
URL: http://newworldview.com/library/Helfrich_P_Seth_Jane_Concept_Overview.html
4. Seth's Concept
Andy Hughes
URL: http://www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/seth.html
5. To See a World: Art and the I of the Beholder
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/tosewo.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
6. A ticket to Athens
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/misc/pathwa_titoat.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
7. The Eye of Spirit
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/eyspir_chapter.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
8. Monumentally, Gloriously, Divinely Big Egos
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/ontast_mogobi.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
9. Foreword to "The Mission of Art" by Alex Grey
Ken Wilber
URL: http://wilber.shambhala.com/html/books/miart_foreword.cfm/xid,5038958/yid,95447535
Advisors
Daniel J. Benor, MD
International Journal of Healing and Caring
www.WholisticHealingResearch.com
www.ijhc.org
Savely Savva, MS
Monterey Institute for the Study of Alternative Healing Arts
www.whps.com/misaha
Participants' List The Rhine Research Center www.rhine.org Dean Radin, PhD
www.boundaryinstitute.org
Prof. Roger D. Nelson
Global Consciousness Project http://noosphere.princeton.edu
www.princeton.edu/~pear Prof. Charles T. Tart, PhD www.paradigm-sys.com/cttart/
www.issc-taste.org Prof. Peter Mulacz >>PSI<< WIEN
http://www.t0.or.at/~psi/index.htm
http://parapsychologie.ac.at Dr. Edgar Mitchell, ScD
www.noetic.org
www.edmitchellapollo14.com/ Larry Dossey, MD
Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
http://www.dosseydossey.com/larry/default.asp
Prof. Sergei Kolmakow, DDS, PhD,
International Informatization Academy
Lab of Psychophysiology, University of Kuopio
Dr. James P. Siepmann Journal of Theoretics http://www.journaloftheoretics.com Dr. Rustum Roy
Chairman
Friends of Health
www.friendsofhealth.org
Garret Yount, PhD
Scientist, Complementary Medicine Research Institute California Pacific Medical Center http://www.cpmc.org/professionals/research/programs/integrative/yount.html Phillip Shinnick, PhD
Director Research Institute of Global Physiology, Behavior and Treatment, Inc Dr. Carl Williams
Liverpool Hope University College www.livhope.ac.uk/ Dale Graff
http://www.dalegraff.com
James Oschman, PhD Nature's Own Research Association www.bodywork-res.com Angela Thompson www.remoteviewingconsulting.com Robert Neil Boyd, PhD
www.rialian.com/rnboyd
Dimi Chakalov
http://members.aon.at/chakalov Bill Douglas World Tai Chi and Qigong Day www.worldtaichiday.org
Paul Helfrich http://newworldview.com Ellen Gilbert
http://newworldview.com Dr Arkadiusz Jadczyk
http://www.cassiopaea.org/quantum_future/homepage.htm
Frances Gander, L.Ac., Dipl. Ac www.carr.org/~fgander Devatara Holman, MS, Ma, LAc
www.MarinOrientalMedicine.com Lasse T. Laine
Philosopher, social scientist, consultant
for Vidorg,(Uppsala, Sweden)
http://www.vidorg.com/
[email protected]
Dr. Karin Hauffe
www.dr-karin-hauffe.de
Bill Hamilton
Skywatch International
www.skywatch-research.org
Alexia Parks
The Center for Rapid Evolution
http://www.rapidevolution.org
Dr. F. Noah Gordon
Institute for the Study of Human Potential
Dr. Maurice Krasnow
Simeon Hein, Ph.D.
Institute for Resonance1942 Broadway, Suite 314
Boulder, CO 80302
303 440-7393 208 882-1583 (fax)
www.ResonantViewing.org
Serge Patlavskiy The Institute for Theoretical Problems of Interdisciplinary Investigations http://www.geocities.com/spatlavskiy
Alfred W. Jones, PhD
Rick Ugino Dr. Lee Poulos Cecil Webster
Nina Cacciatore
Olga Demianchiuk Pam Jones Matthew Mockovic Duane Sammons Michael Campbell Timothy Nixon Chris Johnston Bruce Canning, OMD David Dorkin Karen Clark Dave Stein Stan Richman Rosemary MacDonough Maria Celia Couto Teixeira
Claudia Wells
Carlos Santiago
Fareeha Iqbal
Debbie Briggs
Lisa Hanes
Audrey Waldon
Dr. Paddy Rudden
Dr. Jack Snowberger
Robin Berman, MD
James R. Cunningham
Marco Biagini
Steven Hall
Joshua Cureton
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Dean French
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Dr. S. Kumar
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Linda King
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Dr. Gordei Lesovik
Hector Pastorino
Ken Davis
Jessica Whitney
Nick Prince
Lajos Baranyi, PhD
Thomas Kluegel
Alexia Parks
Kirsten Salomon
Rich Dickinson
Susanne Kaiser
Christopher Davia
Dagmar Kuhn
Daniel J. Benor, MD
International Journal of Healing and Caring
www.WholisticHealingResearch.com
www.ijhc.org
Savely Savva, MS
Monterey Institute for the Study of Alternative Healing Arts
www.whps.com/misaha
Participants' List The Rhine Research Center www.rhine.org Dean Radin, PhD
www.boundaryinstitute.org
Prof. Roger D. Nelson
Global Consciousness Project http://noosphere.princeton.edu
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www.issc-taste.org Prof. Peter Mulacz >>PSI<< WIEN
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Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine
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Prof. Sergei Kolmakow, DDS, PhD,
International Informatization Academy
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James Oschman, PhD Nature's Own Research Association www.bodywork-res.com Angela Thompson www.remoteviewingconsulting.com Robert Neil Boyd, PhD
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Frances Gander, L.Ac., Dipl. Ac www.carr.org/~fgander Devatara Holman, MS, Ma, LAc
www.MarinOrientalMedicine.com Lasse T. Laine
Philosopher, social scientist, consultant
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Bill Hamilton
Skywatch International
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The Center for Rapid Evolution
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Institute for the Study of Human Potential
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Maggie Snaidas
Michiel Schotten
Dr. Mark Langweiler
Giorgio Marchetti
Dean French
Craig Bruner
Keith Choquette
Dr. S. Kumar
Dr. Marcos Borges
Linda King
Iona Miller
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Hector Pastorino
Ken Davis
Jessica Whitney
Nick Prince
Lajos Baranyi, PhD
Thomas Kluegel
Alexia Parks
Kirsten Salomon
Rich Dickinson
Susanne Kaiser
Christopher Davia
Dagmar Kuhn
Roffey
The Bioelectronic Basis for "Healing Energies": Charge and Field Effects
as a Basis for Complementary Medical Techniques
LEANE E. ROFFEY
San Antonio, TX 78209
U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
As of the time of this review over 150 studies of "healing energies" have been reported in which the energy parameters were specified and controlled. More than half demonstrate statistical significance, p < 0.05. Some researchers have measured electromagnetic (EM) signals emanating from the hands of healers which are within the same frequency range as human brain waves. There are some indications that a correlation exists between atmospheric oscillations, brain waves, and biological EM emissions. Understanding the nature of this correlation may enable us to characterize and further utilize various types of "healing energies". The paradigm for the application of these energies may develop into a basis for a variety of existing complementary medical practices. Integral portions of biological systems have been shown to be semiconducting, ferromagnetic and piezoelectric. The biosemiconductor, together with the drift of charges, ions, and radicals, may be considered as a form of "bioplasma". Bioplasma may be subject to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. The EM fields emitted by trained healers may be considered as coherent, resonant biomagnetic emissions by which a less coherent EM field of the patient is "tuned" to the specific frequency and phase, and through which homeostasis can be "aligned" to induce "healing".
1. A Working Definition of Healing Energy
The question of whether treatments involving various types of "healing energies" are effective for numerous illnesses has long been a subject of debate. In a recent review by Benor, a substantial number of research studies demonstrating statistically significant results demonstrated that "healing" may bring about changes in a variety of situations involving water, enzymes, plants, animals and humans.1
A working definition of "healing energy" is that it is an emanation of energy from the body and mind of the healer which goes beyond normal physiological processes to influence homeostasis in another living system. In all probability, this energy forms part of the biological EM field of the healer. What is the mechanism by which the biological EM field of a healer induces "healing?" Oschman reports on energy emissions from the hands of healers as well as brain wave activity specific to healers.2 During these "healing moments" the brain waves of the healers became phase and frequency synchronized with the electric field of the earth. This observation closely echoes that of Bentov, who studied similar mechanisms in meditators.3 Bentov found that there were actually several other interlocking resonating systems in the body activated by this steady 7 to 8 Hz activity during meditation. As the upper part of the body has a resonant frequency of about 7 Hz under normal conditions, Bentov notes that additional resonance effects resulting from this "phase interlock phenomenon" are not unlikely.
Studies indicate that low frequency fields, at the frequency and signal strength of the Schumann resonance (an atmospheric condition), can synchronize brain waves under a variety of experimental conditions and have predictable effects on behavior.4 Oschman suggests that the "healing energies" emitted by healers involve conditioning of the brain waves and other body rhythms with the slow electrical and magnetic rhythms of the earths atmosphere.5 This view was expressed earlier by Bentov in connection with a study of the kundalini energies exhibited by practitioners of yoga.6
This correlation between inner and outer rhythms seems likely. It is well known that there is also a relationship between the plasma fields of the earth and those of the sun. Bentov pointed out that charged particles produced by the sun residing in the Van Allen belts oscillate back and forth along the magnetic lines of the earth between the north and south poles. Much of this vibration is in the frequency range 1 to 40 Hz, well within physiological frequencies. These oscillations are coupled with the changes in the earths magnetic field. The spectrum of the earth-ionosphere cavity resonance, the Schumann resonance, covers the 1 Hz to 30 Hz region with an average value of about 7.8 Hz. This coincides with the brains alpha rhythm typically about 8 Hz. Also, numerous reports have demonstrated the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, or radiofrequency field amplitude modulated at ELF, can alter the efflux of calcium ions from CNS-derived samples. Three research groups have shown that a range of frequencies betwen 6 and 20 Hz was effective; while frequencies below and above that range were ineffective.7
Not only brain waves, but other systems also are affected by the Schumann resonance. As quoted in Smith, Ludwig (1987) has measured and compared a large number of the ELF rhythms in human subjects with resonant frequencies in homeopathic remedies using a spectrum analyzer. Bentov reported that Schumann calculated the earth-ionosphere cavity resonance frequencies at 10.6, 18.3, and 25.9 Hz, and he reported more recent values calculated by Toomey and Polk at 7.8, 14.1, 20.3, 26.4, and 32.5 Hz.8 Ludwig found a number of frequencies have been found to be common to all the subjects and to relate to the specific physiological functions. For example, the frequency 0.1 Hz relates to the circulatory system, 7.8 Hz relates to the hippocampus, 10 Hz to the circadian rhythms, 33 Hz to the lymphatic system, etc.9
It is reasonable to assume that the interactions between the ionosphere and the solar wind which yields geomagnetic field variations can also be expected to cause a wide range of other electromagnetic disturbances, or contribute to variations in the ground level cosmic ray flux and other generalized atmospheric effects. When man-made components are introduced on top of this, the results are apt to be unpredictable. Human brain activity, as well as that of animals, may be modified by extremely low levels of amplitude modulated electromagnetic fields.
Statistical studies have revealed potential dangers to living systems. The EPA, for example, has issued official warning for certain leukemic conditions in infants associated with living in proximity to power lines.10 If there is a relationship between various type of EM waves in living systems and the external environment, whether by controlled application (such as healing) or by inadvertent exposure (such as accidental exposure to some manmade EMF), these interactions may be very important to human health. A task for future research will be to identify the physical variables responsible for the variations in phenomena. These external waves are somehow transformed and processed by some mechanism through organisms. The question for science is "What are the mechanisms in the living fabric by which such charge and field can affect biological systems beneficially or detrimentally?"
2. The Need for a Bioelectromagnetic Model for Healing Energies
The current biochemical paradigm for healing cannot adequately address conditions involving the effects of EM fields on living organisms. Such effects are best described in the languages of physics and electronics. It is advantageous to supplement the current biochemical model of healing with a bioelectronic one in order to explain "healing energies." To think of living systems as basically bioelectronic in nature is not a new idea, but until this last decade, biophysics has not addressed the therapeutic models beyond a sophisticated statement of electrophysiology. A biophysical model based on electronic concepts, with due consideration for the biochemical connection, may therefore provide the best modality in which to address these issues.
Biological systems have been shown to be piezoelectric, semiconductive, and ferromagnetic in nature.11 It is reasonable to postulate the existence of some intermediate layer between the internal and external environment in living systems, which somehow processes and transmits signals. It is as if the system and its environment were intimately related, possibly through charge and field effects and induced internal processes which control system sensitivities as they receive surrounding electromagnetic signals.
The need for creating a new area of science to explain this has been most clearly recognized in countries outside of the U.S. In particular, since the 1960s, Poland has participated heavily in its development, beginning with the theoretical works of scientists W. Sedlak and S. Manczarski, and in the later theoretical and experimental works of many others.12 The work of the Italians has also been very important, especially in the area of medical applications.13
A living system is capable of resonance and oscillation. What components of this system are involved in this process? Two possible contributors may be:
(1) The role of water and counterions in the connective tissue cytoskeletal system; and,
(2) The existence of bioplasma (see below); subject to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) control.
Great progress in cell biology, partly due to electron microscopy, has enabled us to visualize how the smallest parts of an organism are tied together in a structural and functional continuum. At the base, there is the cytoskeletal system of the cell. This system is attached at the inner wall of the cell membrane to glycoproteins, which extend through to the cell surface. The glycoproteins attach, in turn, to elements of the extracellular ground substance matrix. The ground substance matrix exists within the intervals of the connective tissue fibers. These contiguous elements form the building blocks for larger structures, including larger groups of connective tissues. One can visualize tendons, for example, building from this cellular level to tropocollagens, microfibrils, subfibrils, fibrils, fascicle, tendon, etc. In fact, on examination of any anatomy text, the presence of fascia, a form of connective tissue, is almost universal throughout the body. It surrounds muscles, bones, organs, and nerve fibers. Soft tissues, in particular those containing a great deal of collagen, elastin, or actin, are considered bioviscoelastic solids, with some very interesting elastic properties. Also, many of these proteins are semiconducting. The entire organism should be considered as one structure with respect to its capacity for wave and oscillatory phenomena, although it is obviously not homogenous.
Biomembranes composed of proteins maintain a high electrical field potential. In addition, they can also generate photons as chemiluminescence. Photons that are generated in layers of proteins can activate chemical processes. Taken together with the drift of charges, ions, radicals etc. this photon emission forms the basis for "bioplasma", a central idea in a bioelectronic model of living systems. (Photons here include those in the UV visible spectrum as well as in the infrared, microwave frequency domain). Bioplasma may be under MHD control.
"Healing energies" may involve manipulation by the healer, consciously or unconsciously, of the bioelectronic subsystems of the living organism. The success of a healing may have a great deal to do with the organisms ability to oscillate and resonate with the EM emissions generated by the healer. How living systems interact with EM fields is not exactly known, although many theories have been proposed. The concept of communication channels within each living system may be one answer.
Through a long evolutionary process, living systems have managed to develop in (or possibly because of) an environment permeated with EM frequencies. Using the language of electronic systems analysis, C. W. Smith points out that to facilitate evolution, Nature would have been able to make use of high coherence, narrow spectral bandwidth channels for parallel data processing channels in living systems without risk of interference from the frequencies present in sunlight. Living systems may be able to optimize the degree of coherence they use for any given biocommunication channel choosing between: one broad-band high carrier frequency; a high data rate serial communication channel; or, the corresponding number of narrow band, low data rate communication channels capable of parallel data processing. Each of these are coherent enough to overcome the ambient noise but together they have the same overall capacity.14
According to Smith, diurnal circadian rhythms can be synchronized using ELF fields. The involvement of highly coherent frequencies throughout the life-span of a living system carries with it the risk of sensitivity to and disruption by coherent EM fields in the environment. Similarly, there is a risk of chemical disruption of the genetic information by antagonistic chemicals in the environment that can specifically cause various types of mutations. Electrical and chemical signals are closely correlated manifestations of living systems. The fundamental correlations between chemical structure, electronic properties and coherent oscillations have been well-established by atomic spectroscopy and molecular quantum physics, and have been applied in chemical analysis.15
3. Biological Mechanisms Supporting Charge and Field Effects
3.1 Existing Mechanisms
There are quite a number of known mechanisms which support the notion that charge and field effects are the basis of "healing energy." Oscillation and bioresonance, the role of cell membranes, the role of the connective tissue and associated water molecules, and photon/phonon emission are but a few components of the bioelectronic model which can be examined.
3.1.1 Oscillation and Bioresonance
There may be a biophysical basis for oscillation and bioresonance. The electrodynamics of the connective tissue cytoskeleton matrix and the related hydrogen bonds in surrounding water, as well as the electro-mechanical physical properties of the proteins themselves (the exact nature of which must be determined by future research), may result in whole-body collective oscillations. These, in turn, may be derived from the energy of higher frequency Fröhlich oscillations.
Such oscillations may directly involve hydrogen bonds. Bistolfi reports that the frequency of the oscillating phenomenon related to biological hydrogen bonds appears to remain limited to the infrared frequency band, from near infrared (10-6 wavelength, l014 Hz) to far infrared almost to in the microwave region (10-4 wavelength, 1011 Hz). He maintains that one can consider DNA and protein hydrogen bonds as centers of EM radiation emission in the range going from the millimeter waves to the far infrared.16 Low frequency harmonic pulsations may be the result of the interaction of the Schumann resonances with such signals, the resulting waves in turn generating a stronger oscillation within the connective tissues of the body. The result of this activity may be measurable as a "biofield", and may represent a form of biomagnetic emission consisting of relatively stable, coherent, measurable vibrations. "Healing energy" may be a type of this sort of EM emission.
3.1.2 The Role of Cell Membranes
Fröhlich discussed why cell membranes may play an important part in macromolecular oscillation. Biomembranes maintain fields on the order of 105 V/cm, a field in which ordinary materials would break down electrically unless special care were taken. Molecules subjected to such fields will, in general, exhibit non-linear reactions such as change of structure.17 Extraordinary dielectric properties arise from the high electric fields maintained in membranes. When taken in conjunction with the biomembranes sensitivity to very low weak electric fields, these properties play an important role in resonance interactions between molecules. Models have been developed of the interactions of two molecules, one of them in the membrane, the other outside it. The electronic charge, the proton mass, and the width of the membrane allow for a definition of a frequency in the 1011 Hz region, which is on the order of the frequency of membrane vibrations (millimeter wave region).
Fröhlich suggested that some of the large molecules within a cell resonate with the membranes electrical oscillations. Hence the cell as a whole, and a tissue composed of a number of such cells, could have a stable resonant frequency which would be a collective property of the whole assembly. Long range phase-correlated vibrations between the components of such an assembly could constitute a type of communication system regulating certain cellular behaviors, such as cell division.
3.1.3 The Role of the Connective Tissue System
Traditionally, the living cell is pictured as a membranous bag containing liquid water with proteins and small cations in free solution. Microscopically it does not resemble a bag of fluid, but should be regarded as an organized semi-solid (a biorheological structure) consisting of a matrix of water with embedded macromolecules complexed with sodium and potassium ions. This view of the cell was explained in detail by Hazlewood and later verified through experimental research.18 The cell may be considered to resemble somewhat of a solid, so that cellular ion transport phenomena may be analyzed by the methods of solid state, or perhaps, liquid crystal physics.19
Biologically, the cell cannot be accepted without the vital environment in which it exists. Pischinger explores this weakness in Virchows classically accepted cell theory.20 The 50 billion cells in the human organism exist in a working system. They are not merely cellular functioning units, which can be repaired when defects are present. Acute events cannot be isolated from intermeshed biological associations. Cells have a reciprocal relationship to their environment.
The ground substance surrounding a cell forms a basic matrix in multicellular organisms, called the extracellular matrix. This matrix has a significant effect on a cells ability to express its genetic constituency and maintain a healthy quality. The interactive nature of the extracellular matrix with the connective and supporting tissues and blood is extremely important. Nerves and vessels do not come into direct contact with the functioning cells at any point in the body; the connective tissue via the extracellular matrix is really the mediating member. It transports nerve and nutrition flow and reciprocal effects from the nerves pass through it everywhere. The condition of this medium (such as its degree of hydration and toxicity) may have a bearing on the ability of the whole structure to oscillate.
The components of the connective tissue matrix extend throughout the body.21 The mechanism that may link it with the brain electrical activity, as measured with the EEG and the emissions from the body, is the perineural direct current regulatory system as described by R. 0. Becker.22 Becker maintains that contrary to prevailing neuron doctrine, the glial substrate and other perineural structures of the central nervous system, through their sensitivity to extremely low levels of electric currents and magnetic fields, may directly control brain functions. The neuronal brain is not only supported by, but modulated by, the glial brain. Electromagnetism and its effects on the "integration of brain function" in consciousness are also considered in this model. Becker suggests that DC and low-frequency extraneuronal electric currents generated in, or transmitted by, the glial components of the brain may be a basis for perceptual awareness. This system mayprovide a link between the bioelectronic and biochemical models. The brain, in turn, regulates the biochemical activity in the body in accordance with bioelectronic signals. This process may work in both directions, involving in particular the endocrine system.
Bioenergetic continuity of the connective tissue system is still in the modeling stages. Cells and intracellular elements are capable of vibrating in a dynamic manner with complex harmonics which can be analyzed using Fourier analysis.23 Pienta and Coffey discuss mechanisms by which information can be transferred along this matrix. Cellular events occur within spatial and temporal harmonics and have potential regulatory importance. Vibrational information can be transferred through the cell. The connective tissue system, they maintain, may act as a coupled harmonic oscillator, operating as a signal transducing system from the cell periphery to the nucleus and ultimately to the DNA. The transfer of information can occur through the direct transfer of vibrational energy through harmonic wave motions. Wave propagation along a tensor can pass information through the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the wave propagating along it.The amount of information that a tensor system can pass is equal to the width of the frequency of the waves of information and the total time they are available for interpretation.
The connective tissue system matrix is a quasi-crystalline structure consisting of semiconductive piezoelectric proteins and associated biochemical metabolic pathways. Evolution may have determined the course of embryogenesis (i.e., the development of the nervous system, circulatory system, etc.) and outlined this course within the connective tissues of the body along predetermined lines of force caused by exposure to electric and/or magnetic fields. The field lines act as a blueprint and are determined by long-term evolutionary exposure of this matrix to EM radiation in the environment.24 Specific molecular channels could exist within the structure of the matrix to conduct bioelectromagnetic signals.
Such a bioelectronic communications network would function similar to a waveguide or fiber optic cable to transmit and receive information along specific channels within the body. Since this network is composed of ordinary molecules that have become organized in particular ways at a microscopic level, it would not necessarily be anatomically distinguishable from normal connective tissue, at least using the devices we have available at this time. The acupuncture meridians may make up such a network. It is interesting to note that in the process of needling, each needle must be inserted at a specific point, at a certain angle, to a measured depth in the tissue to effect optimum results. The "eye" of the acupuncture point, on the surface of the skin, is a point of low electrical resistance. Invariably, on proper insertion, the needle rests in a fascial plane or along a tendon, e.g., in connective tissue.
The body is composed of bioviscoelastic fluids and solids. The thermodynamics of elastic deformation of these components have been addressed by Fung.25 In studies of inorganic materials, certain electromagneto-rheological devices (principally braking systems) have unique gel-to-sol-to-gel reactions when acted on by external force; perhaps an analogous situation exists in the living protein matrix comprising the connective tissue matrix when affected by biological EM emissions in healing.
3.1.4 The Role of Water Molecules
An excellent treatment of the structure and function of long chain protein molecules and of the surrounding water is given by Bistolfi26 who reports on the relationship between the filament structures of the cytoplasm and water. Some information pertinent to the bioelectromc model is that each cell has a very thin layer of ordered water extending over at least 3 nanometers from the billions of square nanometers of solid state surfaces. This water can be coupled to the coherent dynamics of the protein solid state, enabling the protein filaments to carry signals.27 Since the connective tissue system is functionally continuous, large scale information pathways may use such filaments as signal transmitters. It is easy to conceive of such an aqueous proteinaceous environment as a type of forward-biased p-n semiconductor, transmitting signals in a regulated fashion to surrounding cells, influencing the metabolic pathways.
3.1.5 Photon/Phonon Emission
In the bioelectronic model photon energy, as well as chemical energy, plays an important role. There is a certain biological structural morphology that is a result of the interaction between photons, electrons, and phonons in the protein substrate of a semiconductor. Chemical reactions can be broken up into a multitude of enzymatically catalyzed processes. For example, amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids, porphyrins such as chlorophyll and carotenoids are semiconductive. A quantum of light entering a semiconductive protein structure results in photoexcitation causing charge transfer or excitation "hopping", and sometimes, emission of photons, as in photoluminescence in plants.
The charge activated in a structural protein creates opportunities for photon emission through several methods: fluorescence, electron acceleration in an electrical field, temporary emergence of paramagentic centers and emission as a result of spin relaxation.
Photons generated by various methods in biological systems are closely linked with chemical processes, which can either stimulate or attenuate photon production. Photons are reinforced by as yet undefined mechanisms, increase their number through stimulated emission, and are assisted by processes which maintain a constant reserve of "fresh" electrons of metabolic origin, or having a highly populated excited state of another molecule (excitation or energy donor) energetically close to the lowest electronically excited state. Biological systems, according to Sedlak, may work on the principles of a quantum photon amplifier with biolasing effects.28 Contemporary work by Popp, et al., outlines the nature of biophotonic coherence in biosystems, and particularly examines coherent radiations emanating from DNA, and examines interactions between photons and phonons.29
3.2 Proposed Mechanisms
Proposed mechanisms for the transfer of charge and field effects involve some old ideas applied in a new way: decelerating systems, wave physics, MHD control of bioplasma, the formation of helical structures, redox reactions, and spin waves.
3.2.1 Decelerating Systems
Electromagnetic waves can be guided and simultaneously slowed down by appropriate semiconducting and dielectric structures. The nature of the interaction of electrons with the electrical component of the electromagnetic wave is very important, especially in electric fields having a high frequency wave. Structures which slow EM waves are known as "decelerating systems." Subcellular structures, such as mitochondria, Golgis apparatus, biological membranes, chloroplasts, and molecular structures such as DNA and RNA, as well as alpha-helix proteins and accompanying beta-sheets, may act as decelerating systems in the body. An electromagnetic wave moving in a dielectric medium reacts with electrons at the point of contact of a semiconductor and a dielectric. The decelerated wave is linked with a beam of electrons "modelled" by the configuration of a thin-layered conductor. This forms the p-n semiconductor junction in between layers of proteins.
3.2.2 Wave Physics in Biological Systems
Wave motion, in order to be effectively distributed throughout the body, must also be "directed". A surface level electron concentration appears at various levels of plant and animal organization, forming a directing "layer". Surface potentials exist not only in microorganisms but also in individual cells of tissue systems. Seldak referred to this phenomenon as "electrostasis", parallel to "homeostasis".30 The electrostasis "layer" between a living system and its environment results from semiconductor properties of living tissues and the surface layer in the EM field.
Gurwitch observed a similar phenomenon in dividing cells.31 Presman ascribes the generation of EM waves to nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA.32 In the bioelectronic model, these types of radiation are referred to under the generic heading of "biological fields". The electrostasis layer plays the role of a spherical waveguide reflecting the biological field back into the living system. The losses of the organism through radiation are minimized. Simultaneously this layer is set into rhythmical vibrations by the biological emitted field. It protects the organism from harmful EM radiation, and permits beneficial radiation to enter the organism.
The human body is able, due to electrostasis, to separate each component of this radiation according to the bodys anatomic makeup and need, and absorb the bands in the spectrum specific to that wavelength or frequency. In the practice of physical therapy and electrotherapy, various bands of energy are artifically applied to patients. The use of the cold laser is among the newer modalities. Research has indicated that the 6,328 angstromhelium-neon cold laser may stimulate intracellular structures and functions.33
Healing energy may induce piezoelectric or pyroelectric effects which modulate this surface layer. Under the influence of variable mechanical forces (pressure, tension, torsion), piezoelectric material generates charges resulting in a difference of electric potential. Pyroelectric substances do the same, but in a stable field of action of mechanical forces of the hydrostatic type. Temperature changes cause more molecules to be in higher vibrational energy states resulting in crossing over to a different electronic energy state. For some bioluminescent molecules this may result in biological pyroelectric phenomena.
The organism may be considered as an oscillator emitting a biological field with a large band spectrum. The nature of the biological oscillator is explained by the physics of dielectrics -- they behave like crystal semiconductors modified to the specific nature of the biological system in question. Further, the properties of semiconductors decide the drift of charges, ions, radicals and crystalochemical groups. The semiconductor manifests its properties in the presence of external electromagnetic fields or temperature. The electrostasis layer is a special one - it makes the semiconductor able to receive EM information from its environment.34
3.2.3 Bioplasma
Some insight into bioplasma may be gained by analogies with plasma physics. Plasma is sensitive to magnetic and electric fields, to wave acoustics, operational mechanics, and to gravitational fields and temperature, depending on its chemical composition. Its exceptional selectivity and responsiveness, through alteration of its own state, make plasma the ideal carrier system of information within living organisms.
This sort of plasma is basically diamagnetic; there are however, many factors which may locally produce paramagnetism. In the evolution of biological systems, several things were probably important: a) the growth of the number of electrical components forming the plasma; b) and the accumulation of paramagnetics and the formation of temporary paramagnetic centers in diamagnetic organic compounds.
Bioplasma can be thought of as an "averaged-out" state of all the energetic factors resulting from metabolism. In a semiconductive proteinaceous aqueous environment, ions, drift of charges, etc. contribute to the overall "bioplasma." In the process of evolution, the number of electrical and magnetic components which contributed to the formation of this form of plasma increased with the evolution of the organism. Bioplasma is not plasma in the strict physics sense of the word, yet displays some physical properties.
A good example of an accumulation of paramagnetics is the pyrolysis reaction which yields condensed pyridine rings. This has been studied experimentally in polyacrylonitrile.35 The reaction of pyridine latticization is enhanced by the presence of Fe, Cu and Cr atoms or by irradiation. The products of pyrolysis are paramagnetic, containing approximately 1019 unpaired electrons per gram of substance, even though the polymer is diamagnetic before pyrolysis. Nature presumably makes use of the same properties of heterocyclic rings in forming complexes involving Fein the case of heme, cyto-chromium or catalase, Cu in the case of hemocyanine, Mg in chlorophyll, and Co in cobalamine. Derivatives of pyridine have found extensive application in the organization of vital processes.36 Annular complexes with charge transfer, formed from aromatic amines and quinones with quadruple substitution, molecular oxygen, photexcited molecules in metastable triplet states, some organo-transition metal chelates, are other examples of paramagnetics. Research on charge-transfer paramagnetism has barely begun, we are still referring to semiconducting polymers.
Experimental attempts to prove the reality of bioplasma have been underway in Russia since 1968. Magnetic fluctuation and the concomitant emission of weak radiation are only different pictures of the same plasma discontinuity. Paramagnetic centers are quantum-mechanically "mobile," and vary according to the general magnetic state of the system and radiation. The term "plasmon", popular in solid state physics (an analog of excited states such as exciton or polaron) may be adequate for describing the biological oscillation in terms of plasma.
3.2.4 The Formation of Helical Structures
A separate issue is the formation of helical waves. Presumably, the helical structures of DNA and RNA are the product of a long molecular evolution. If bioplasma exists, it is quite possible that a "pinch" phenomena occured which caused a helical geometry to manifest - in the same way that "pinch" affects superheated gases magnetohydrodynamically. In addition, nucleic acids and their protein complexes are systems of strongly coupled spins.37 Anisotropic biological structures form a kind of guideway for plasmic processes. In some situations, such as in nucleic acids, they may direct electronic processes towards cyclotron motion -- along helical trajectories. Helical waves in plasma produce a strong axial magnetic field. The DNA helix may be the result of the action of this field on a paramagnetic medium of variable magnetic susceptibility.
3.2.5 Redox Reactions
If one accepts the idea of the temporary increase of paramagnetic centers in a diamagnetic medium, what may exist in a biological system is a magnetic analogy with an electronic state which can be described by an oxidative-reductive (redox) potential or magnetic "donor - acceptor" state. Plasma repels magnetic field lines or is itself repelled by them, or "freezes" field lines within itself. In such a description, diamagnetic to paramagnetic transitions can be expressed as "magnetic redox reactions". Sedlak describes such reactions as "dia-par" (dia to paramagnetic transitions). The analogy with redox processes may be further substantiated by the existence of charge transport between paramagnetic centers and diamagnetic molecules. Equally important is the subsistence of a level of diamagnetism (i.e. spin = 0 state) as a general background for "dia-par" processes. Most likely, the enzymatic decay of organic compounds serves a similar purpose in that the decay products are always diamagnetic.
3.2.6 Spin Waves
As a result there would be both plasma pulsations between paramagnetic and diamagnetic components, and spin pulsations within organic diamagnetics and paramagnetics (otherwise known as spin waves). In this spatial aspect, the plasma pulses occur between two dia-par systems, exciting spin waves within them. These two waves display a relative phase shift. This may be how the generation and decay of plasma takes place within a biological system rendering it subject to periodic states of magnetic compression.
4. Towards a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Model
4.1 MHD Biological Control
As we have discussed, living systems may be comprised of semiconducting proteinaceous oscillators. The biological semiconducting oscillator may emit a type of physical plasma. MHD phenomena are built on the existence of plasma. There may be some sort of MHD process at work in living systems.
Magnetohydrodynamic biological control was anticipated in 1967. 38 It is implied by the description of semiconductors in terms of plasma, by microplasmic features of hydrogen bonds, and the existence of bioplasma (the averaged-out description of electronic processes in a living organism). Control over the correct and sequential development of paramagnetic centers in a living system is presumably based on magnetic transmission over a plasma carrier. 39
Sedlak proposed that semiconducting organic matter consitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic components. These may thus form a paramagnetic "colloid" within a diamagnetic medium. Such a "colloidal" state is an essential condition for the propagation of an MHD wave. The activated particles must form an actual or colloidal solution, while preserving their paramagnetic properties. The medium consists of diamagnetic water, as well as saccharides, lipids and proteins.
A bioplasma implies the coexistence of phenomena like electrodynamics, electronics, and hydrodynamics, even in the absence of a fluid medium. One of the manifestations of this unification is given by the magnetohydrodynamic wave, that is, the wave propagation of magnetic field fluctuations in plasma, accompanied by real transport of magnetic energy. The recently discovered presence of very small amounts of ferromagnetic crystalline substances in the brain and meninges of humans lends some support to this notion. 40 It seems that a biological system, especially a ferromagnetic one, may posesses its own magnetic information, be highly sensitive to external field variations, and be responsive to spin variations in its organic structure.
MHD control of bioplasma provides an explanation for many effects. Above all, it points to two aspects of one and the same fact: life is, in its nature, electric -- however, its control takes place magnetically. The suitable arrangement of ferromagnetic atoms and the existence of temporary paramagnetic centers create a particular situation within the plasma, which undergoes abrupt changes in its properties under the action of a magnetic field, even a very weak one41.
The distribution of diamagnetics and paramagnetics, bioluminescence, semiconductivity of protein, and the plasma features of metabolic processes leads to conclusions concerning the control of vital functions. Plasma may be biologically maintained in a constantly agitated state of generation and decay through magnetohydrodynamic control. This state is correlated with other antagonistic situations, such as anabolism-catabolism, redox reactions, and dia-paramagnetism. It is moreover related to physiological currents and weakly luminescent effects. What is formed is a complex signaling system for MHD involving electric, magnetic, optical and acoustic effects 42
This signaling system must operate not only on the level of single macromolecules like DNA, but also on one of groups of molecules, biological complexes such as cells, tissues, organs and the organism, and above all on the level of the metabolism, as an ensemble of chemical processes. Reducing the matter to basics: in a plasma medium with the features of a conducting liquid, control is effected by magnetic mechanisms. Here hydrodynamics combines with electrodynamics, yielding magnetohydrodynamic vibrations. The common factor of the entire system is bioplasma, which seems therefore to be a carrier and receptor of those controls. Bioplasma is probably species specific.43
On top of this general wave-like background a more detailed communication takes place, involving weak bioluminescent radiation and all sorts of effects collectively termed the "biological field". On the same plasma substrate various other types of vibrations, other than MHD, may also develop -- such as optical, electric, gravitational, or mechanical. The plasma and the wave-like interactions within produce an inherent integrity of the system. The plasma is a source of all types of waves, which feed back on the plasma and display mutual cor-relation. 44
The motion of a conducting or semiconducting fluid material across magnetic lines of force induces some current. The magnetic fields associated with these currents modify the magnetic field which creates them. In other words, the fluid flow alters the electromagnetic state of the system. The electric current flow across a magnetic field is associated with the Lorentz force, which influences fluid flow. It is this intimate interdependence of hydrodynamics and electrodynamics which really defines and characterizes magnetohydrodynamics. Since charge and field effects within biological systems are "small" in contrast with the surrounding environment, ideas such as superconductivity and MHD may very well be useable concepts -- and be definable.
4.2 Application of Biological MHD to Healing
MHD has been successfully applied to large scale phenomena, such as sunspots, the general solar field, stellar magnetic fields, the geomagnetic field, and the direct conversion of energy. There is a great deal of difficulty, however, in demonstrating it in the laboratory. However, initial steps have been made in applying it to living systems.
For example, the concept of a "flow meter" has already been used to measure the flow of blood. (When a conducting fluid passes down an insulating pipe across which a steady magnetic field is applied, a potential gradient is created and can be measured by probes imbedded in the walls of the pipe). Semi-hydraulic systems are present in the circulatory system and in the cranio-sacral system.45 Perhaps a similar device could be developed to measure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, and micromeasurements made during the expansion or contraction of the dural tube.
In magnetohydrodynamics there is a dimensionless number, symbolized by N, known as a magnetic force parameter. It contains terms of magnetic permeability, magnetic field strength, electrical conductivity, a characteristic length, mass density and fluid velocity.
In parallel, the living tissue matrix has: magnetic permeability, magnetic field strength, electrical conductivity, and mass density. There is a fluid velocity inherent in the tissue which, although not yet exactly defined, apparently can be affected by both pressure and magnetic field strength. The system possesses properties of piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and semiconduction. All the elements are present to begin to define a simple model of the magnetic force parameter for the connective tissue cytoplasm matrix. Elements of the fascia, especially the extracellular matrix, and in particular, the dural meninges, may be a type of "magnetofluid", a ferrofluid, whose flow properties become viscoplastic when modulated by a magnetic field and may be subject to laws of magnetohydrodynamic stability.
It is interesting to note that ferromagnetic fluids are collodial suspensions of single domain magnetic grains in a liquid vector, which have the fluidity of a homogenous liquid and magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic particles are so small in ferrofluids that the colloid magnetizes but still remains fluid. Kirschvinks work seems to indicate there is biogenic magnetite in the brain, pia, and dura, on the order of what is needed for a ferrofluid.46 Ferrofluids develop a volume force on the application of a magnetic field. If these collodial suspensions, in particular collagens, should also have liquid crystal properties (such asthose exhibited by lyotropic nematic liquid crystals), we may be looking at ferronematic crystals in these tissues which can orient with very small magnetic fields, and which can generate magnetohydrodynamic forces while being subject to them. In a sense, perhaps the human being is contained in his own "magnetic bottle", within the greater plasma sheet of the magnetosphere.
Perhaps, in the process of using healing energies, what effectively occurs is a form of "tuning" between healer and client. In MHD terms (to borrow from electrodynamic interaction in three dimensions) this process may be likened to the coalescence of two closed toroids of magnetic flux, with the biofields of the healer and the client merging at the center. These toroidal forms are rhythmically pulsing and may be modulated by the Schumann resonance. In "healing" the toroidal fields synchronize, with the weaker being strengthened. Loops of flux are created by this motion, sever from their parent ioops, and reconnect with themselves to form new flux loops, which gradually normalize and may disappear through ohmic losses depending on the homeostatis conditions of the client.47 This "diffusion" of energy throughout the clients system strengthens and feeds the homeostatic mechanisms (bioplasma), causing vibration and cellular oscillation, which in turn ultimately affects the physical condition of the client.
5.0 Conclusion
Collectively, from all of the works referred, one may state that there is a mechanism based on charge and field effects behind healing phenomena, one which is in its formative stages in terms of scientific definition. Some alternative healing practices, which have been around through the ages, and which we now class as complementary medicine, may be in part expressions of this mechanism. The basis for any healing may lie in the expression of restoring normal states of health bioelectronically, which in turn influences and is influenced by the biochemistry of living systems. Using tools of nonlinear thermodynamics, quantum electrodynamics, cybernetic models and open energy systems the image of our traditional "Homo Biochemicus" is being complemented slowly and lately further modified into the new image of "Homo Electronicus".
6.0 Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank William S. Yamanashi, Ph.D., University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Neil Mohon, Ph.D., The Upledger Institute, Palm Beach Gardens, FL; Carleton Hazlewood, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Josef Zon, Ph.D., Catholic University, Lublin, Poland; Dr. Franco Bistolfi, Genova, Italy; and James L. Oshman, Ph.D., Dover, N.H. for their kind assistance in reading, reviewing and/or editing this manuscript. Special thanks to M.J. Allen, Ph.D., Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA., for encouragement. The funding for this review paper was provided by Neuro Magnetic Systems, San Antonio, TX.
7.0 References
1. D. Benor, Lessons from Spiritual Healing Research & Practice Subtle Energies, 3.1, (1992), p. 73-88.
2. J. Oschman, A Biophysical Basis for Acupuncture, (Naturess Own Research Association, P.O. Box 5101, Dover, N.H., 03820) p. 48-50.
3. I. Bentov, Micromotion of the Body as a Factor in the Development of the Nervous System in Sanella, L., Kundalini-- Psychosis or Transcendence, (H.S. Dakin Co., 3101 Washington Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, 1976), pp. 89 -91.
4. J. Oschman, op cit., p. 78.
5. J. Oschman, op cit., p. 49.
6. I. Bentov, op cit., pp. 90-91.
7. C.F. Blackman, S.G. Benane, D.J. Elliot, D. E. House, and M. M. Pollock, Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on the Efflux of Calcium Ions from Brain Tissue in Vitro: A Three-Model Analysis Consistent With the Frequency Response up to 510 Hz Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), 215-217.
8. As cited in I. Bentov, op. cit., p. 90.
9. H.W. Ludwig, Electromagnetic multiresonance - the basis of homeopathy and biophysical therapy. in Proceedings 42nd Congress Int. Homeopathic Med League, Am. Institute Homeopathy, Washington, D.C. and personal communication with Dr. Ludwig by Dr. Smith, as cited in C.W. Smith, op cit., p. 211.
10. C.W. Smith and R.D. Baker, Comments on the paper "Environmental Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Suicide, Health Phys 43 pp. 439-441. Numerous other references on this subject are found in E. Sugarman,Warning: The Electricity Around You May be Hazardous to your Health, (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1992). Appendix A of this book contains a summary of major studies to date.
11.A full review and treatment of these phenomena can be found in F. Bistolfi, Biostructures and Radiation Order Disorder, (Edizioni Minerva Medica, Torino, Italy, 1991), pp. 123-143. On ferromagnetic material in the human meninges and brain, see: Kirschvink, et al. Magnetite Biomineralization in the Human Brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press 1993. For additional information on paramagnetism and diamagnetism: see Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms, ed. Kirschvink, et al., (Plenum Press, New York, 1985) and Biomagnetism, an Interdisciplinaty Approach, (Plenum Press, New York, 1983). For information on the effect of magnetic fields on biological systems, see T. Tenforde, Magnetic Field Effects on Biological Systems, (Plenum Press, New York, 1979). Of particular interest is W. Ross Adeys contribution, Long-Range Electromagnetic Field Interactions at Brain Cell Surfaces, on pp. 57-80.
12.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika: 1967-19 77, ed., Julian Aleksandrowicz, (Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, Warsaw, Poland, 1979) and W. Sedlak, Ed., Bioelektronika, MaterialyI Krajowego Sympozjum, (Catholic University, Lublin, Poland, 1982). This latter work features over twenty contributions by Eastern Eurpean scientists. (Both volumes in Polish).
13. F. Bistolfi, Ed., Campi Magnetici in Medicina, (Edizione Minerva Medica, Torino, Italy, 1986). This work features contributions of over 60 authors on magnetic fields in medicine (In Italian, some in English).
14.C.W.Smith, Electromagnetic Effects in Humans, in Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli, ed. W.H. Fröhlich, (Springer Verlag, New York, 1988), p. 207.
15. C.W. Smith, op cit., p. 207.
16. Bistolfi, F., op cit., p. 84.
17. H. Fröhlich, Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988) p. 6.
18. C. F. Hazlewood, B.L. Nichols, and N.F. Chamberlain, Nature 222 (1969) 747. See also F.W. Cope, Structured Water and Complexed Na and K ions in Biological Systems in Jellinek ed., Water Structure at the Water-Polymer Interface, (Plenum Press, New York).
19. Transport processes are anisotropic in liquid crystals. Perturbation of a transport process through a liquid crystalline membrane was outlined in M. Labes, Magnetic Field Coupling With Liquid Crystalline Structures. in Tenforde, T., Ed., Magnetic Field Effects on Biological Systems, Plenum Press, (1979), p. 85. See also P. Collins, Liquid Crystals: Natures Delicate Phase of Matter, Princeton University Press, NJ.(1990) p. 203-216.
20. A. Pischinger, Matrü~ and Matrix Regulation, (Haug, Brussels, 8th ed., 1990) p. 13.
21. K.J. Pienta, and D.S. Coffey, Cellular harmonic information transfer through a tissue tensegrity-matrix system. Medical Hypotheses 34 (1991) pp. 88-95.
22. R.O. Becker, Evidence for a primitive DC electrical analog system controlling brain function, Subtle Energies 2 1 (1991) pp. 7 1-88, and Modern Bioelectromagnetics and Functions of the Central Nervous System, Subtle Energies, 3 1 (1992) pp. 53-72.
23.A. Partin, J.T. Issacs, B. Treiger and D. Coffey, Early cell motility changes associated with an increase in metastatic ability in rat prostatic cancer cells transfected with the v-harvey-ras oncogene. Cancer Research 48 (1988) p. 6050.
24.W. Sedlak, Homo Electronicus (Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, Warsaw, Poland, 1980), pp. 69-77.
25. Y.C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 2nd ed., (Springer Verlag, New York, NY 1993). pp. 265-269.
26. F. Bistolfi, op cit. pp. 6 1-66.
27. S. R. Hameroff, Coherence in the cytoskeleton: implications for biological information processing, In: Fröhlich, H., Ed. Biological coherence and responses to external stimuli, (Springer Verlag, New York, NY 1988) pp.. 242-266. Also cited in F. Bistolfi, op cit., p. 65.
28. W. Seldak, Postepyfizyki zycia (PAX Instytut, Warsaw, 1984), pp. 13 1-143.
29. K. Li, Coherent Radiation from DNA Molecules, in Popp, F.A., Ed., Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and its Applications, (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), pp. 157 - 192.
30. W. Seldak,Bioelektronika, p. 52.
31.A.W.Gurwitch, Versuch einer synthetischen Biologie, in Abhandlungen zur theoretischen Biologie, Ch. 17, (Berlin, 1923), as cited in Sedlak, Bioelectronika.
32. A.S. Presman, O roli elektromagnitnych polej w processach w zizniediejaticlnosti. in Biofizyka, IX (1964) 131-134, as cited in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 97.
33. J. Kahn ,Principles and Practice of Electrotherapy, (Churchill Livingston, New York, 1987) p.1
34. W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 83.
35.W. Sedlak, Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w uldadach biologicznych, Kosmos A, XIX (1970), p. 143.
36.M. Kryszewski, Polprzewodniki wielkoczasteczkowe. (Warsaw, 1968), as quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p.190.
37.L. A. Blumenfeld, A. E. Kalmanson, P.G. Shen, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 124, (1959) p. 1114, as quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 190.
38.W. Sedlak, Elektrostaza i ewolucja organiczna, (Electrostatis and organic evolution) in: Roczniki Filozoficzne, 3 (1967) p. 31.
39.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika p. 196.
40. J. Kirschvink, et. al, Magnetite Biomineralization in the Human Brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press for 1993. (Preprint obtained from California Institute of Technology, Office of Public Relations, Pasadena, CA 91125.)
41.W. L. Ginzburg, Fale elektromagnetyczne w plasmie. (Warsaw, 1964). As quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 197.
42.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 197.
43.W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 197.
44.W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 198.
45. J. E. Upledger, and J. D. Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy (Eastland Press, Seattle, WA 1983), pp. 14-20.
46. J. Kirschvink, et. al., op cit., p. 1 of preprint.
47. P.H. Roberts, An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics, (School of Mathematics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Longmans Publishing, 1967). This out-of-print book is available through University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.
Copyright c. 1994 by Leane E. Roffey. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording or any information storage and retrival system, without permission in writing from Leane Roffey Line. Reissued as a white paper in March, 2006 by Leane Roffey Line for publication at www.bioelektronika.com.
as a Basis for Complementary Medical Techniques
LEANE E. ROFFEY
San Antonio, TX 78209
U.S.A.
ABSTRACT
As of the time of this review over 150 studies of "healing energies" have been reported in which the energy parameters were specified and controlled. More than half demonstrate statistical significance, p < 0.05. Some researchers have measured electromagnetic (EM) signals emanating from the hands of healers which are within the same frequency range as human brain waves. There are some indications that a correlation exists between atmospheric oscillations, brain waves, and biological EM emissions. Understanding the nature of this correlation may enable us to characterize and further utilize various types of "healing energies". The paradigm for the application of these energies may develop into a basis for a variety of existing complementary medical practices. Integral portions of biological systems have been shown to be semiconducting, ferromagnetic and piezoelectric. The biosemiconductor, together with the drift of charges, ions, and radicals, may be considered as a form of "bioplasma". Bioplasma may be subject to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. The EM fields emitted by trained healers may be considered as coherent, resonant biomagnetic emissions by which a less coherent EM field of the patient is "tuned" to the specific frequency and phase, and through which homeostasis can be "aligned" to induce "healing".
1. A Working Definition of Healing Energy
The question of whether treatments involving various types of "healing energies" are effective for numerous illnesses has long been a subject of debate. In a recent review by Benor, a substantial number of research studies demonstrating statistically significant results demonstrated that "healing" may bring about changes in a variety of situations involving water, enzymes, plants, animals and humans.1
A working definition of "healing energy" is that it is an emanation of energy from the body and mind of the healer which goes beyond normal physiological processes to influence homeostasis in another living system. In all probability, this energy forms part of the biological EM field of the healer. What is the mechanism by which the biological EM field of a healer induces "healing?" Oschman reports on energy emissions from the hands of healers as well as brain wave activity specific to healers.2 During these "healing moments" the brain waves of the healers became phase and frequency synchronized with the electric field of the earth. This observation closely echoes that of Bentov, who studied similar mechanisms in meditators.3 Bentov found that there were actually several other interlocking resonating systems in the body activated by this steady 7 to 8 Hz activity during meditation. As the upper part of the body has a resonant frequency of about 7 Hz under normal conditions, Bentov notes that additional resonance effects resulting from this "phase interlock phenomenon" are not unlikely.
Studies indicate that low frequency fields, at the frequency and signal strength of the Schumann resonance (an atmospheric condition), can synchronize brain waves under a variety of experimental conditions and have predictable effects on behavior.4 Oschman suggests that the "healing energies" emitted by healers involve conditioning of the brain waves and other body rhythms with the slow electrical and magnetic rhythms of the earths atmosphere.5 This view was expressed earlier by Bentov in connection with a study of the kundalini energies exhibited by practitioners of yoga.6
This correlation between inner and outer rhythms seems likely. It is well known that there is also a relationship between the plasma fields of the earth and those of the sun. Bentov pointed out that charged particles produced by the sun residing in the Van Allen belts oscillate back and forth along the magnetic lines of the earth between the north and south poles. Much of this vibration is in the frequency range 1 to 40 Hz, well within physiological frequencies. These oscillations are coupled with the changes in the earths magnetic field. The spectrum of the earth-ionosphere cavity resonance, the Schumann resonance, covers the 1 Hz to 30 Hz region with an average value of about 7.8 Hz. This coincides with the brains alpha rhythm typically about 8 Hz. Also, numerous reports have demonstrated the extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields, or radiofrequency field amplitude modulated at ELF, can alter the efflux of calcium ions from CNS-derived samples. Three research groups have shown that a range of frequencies betwen 6 and 20 Hz was effective; while frequencies below and above that range were ineffective.7
Not only brain waves, but other systems also are affected by the Schumann resonance. As quoted in Smith, Ludwig (1987) has measured and compared a large number of the ELF rhythms in human subjects with resonant frequencies in homeopathic remedies using a spectrum analyzer. Bentov reported that Schumann calculated the earth-ionosphere cavity resonance frequencies at 10.6, 18.3, and 25.9 Hz, and he reported more recent values calculated by Toomey and Polk at 7.8, 14.1, 20.3, 26.4, and 32.5 Hz.8 Ludwig found a number of frequencies have been found to be common to all the subjects and to relate to the specific physiological functions. For example, the frequency 0.1 Hz relates to the circulatory system, 7.8 Hz relates to the hippocampus, 10 Hz to the circadian rhythms, 33 Hz to the lymphatic system, etc.9
It is reasonable to assume that the interactions between the ionosphere and the solar wind which yields geomagnetic field variations can also be expected to cause a wide range of other electromagnetic disturbances, or contribute to variations in the ground level cosmic ray flux and other generalized atmospheric effects. When man-made components are introduced on top of this, the results are apt to be unpredictable. Human brain activity, as well as that of animals, may be modified by extremely low levels of amplitude modulated electromagnetic fields.
Statistical studies have revealed potential dangers to living systems. The EPA, for example, has issued official warning for certain leukemic conditions in infants associated with living in proximity to power lines.10 If there is a relationship between various type of EM waves in living systems and the external environment, whether by controlled application (such as healing) or by inadvertent exposure (such as accidental exposure to some manmade EMF), these interactions may be very important to human health. A task for future research will be to identify the physical variables responsible for the variations in phenomena. These external waves are somehow transformed and processed by some mechanism through organisms. The question for science is "What are the mechanisms in the living fabric by which such charge and field can affect biological systems beneficially or detrimentally?"
2. The Need for a Bioelectromagnetic Model for Healing Energies
The current biochemical paradigm for healing cannot adequately address conditions involving the effects of EM fields on living organisms. Such effects are best described in the languages of physics and electronics. It is advantageous to supplement the current biochemical model of healing with a bioelectronic one in order to explain "healing energies." To think of living systems as basically bioelectronic in nature is not a new idea, but until this last decade, biophysics has not addressed the therapeutic models beyond a sophisticated statement of electrophysiology. A biophysical model based on electronic concepts, with due consideration for the biochemical connection, may therefore provide the best modality in which to address these issues.
Biological systems have been shown to be piezoelectric, semiconductive, and ferromagnetic in nature.11 It is reasonable to postulate the existence of some intermediate layer between the internal and external environment in living systems, which somehow processes and transmits signals. It is as if the system and its environment were intimately related, possibly through charge and field effects and induced internal processes which control system sensitivities as they receive surrounding electromagnetic signals.
The need for creating a new area of science to explain this has been most clearly recognized in countries outside of the U.S. In particular, since the 1960s, Poland has participated heavily in its development, beginning with the theoretical works of scientists W. Sedlak and S. Manczarski, and in the later theoretical and experimental works of many others.12 The work of the Italians has also been very important, especially in the area of medical applications.13
A living system is capable of resonance and oscillation. What components of this system are involved in this process? Two possible contributors may be:
(1) The role of water and counterions in the connective tissue cytoskeletal system; and,
(2) The existence of bioplasma (see below); subject to magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) control.
Great progress in cell biology, partly due to electron microscopy, has enabled us to visualize how the smallest parts of an organism are tied together in a structural and functional continuum. At the base, there is the cytoskeletal system of the cell. This system is attached at the inner wall of the cell membrane to glycoproteins, which extend through to the cell surface. The glycoproteins attach, in turn, to elements of the extracellular ground substance matrix. The ground substance matrix exists within the intervals of the connective tissue fibers. These contiguous elements form the building blocks for larger structures, including larger groups of connective tissues. One can visualize tendons, for example, building from this cellular level to tropocollagens, microfibrils, subfibrils, fibrils, fascicle, tendon, etc. In fact, on examination of any anatomy text, the presence of fascia, a form of connective tissue, is almost universal throughout the body. It surrounds muscles, bones, organs, and nerve fibers. Soft tissues, in particular those containing a great deal of collagen, elastin, or actin, are considered bioviscoelastic solids, with some very interesting elastic properties. Also, many of these proteins are semiconducting. The entire organism should be considered as one structure with respect to its capacity for wave and oscillatory phenomena, although it is obviously not homogenous.
Biomembranes composed of proteins maintain a high electrical field potential. In addition, they can also generate photons as chemiluminescence. Photons that are generated in layers of proteins can activate chemical processes. Taken together with the drift of charges, ions, radicals etc. this photon emission forms the basis for "bioplasma", a central idea in a bioelectronic model of living systems. (Photons here include those in the UV visible spectrum as well as in the infrared, microwave frequency domain). Bioplasma may be under MHD control.
"Healing energies" may involve manipulation by the healer, consciously or unconsciously, of the bioelectronic subsystems of the living organism. The success of a healing may have a great deal to do with the organisms ability to oscillate and resonate with the EM emissions generated by the healer. How living systems interact with EM fields is not exactly known, although many theories have been proposed. The concept of communication channels within each living system may be one answer.
Through a long evolutionary process, living systems have managed to develop in (or possibly because of) an environment permeated with EM frequencies. Using the language of electronic systems analysis, C. W. Smith points out that to facilitate evolution, Nature would have been able to make use of high coherence, narrow spectral bandwidth channels for parallel data processing channels in living systems without risk of interference from the frequencies present in sunlight. Living systems may be able to optimize the degree of coherence they use for any given biocommunication channel choosing between: one broad-band high carrier frequency; a high data rate serial communication channel; or, the corresponding number of narrow band, low data rate communication channels capable of parallel data processing. Each of these are coherent enough to overcome the ambient noise but together they have the same overall capacity.14
According to Smith, diurnal circadian rhythms can be synchronized using ELF fields. The involvement of highly coherent frequencies throughout the life-span of a living system carries with it the risk of sensitivity to and disruption by coherent EM fields in the environment. Similarly, there is a risk of chemical disruption of the genetic information by antagonistic chemicals in the environment that can specifically cause various types of mutations. Electrical and chemical signals are closely correlated manifestations of living systems. The fundamental correlations between chemical structure, electronic properties and coherent oscillations have been well-established by atomic spectroscopy and molecular quantum physics, and have been applied in chemical analysis.15
3. Biological Mechanisms Supporting Charge and Field Effects
3.1 Existing Mechanisms
There are quite a number of known mechanisms which support the notion that charge and field effects are the basis of "healing energy." Oscillation and bioresonance, the role of cell membranes, the role of the connective tissue and associated water molecules, and photon/phonon emission are but a few components of the bioelectronic model which can be examined.
3.1.1 Oscillation and Bioresonance
There may be a biophysical basis for oscillation and bioresonance. The electrodynamics of the connective tissue cytoskeleton matrix and the related hydrogen bonds in surrounding water, as well as the electro-mechanical physical properties of the proteins themselves (the exact nature of which must be determined by future research), may result in whole-body collective oscillations. These, in turn, may be derived from the energy of higher frequency Fröhlich oscillations.
Such oscillations may directly involve hydrogen bonds. Bistolfi reports that the frequency of the oscillating phenomenon related to biological hydrogen bonds appears to remain limited to the infrared frequency band, from near infrared (10-6 wavelength, l014 Hz) to far infrared almost to in the microwave region (10-4 wavelength, 1011 Hz). He maintains that one can consider DNA and protein hydrogen bonds as centers of EM radiation emission in the range going from the millimeter waves to the far infrared.16 Low frequency harmonic pulsations may be the result of the interaction of the Schumann resonances with such signals, the resulting waves in turn generating a stronger oscillation within the connective tissues of the body. The result of this activity may be measurable as a "biofield", and may represent a form of biomagnetic emission consisting of relatively stable, coherent, measurable vibrations. "Healing energy" may be a type of this sort of EM emission.
3.1.2 The Role of Cell Membranes
Fröhlich discussed why cell membranes may play an important part in macromolecular oscillation. Biomembranes maintain fields on the order of 105 V/cm, a field in which ordinary materials would break down electrically unless special care were taken. Molecules subjected to such fields will, in general, exhibit non-linear reactions such as change of structure.17 Extraordinary dielectric properties arise from the high electric fields maintained in membranes. When taken in conjunction with the biomembranes sensitivity to very low weak electric fields, these properties play an important role in resonance interactions between molecules. Models have been developed of the interactions of two molecules, one of them in the membrane, the other outside it. The electronic charge, the proton mass, and the width of the membrane allow for a definition of a frequency in the 1011 Hz region, which is on the order of the frequency of membrane vibrations (millimeter wave region).
Fröhlich suggested that some of the large molecules within a cell resonate with the membranes electrical oscillations. Hence the cell as a whole, and a tissue composed of a number of such cells, could have a stable resonant frequency which would be a collective property of the whole assembly. Long range phase-correlated vibrations between the components of such an assembly could constitute a type of communication system regulating certain cellular behaviors, such as cell division.
3.1.3 The Role of the Connective Tissue System
Traditionally, the living cell is pictured as a membranous bag containing liquid water with proteins and small cations in free solution. Microscopically it does not resemble a bag of fluid, but should be regarded as an organized semi-solid (a biorheological structure) consisting of a matrix of water with embedded macromolecules complexed with sodium and potassium ions. This view of the cell was explained in detail by Hazlewood and later verified through experimental research.18 The cell may be considered to resemble somewhat of a solid, so that cellular ion transport phenomena may be analyzed by the methods of solid state, or perhaps, liquid crystal physics.19
Biologically, the cell cannot be accepted without the vital environment in which it exists. Pischinger explores this weakness in Virchows classically accepted cell theory.20 The 50 billion cells in the human organism exist in a working system. They are not merely cellular functioning units, which can be repaired when defects are present. Acute events cannot be isolated from intermeshed biological associations. Cells have a reciprocal relationship to their environment.
The ground substance surrounding a cell forms a basic matrix in multicellular organisms, called the extracellular matrix. This matrix has a significant effect on a cells ability to express its genetic constituency and maintain a healthy quality. The interactive nature of the extracellular matrix with the connective and supporting tissues and blood is extremely important. Nerves and vessels do not come into direct contact with the functioning cells at any point in the body; the connective tissue via the extracellular matrix is really the mediating member. It transports nerve and nutrition flow and reciprocal effects from the nerves pass through it everywhere. The condition of this medium (such as its degree of hydration and toxicity) may have a bearing on the ability of the whole structure to oscillate.
The components of the connective tissue matrix extend throughout the body.21 The mechanism that may link it with the brain electrical activity, as measured with the EEG and the emissions from the body, is the perineural direct current regulatory system as described by R. 0. Becker.22 Becker maintains that contrary to prevailing neuron doctrine, the glial substrate and other perineural structures of the central nervous system, through their sensitivity to extremely low levels of electric currents and magnetic fields, may directly control brain functions. The neuronal brain is not only supported by, but modulated by, the glial brain. Electromagnetism and its effects on the "integration of brain function" in consciousness are also considered in this model. Becker suggests that DC and low-frequency extraneuronal electric currents generated in, or transmitted by, the glial components of the brain may be a basis for perceptual awareness. This system mayprovide a link between the bioelectronic and biochemical models. The brain, in turn, regulates the biochemical activity in the body in accordance with bioelectronic signals. This process may work in both directions, involving in particular the endocrine system.
Bioenergetic continuity of the connective tissue system is still in the modeling stages. Cells and intracellular elements are capable of vibrating in a dynamic manner with complex harmonics which can be analyzed using Fourier analysis.23 Pienta and Coffey discuss mechanisms by which information can be transferred along this matrix. Cellular events occur within spatial and temporal harmonics and have potential regulatory importance. Vibrational information can be transferred through the cell. The connective tissue system, they maintain, may act as a coupled harmonic oscillator, operating as a signal transducing system from the cell periphery to the nucleus and ultimately to the DNA. The transfer of information can occur through the direct transfer of vibrational energy through harmonic wave motions. Wave propagation along a tensor can pass information through the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the wave propagating along it.The amount of information that a tensor system can pass is equal to the width of the frequency of the waves of information and the total time they are available for interpretation.
The connective tissue system matrix is a quasi-crystalline structure consisting of semiconductive piezoelectric proteins and associated biochemical metabolic pathways. Evolution may have determined the course of embryogenesis (i.e., the development of the nervous system, circulatory system, etc.) and outlined this course within the connective tissues of the body along predetermined lines of force caused by exposure to electric and/or magnetic fields. The field lines act as a blueprint and are determined by long-term evolutionary exposure of this matrix to EM radiation in the environment.24 Specific molecular channels could exist within the structure of the matrix to conduct bioelectromagnetic signals.
Such a bioelectronic communications network would function similar to a waveguide or fiber optic cable to transmit and receive information along specific channels within the body. Since this network is composed of ordinary molecules that have become organized in particular ways at a microscopic level, it would not necessarily be anatomically distinguishable from normal connective tissue, at least using the devices we have available at this time. The acupuncture meridians may make up such a network. It is interesting to note that in the process of needling, each needle must be inserted at a specific point, at a certain angle, to a measured depth in the tissue to effect optimum results. The "eye" of the acupuncture point, on the surface of the skin, is a point of low electrical resistance. Invariably, on proper insertion, the needle rests in a fascial plane or along a tendon, e.g., in connective tissue.
The body is composed of bioviscoelastic fluids and solids. The thermodynamics of elastic deformation of these components have been addressed by Fung.25 In studies of inorganic materials, certain electromagneto-rheological devices (principally braking systems) have unique gel-to-sol-to-gel reactions when acted on by external force; perhaps an analogous situation exists in the living protein matrix comprising the connective tissue matrix when affected by biological EM emissions in healing.
3.1.4 The Role of Water Molecules
An excellent treatment of the structure and function of long chain protein molecules and of the surrounding water is given by Bistolfi26 who reports on the relationship between the filament structures of the cytoplasm and water. Some information pertinent to the bioelectromc model is that each cell has a very thin layer of ordered water extending over at least 3 nanometers from the billions of square nanometers of solid state surfaces. This water can be coupled to the coherent dynamics of the protein solid state, enabling the protein filaments to carry signals.27 Since the connective tissue system is functionally continuous, large scale information pathways may use such filaments as signal transmitters. It is easy to conceive of such an aqueous proteinaceous environment as a type of forward-biased p-n semiconductor, transmitting signals in a regulated fashion to surrounding cells, influencing the metabolic pathways.
3.1.5 Photon/Phonon Emission
In the bioelectronic model photon energy, as well as chemical energy, plays an important role. There is a certain biological structural morphology that is a result of the interaction between photons, electrons, and phonons in the protein substrate of a semiconductor. Chemical reactions can be broken up into a multitude of enzymatically catalyzed processes. For example, amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids, porphyrins such as chlorophyll and carotenoids are semiconductive. A quantum of light entering a semiconductive protein structure results in photoexcitation causing charge transfer or excitation "hopping", and sometimes, emission of photons, as in photoluminescence in plants.
The charge activated in a structural protein creates opportunities for photon emission through several methods: fluorescence, electron acceleration in an electrical field, temporary emergence of paramagentic centers and emission as a result of spin relaxation.
Photons generated by various methods in biological systems are closely linked with chemical processes, which can either stimulate or attenuate photon production. Photons are reinforced by as yet undefined mechanisms, increase their number through stimulated emission, and are assisted by processes which maintain a constant reserve of "fresh" electrons of metabolic origin, or having a highly populated excited state of another molecule (excitation or energy donor) energetically close to the lowest electronically excited state. Biological systems, according to Sedlak, may work on the principles of a quantum photon amplifier with biolasing effects.28 Contemporary work by Popp, et al., outlines the nature of biophotonic coherence in biosystems, and particularly examines coherent radiations emanating from DNA, and examines interactions between photons and phonons.29
3.2 Proposed Mechanisms
Proposed mechanisms for the transfer of charge and field effects involve some old ideas applied in a new way: decelerating systems, wave physics, MHD control of bioplasma, the formation of helical structures, redox reactions, and spin waves.
3.2.1 Decelerating Systems
Electromagnetic waves can be guided and simultaneously slowed down by appropriate semiconducting and dielectric structures. The nature of the interaction of electrons with the electrical component of the electromagnetic wave is very important, especially in electric fields having a high frequency wave. Structures which slow EM waves are known as "decelerating systems." Subcellular structures, such as mitochondria, Golgis apparatus, biological membranes, chloroplasts, and molecular structures such as DNA and RNA, as well as alpha-helix proteins and accompanying beta-sheets, may act as decelerating systems in the body. An electromagnetic wave moving in a dielectric medium reacts with electrons at the point of contact of a semiconductor and a dielectric. The decelerated wave is linked with a beam of electrons "modelled" by the configuration of a thin-layered conductor. This forms the p-n semiconductor junction in between layers of proteins.
3.2.2 Wave Physics in Biological Systems
Wave motion, in order to be effectively distributed throughout the body, must also be "directed". A surface level electron concentration appears at various levels of plant and animal organization, forming a directing "layer". Surface potentials exist not only in microorganisms but also in individual cells of tissue systems. Seldak referred to this phenomenon as "electrostasis", parallel to "homeostasis".30 The electrostasis "layer" between a living system and its environment results from semiconductor properties of living tissues and the surface layer in the EM field.
Gurwitch observed a similar phenomenon in dividing cells.31 Presman ascribes the generation of EM waves to nucleic acids, such as RNA and DNA.32 In the bioelectronic model, these types of radiation are referred to under the generic heading of "biological fields". The electrostasis layer plays the role of a spherical waveguide reflecting the biological field back into the living system. The losses of the organism through radiation are minimized. Simultaneously this layer is set into rhythmical vibrations by the biological emitted field. It protects the organism from harmful EM radiation, and permits beneficial radiation to enter the organism.
The human body is able, due to electrostasis, to separate each component of this radiation according to the bodys anatomic makeup and need, and absorb the bands in the spectrum specific to that wavelength or frequency. In the practice of physical therapy and electrotherapy, various bands of energy are artifically applied to patients. The use of the cold laser is among the newer modalities. Research has indicated that the 6,328 angstromhelium-neon cold laser may stimulate intracellular structures and functions.33
Healing energy may induce piezoelectric or pyroelectric effects which modulate this surface layer. Under the influence of variable mechanical forces (pressure, tension, torsion), piezoelectric material generates charges resulting in a difference of electric potential. Pyroelectric substances do the same, but in a stable field of action of mechanical forces of the hydrostatic type. Temperature changes cause more molecules to be in higher vibrational energy states resulting in crossing over to a different electronic energy state. For some bioluminescent molecules this may result in biological pyroelectric phenomena.
The organism may be considered as an oscillator emitting a biological field with a large band spectrum. The nature of the biological oscillator is explained by the physics of dielectrics -- they behave like crystal semiconductors modified to the specific nature of the biological system in question. Further, the properties of semiconductors decide the drift of charges, ions, radicals and crystalochemical groups. The semiconductor manifests its properties in the presence of external electromagnetic fields or temperature. The electrostasis layer is a special one - it makes the semiconductor able to receive EM information from its environment.34
3.2.3 Bioplasma
Some insight into bioplasma may be gained by analogies with plasma physics. Plasma is sensitive to magnetic and electric fields, to wave acoustics, operational mechanics, and to gravitational fields and temperature, depending on its chemical composition. Its exceptional selectivity and responsiveness, through alteration of its own state, make plasma the ideal carrier system of information within living organisms.
This sort of plasma is basically diamagnetic; there are however, many factors which may locally produce paramagnetism. In the evolution of biological systems, several things were probably important: a) the growth of the number of electrical components forming the plasma; b) and the accumulation of paramagnetics and the formation of temporary paramagnetic centers in diamagnetic organic compounds.
Bioplasma can be thought of as an "averaged-out" state of all the energetic factors resulting from metabolism. In a semiconductive proteinaceous aqueous environment, ions, drift of charges, etc. contribute to the overall "bioplasma." In the process of evolution, the number of electrical and magnetic components which contributed to the formation of this form of plasma increased with the evolution of the organism. Bioplasma is not plasma in the strict physics sense of the word, yet displays some physical properties.
A good example of an accumulation of paramagnetics is the pyrolysis reaction which yields condensed pyridine rings. This has been studied experimentally in polyacrylonitrile.35 The reaction of pyridine latticization is enhanced by the presence of Fe, Cu and Cr atoms or by irradiation. The products of pyrolysis are paramagnetic, containing approximately 1019 unpaired electrons per gram of substance, even though the polymer is diamagnetic before pyrolysis. Nature presumably makes use of the same properties of heterocyclic rings in forming complexes involving Fein the case of heme, cyto-chromium or catalase, Cu in the case of hemocyanine, Mg in chlorophyll, and Co in cobalamine. Derivatives of pyridine have found extensive application in the organization of vital processes.36 Annular complexes with charge transfer, formed from aromatic amines and quinones with quadruple substitution, molecular oxygen, photexcited molecules in metastable triplet states, some organo-transition metal chelates, are other examples of paramagnetics. Research on charge-transfer paramagnetism has barely begun, we are still referring to semiconducting polymers.
Experimental attempts to prove the reality of bioplasma have been underway in Russia since 1968. Magnetic fluctuation and the concomitant emission of weak radiation are only different pictures of the same plasma discontinuity. Paramagnetic centers are quantum-mechanically "mobile," and vary according to the general magnetic state of the system and radiation. The term "plasmon", popular in solid state physics (an analog of excited states such as exciton or polaron) may be adequate for describing the biological oscillation in terms of plasma.
3.2.4 The Formation of Helical Structures
A separate issue is the formation of helical waves. Presumably, the helical structures of DNA and RNA are the product of a long molecular evolution. If bioplasma exists, it is quite possible that a "pinch" phenomena occured which caused a helical geometry to manifest - in the same way that "pinch" affects superheated gases magnetohydrodynamically. In addition, nucleic acids and their protein complexes are systems of strongly coupled spins.37 Anisotropic biological structures form a kind of guideway for plasmic processes. In some situations, such as in nucleic acids, they may direct electronic processes towards cyclotron motion -- along helical trajectories. Helical waves in plasma produce a strong axial magnetic field. The DNA helix may be the result of the action of this field on a paramagnetic medium of variable magnetic susceptibility.
3.2.5 Redox Reactions
If one accepts the idea of the temporary increase of paramagnetic centers in a diamagnetic medium, what may exist in a biological system is a magnetic analogy with an electronic state which can be described by an oxidative-reductive (redox) potential or magnetic "donor - acceptor" state. Plasma repels magnetic field lines or is itself repelled by them, or "freezes" field lines within itself. In such a description, diamagnetic to paramagnetic transitions can be expressed as "magnetic redox reactions". Sedlak describes such reactions as "dia-par" (dia to paramagnetic transitions). The analogy with redox processes may be further substantiated by the existence of charge transport between paramagnetic centers and diamagnetic molecules. Equally important is the subsistence of a level of diamagnetism (i.e. spin = 0 state) as a general background for "dia-par" processes. Most likely, the enzymatic decay of organic compounds serves a similar purpose in that the decay products are always diamagnetic.
3.2.6 Spin Waves
As a result there would be both plasma pulsations between paramagnetic and diamagnetic components, and spin pulsations within organic diamagnetics and paramagnetics (otherwise known as spin waves). In this spatial aspect, the plasma pulses occur between two dia-par systems, exciting spin waves within them. These two waves display a relative phase shift. This may be how the generation and decay of plasma takes place within a biological system rendering it subject to periodic states of magnetic compression.
4. Towards a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Model
4.1 MHD Biological Control
As we have discussed, living systems may be comprised of semiconducting proteinaceous oscillators. The biological semiconducting oscillator may emit a type of physical plasma. MHD phenomena are built on the existence of plasma. There may be some sort of MHD process at work in living systems.
Magnetohydrodynamic biological control was anticipated in 1967. 38 It is implied by the description of semiconductors in terms of plasma, by microplasmic features of hydrogen bonds, and the existence of bioplasma (the averaged-out description of electronic processes in a living organism). Control over the correct and sequential development of paramagnetic centers in a living system is presumably based on magnetic transmission over a plasma carrier. 39
Sedlak proposed that semiconducting organic matter consitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic components. These may thus form a paramagnetic "colloid" within a diamagnetic medium. Such a "colloidal" state is an essential condition for the propagation of an MHD wave. The activated particles must form an actual or colloidal solution, while preserving their paramagnetic properties. The medium consists of diamagnetic water, as well as saccharides, lipids and proteins.
A bioplasma implies the coexistence of phenomena like electrodynamics, electronics, and hydrodynamics, even in the absence of a fluid medium. One of the manifestations of this unification is given by the magnetohydrodynamic wave, that is, the wave propagation of magnetic field fluctuations in plasma, accompanied by real transport of magnetic energy. The recently discovered presence of very small amounts of ferromagnetic crystalline substances in the brain and meninges of humans lends some support to this notion. 40 It seems that a biological system, especially a ferromagnetic one, may posesses its own magnetic information, be highly sensitive to external field variations, and be responsive to spin variations in its organic structure.
MHD control of bioplasma provides an explanation for many effects. Above all, it points to two aspects of one and the same fact: life is, in its nature, electric -- however, its control takes place magnetically. The suitable arrangement of ferromagnetic atoms and the existence of temporary paramagnetic centers create a particular situation within the plasma, which undergoes abrupt changes in its properties under the action of a magnetic field, even a very weak one41.
The distribution of diamagnetics and paramagnetics, bioluminescence, semiconductivity of protein, and the plasma features of metabolic processes leads to conclusions concerning the control of vital functions. Plasma may be biologically maintained in a constantly agitated state of generation and decay through magnetohydrodynamic control. This state is correlated with other antagonistic situations, such as anabolism-catabolism, redox reactions, and dia-paramagnetism. It is moreover related to physiological currents and weakly luminescent effects. What is formed is a complex signaling system for MHD involving electric, magnetic, optical and acoustic effects 42
This signaling system must operate not only on the level of single macromolecules like DNA, but also on one of groups of molecules, biological complexes such as cells, tissues, organs and the organism, and above all on the level of the metabolism, as an ensemble of chemical processes. Reducing the matter to basics: in a plasma medium with the features of a conducting liquid, control is effected by magnetic mechanisms. Here hydrodynamics combines with electrodynamics, yielding magnetohydrodynamic vibrations. The common factor of the entire system is bioplasma, which seems therefore to be a carrier and receptor of those controls. Bioplasma is probably species specific.43
On top of this general wave-like background a more detailed communication takes place, involving weak bioluminescent radiation and all sorts of effects collectively termed the "biological field". On the same plasma substrate various other types of vibrations, other than MHD, may also develop -- such as optical, electric, gravitational, or mechanical. The plasma and the wave-like interactions within produce an inherent integrity of the system. The plasma is a source of all types of waves, which feed back on the plasma and display mutual cor-relation. 44
The motion of a conducting or semiconducting fluid material across magnetic lines of force induces some current. The magnetic fields associated with these currents modify the magnetic field which creates them. In other words, the fluid flow alters the electromagnetic state of the system. The electric current flow across a magnetic field is associated with the Lorentz force, which influences fluid flow. It is this intimate interdependence of hydrodynamics and electrodynamics which really defines and characterizes magnetohydrodynamics. Since charge and field effects within biological systems are "small" in contrast with the surrounding environment, ideas such as superconductivity and MHD may very well be useable concepts -- and be definable.
4.2 Application of Biological MHD to Healing
MHD has been successfully applied to large scale phenomena, such as sunspots, the general solar field, stellar magnetic fields, the geomagnetic field, and the direct conversion of energy. There is a great deal of difficulty, however, in demonstrating it in the laboratory. However, initial steps have been made in applying it to living systems.
For example, the concept of a "flow meter" has already been used to measure the flow of blood. (When a conducting fluid passes down an insulating pipe across which a steady magnetic field is applied, a potential gradient is created and can be measured by probes imbedded in the walls of the pipe). Semi-hydraulic systems are present in the circulatory system and in the cranio-sacral system.45 Perhaps a similar device could be developed to measure the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, and micromeasurements made during the expansion or contraction of the dural tube.
In magnetohydrodynamics there is a dimensionless number, symbolized by N, known as a magnetic force parameter. It contains terms of magnetic permeability, magnetic field strength, electrical conductivity, a characteristic length, mass density and fluid velocity.
In parallel, the living tissue matrix has: magnetic permeability, magnetic field strength, electrical conductivity, and mass density. There is a fluid velocity inherent in the tissue which, although not yet exactly defined, apparently can be affected by both pressure and magnetic field strength. The system possesses properties of piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and semiconduction. All the elements are present to begin to define a simple model of the magnetic force parameter for the connective tissue cytoplasm matrix. Elements of the fascia, especially the extracellular matrix, and in particular, the dural meninges, may be a type of "magnetofluid", a ferrofluid, whose flow properties become viscoplastic when modulated by a magnetic field and may be subject to laws of magnetohydrodynamic stability.
It is interesting to note that ferromagnetic fluids are collodial suspensions of single domain magnetic grains in a liquid vector, which have the fluidity of a homogenous liquid and magnetic susceptibility. The magnetic particles are so small in ferrofluids that the colloid magnetizes but still remains fluid. Kirschvinks work seems to indicate there is biogenic magnetite in the brain, pia, and dura, on the order of what is needed for a ferrofluid.46 Ferrofluids develop a volume force on the application of a magnetic field. If these collodial suspensions, in particular collagens, should also have liquid crystal properties (such asthose exhibited by lyotropic nematic liquid crystals), we may be looking at ferronematic crystals in these tissues which can orient with very small magnetic fields, and which can generate magnetohydrodynamic forces while being subject to them. In a sense, perhaps the human being is contained in his own "magnetic bottle", within the greater plasma sheet of the magnetosphere.
Perhaps, in the process of using healing energies, what effectively occurs is a form of "tuning" between healer and client. In MHD terms (to borrow from electrodynamic interaction in three dimensions) this process may be likened to the coalescence of two closed toroids of magnetic flux, with the biofields of the healer and the client merging at the center. These toroidal forms are rhythmically pulsing and may be modulated by the Schumann resonance. In "healing" the toroidal fields synchronize, with the weaker being strengthened. Loops of flux are created by this motion, sever from their parent ioops, and reconnect with themselves to form new flux loops, which gradually normalize and may disappear through ohmic losses depending on the homeostatis conditions of the client.47 This "diffusion" of energy throughout the clients system strengthens and feeds the homeostatic mechanisms (bioplasma), causing vibration and cellular oscillation, which in turn ultimately affects the physical condition of the client.
5.0 Conclusion
Collectively, from all of the works referred, one may state that there is a mechanism based on charge and field effects behind healing phenomena, one which is in its formative stages in terms of scientific definition. Some alternative healing practices, which have been around through the ages, and which we now class as complementary medicine, may be in part expressions of this mechanism. The basis for any healing may lie in the expression of restoring normal states of health bioelectronically, which in turn influences and is influenced by the biochemistry of living systems. Using tools of nonlinear thermodynamics, quantum electrodynamics, cybernetic models and open energy systems the image of our traditional "Homo Biochemicus" is being complemented slowly and lately further modified into the new image of "Homo Electronicus".
6.0 Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank William S. Yamanashi, Ph.D., University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK; Neil Mohon, Ph.D., The Upledger Institute, Palm Beach Gardens, FL; Carleton Hazlewood, Ph.D., Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Josef Zon, Ph.D., Catholic University, Lublin, Poland; Dr. Franco Bistolfi, Genova, Italy; and James L. Oshman, Ph.D., Dover, N.H. for their kind assistance in reading, reviewing and/or editing this manuscript. Special thanks to M.J. Allen, Ph.D., Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA., for encouragement. The funding for this review paper was provided by Neuro Magnetic Systems, San Antonio, TX.
7.0 References
1. D. Benor, Lessons from Spiritual Healing Research & Practice Subtle Energies, 3.1, (1992), p. 73-88.
2. J. Oschman, A Biophysical Basis for Acupuncture, (Naturess Own Research Association, P.O. Box 5101, Dover, N.H., 03820) p. 48-50.
3. I. Bentov, Micromotion of the Body as a Factor in the Development of the Nervous System in Sanella, L., Kundalini-- Psychosis or Transcendence, (H.S. Dakin Co., 3101 Washington Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, 1976), pp. 89 -91.
4. J. Oschman, op cit., p. 78.
5. J. Oschman, op cit., p. 49.
6. I. Bentov, op cit., pp. 90-91.
7. C.F. Blackman, S.G. Benane, D.J. Elliot, D. E. House, and M. M. Pollock, Influence of Electromagnetic Fields on the Efflux of Calcium Ions from Brain Tissue in Vitro: A Three-Model Analysis Consistent With the Frequency Response up to 510 Hz Bioelectromagnetics 9 (1988), 215-217.
8. As cited in I. Bentov, op. cit., p. 90.
9. H.W. Ludwig, Electromagnetic multiresonance - the basis of homeopathy and biophysical therapy. in Proceedings 42nd Congress Int. Homeopathic Med League, Am. Institute Homeopathy, Washington, D.C. and personal communication with Dr. Ludwig by Dr. Smith, as cited in C.W. Smith, op cit., p. 211.
10. C.W. Smith and R.D. Baker, Comments on the paper "Environmental Power-Frequency Magnetic Fields and Suicide, Health Phys 43 pp. 439-441. Numerous other references on this subject are found in E. Sugarman,Warning: The Electricity Around You May be Hazardous to your Health, (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1992). Appendix A of this book contains a summary of major studies to date.
11.A full review and treatment of these phenomena can be found in F. Bistolfi, Biostructures and Radiation Order Disorder, (Edizioni Minerva Medica, Torino, Italy, 1991), pp. 123-143. On ferromagnetic material in the human meninges and brain, see: Kirschvink, et al. Magnetite Biomineralization in the Human Brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press 1993. For additional information on paramagnetism and diamagnetism: see Magnetite Biomineralization and Magnetoreception in Organisms, ed. Kirschvink, et al., (Plenum Press, New York, 1985) and Biomagnetism, an Interdisciplinaty Approach, (Plenum Press, New York, 1983). For information on the effect of magnetic fields on biological systems, see T. Tenforde, Magnetic Field Effects on Biological Systems, (Plenum Press, New York, 1979). Of particular interest is W. Ross Adeys contribution, Long-Range Electromagnetic Field Interactions at Brain Cell Surfaces, on pp. 57-80.
12.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika: 1967-19 77, ed., Julian Aleksandrowicz, (Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, Warsaw, Poland, 1979) and W. Sedlak, Ed., Bioelektronika, MaterialyI Krajowego Sympozjum, (Catholic University, Lublin, Poland, 1982). This latter work features over twenty contributions by Eastern Eurpean scientists. (Both volumes in Polish).
13. F. Bistolfi, Ed., Campi Magnetici in Medicina, (Edizione Minerva Medica, Torino, Italy, 1986). This work features contributions of over 60 authors on magnetic fields in medicine (In Italian, some in English).
14.C.W.Smith, Electromagnetic Effects in Humans, in Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli, ed. W.H. Fröhlich, (Springer Verlag, New York, 1988), p. 207.
15. C.W. Smith, op cit., p. 207.
16. Bistolfi, F., op cit., p. 84.
17. H. Fröhlich, Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli, (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988) p. 6.
18. C. F. Hazlewood, B.L. Nichols, and N.F. Chamberlain, Nature 222 (1969) 747. See also F.W. Cope, Structured Water and Complexed Na and K ions in Biological Systems in Jellinek ed., Water Structure at the Water-Polymer Interface, (Plenum Press, New York).
19. Transport processes are anisotropic in liquid crystals. Perturbation of a transport process through a liquid crystalline membrane was outlined in M. Labes, Magnetic Field Coupling With Liquid Crystalline Structures. in Tenforde, T., Ed., Magnetic Field Effects on Biological Systems, Plenum Press, (1979), p. 85. See also P. Collins, Liquid Crystals: Natures Delicate Phase of Matter, Princeton University Press, NJ.(1990) p. 203-216.
20. A. Pischinger, Matrü~ and Matrix Regulation, (Haug, Brussels, 8th ed., 1990) p. 13.
21. K.J. Pienta, and D.S. Coffey, Cellular harmonic information transfer through a tissue tensegrity-matrix system. Medical Hypotheses 34 (1991) pp. 88-95.
22. R.O. Becker, Evidence for a primitive DC electrical analog system controlling brain function, Subtle Energies 2 1 (1991) pp. 7 1-88, and Modern Bioelectromagnetics and Functions of the Central Nervous System, Subtle Energies, 3 1 (1992) pp. 53-72.
23.A. Partin, J.T. Issacs, B. Treiger and D. Coffey, Early cell motility changes associated with an increase in metastatic ability in rat prostatic cancer cells transfected with the v-harvey-ras oncogene. Cancer Research 48 (1988) p. 6050.
24.W. Sedlak, Homo Electronicus (Instytut Wydawniczy Pax, Warsaw, Poland, 1980), pp. 69-77.
25. Y.C. Fung, Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 2nd ed., (Springer Verlag, New York, NY 1993). pp. 265-269.
26. F. Bistolfi, op cit. pp. 6 1-66.
27. S. R. Hameroff, Coherence in the cytoskeleton: implications for biological information processing, In: Fröhlich, H., Ed. Biological coherence and responses to external stimuli, (Springer Verlag, New York, NY 1988) pp.. 242-266. Also cited in F. Bistolfi, op cit., p. 65.
28. W. Seldak, Postepyfizyki zycia (PAX Instytut, Warsaw, 1984), pp. 13 1-143.
29. K. Li, Coherent Radiation from DNA Molecules, in Popp, F.A., Ed., Recent Advances in Biophoton Research and its Applications, (World Scientific, Singapore, 1992), pp. 157 - 192.
30. W. Seldak,Bioelektronika, p. 52.
31.A.W.Gurwitch, Versuch einer synthetischen Biologie, in Abhandlungen zur theoretischen Biologie, Ch. 17, (Berlin, 1923), as cited in Sedlak, Bioelectronika.
32. A.S. Presman, O roli elektromagnitnych polej w processach w zizniediejaticlnosti. in Biofizyka, IX (1964) 131-134, as cited in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 97.
33. J. Kahn ,Principles and Practice of Electrotherapy, (Churchill Livingston, New York, 1987) p.1
34. W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 83.
35.W. Sedlak, Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w uldadach biologicznych, Kosmos A, XIX (1970), p. 143.
36.M. Kryszewski, Polprzewodniki wielkoczasteczkowe. (Warsaw, 1968), as quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p.190.
37.L. A. Blumenfeld, A. E. Kalmanson, P.G. Shen, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 124, (1959) p. 1114, as quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 190.
38.W. Sedlak, Elektrostaza i ewolucja organiczna, (Electrostatis and organic evolution) in: Roczniki Filozoficzne, 3 (1967) p. 31.
39.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika p. 196.
40. J. Kirschvink, et. al, Magnetite Biomineralization in the Human Brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, in press for 1993. (Preprint obtained from California Institute of Technology, Office of Public Relations, Pasadena, CA 91125.)
41.W. L. Ginzburg, Fale elektromagnetyczne w plasmie. (Warsaw, 1964). As quoted in Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 197.
42.W. Sedlak, Bioelektronika, p. 197.
43.W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 197.
44.W. Sedlak, op cit., p. 198.
45. J. E. Upledger, and J. D. Vredevoogd, Craniosacral Therapy (Eastland Press, Seattle, WA 1983), pp. 14-20.
46. J. Kirschvink, et. al., op cit., p. 1 of preprint.
47. P.H. Roberts, An Introduction to Magnetohydrodynamics, (School of Mathematics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Longmans Publishing, 1967). This out-of-print book is available through University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.
Copyright c. 1994 by Leane E. Roffey. All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording or any information storage and retrival system, without permission in writing from Leane Roffey Line. Reissued as a white paper in March, 2006 by Leane Roffey Line for publication at www.bioelektronika.com.
Gariaev - DNA Biohologram
Crisis in Life Sciences. The Wave Genetics Response.
P.P. Gariaev*, M.J. Friedman**, and E.A. Leonova- Gariaeva***
Abstract: To create an organism, two genetic programs are required. The first one is geometric, i.e. a scheme, how to design the body. The second program is in the form of a meaningful text which contains instructions and explanations how to use the first program, how to understand and build the organism. These programs exist in the form of “DNA video tapes”, which are used by the genetic apparatus, acting like a bio-computer. When the bio-computer reads these video tapes, sound and light images appear that constitute the movie program of the development of the organism. When the creation of a grown-up organism is completed, the movie ends. Then the second movie starts, which contains the instructions for maintenance of the organism for indefinitely long time. Unfortunately, the videotapes containing information about a perfectly healthy organism, get corrupted with time, errors accumulate (DNA mutations). The instructions accumulate errors and the organism gets sick, grows old and dies. It is very likely that these DNA video tapes can be renewed and corrected. With this new understanding of how our genetic apparatus works, completely new technologies for healing a person and extending a person’s life become feasible. And this is the essence of Wave Genetics and its practical applications to come.
Full Text and Photos - http://www.emergentmind.org/gariaev06.htm
1. Genetics and its problems
“Central dogma” of genetics
The genetic apparatus of every organism on Earth, including humans, consists of chromosomes, where all genetic information of an organism, such as DNA or RNA, is stored. The paradigm or “Central dogma” of genetics and molecular biology states that:
1) The genetic apparatus operates as a purely material structure.
2) All the functions of genetic control of an organism are localized in approximately 2% of DNA, the so called coding DNA of an organism. The remaining 98% of the genetic apparatus code for nothing, and are garbage or junk DNA, which mainly represents a graveyard of virus DNA.
The 2% coding DNA code for proteins and RNA. Note however that the genes of a human, a fly, a warm or a plant are almost indistinguishable.
Biologists and geneticists use the language of analogies and metaphors to explain how the genetic apparatus operates. The genetic apparatus consisting of 46 chromosomes is viewed as a library consisting of 46 volumes or books. Each book (a chromosome), contains a text (instructions of how to build an organism) which consists of sentences (DNA) made of words (genes). And each word (a gene) consists of 4 letters (certain “chemical letters”), i.e. the “genetic alphabet” consists of only 4 “letters”. The material realizations of the DNA molecules are famous double helixes, consisting of segments which are genes. In essence, the genetic apparatus operates as follows. The texts, written in the “DNA language”, are first translated by the organism into the “RNA language” and then into the “Protein language”. And proteins are the stuff that we are mostly made of (not counting water). Proteins perform two principal functions in the organism: they metabolize substances that we eat and participate in the morphogenesis, i.e. development of the spatial-temporal organization of an organism.
Here texts are 2% coding DNA, which are matter and matter only, like a physical book. And the analogy with a book ends here.
What genetics currently cannot explain
We point here to some important well established facts within genetics which the “Central dogma” of genetics cannot explain. As everyone knows, huge biological differences between different species are transmitted from parents to children. In other words, there are huge genetic differences between different organisms. At the same time, genes and proteins are practically the same for different species. Hence one can think about proteins as a set of “bricks” that can be used to build and maintain all kind of “houses”, i.e. organisms: plants, animals, humans. One unresolved problem: how to explain huge differences in the morphogenesis, i.e. in the development of an organism from an embryo, between different species?
The genome (total sum of all genetic material) of an organism cannot consist of 98% garbage. This is nonsense from the perspective of evolution, which throws away anything unnecessary. Geneticists and embryologists discovered existence of special proteins which determine the shape and size of particular parts of an embryo, i.e. a hand, an ear, etc. However, this description contains a key unresolved problem, namely, some of these proteins are synthesized in one place of an organism, while their action in the form of a command is immediately expressed in another place of the embryo separated from the first one by hundreds of cells. There is no explanation for this immediate distant transmission of the command.
2. Experimental data questions “Central dogma” of genetics and the paradigm of life sciences
Some critical experimental data has been rapidly accumulating over the recent decades. This data unambiguously points to significant gaps and inconsistencies in “Central dogma” of genetics. Moreover, this data challenges us to find the courage in ourselves to rethink and revise the whole premise of our understanding of the nature of life. We summarize here the highlights of this data.
DNA phantom effect
A quartz cuvette with a DNA sample is moved from one location to another. And a trace, a phantom, is left in the air in the original location of the sample. This phenomenon was registered using the laser spectroscopy method by P. Gariaev in 1984 in Russia and by the group of R. Pecora in 1990 in the U.S.A. Gariaev also investigated the stability of the phantom and he found the following. After blowing the phantom away by the gaseous nitrogen, it comes back in 5-8 minutes. And the phantom disappears completely after 1 month. We remark that sound waves radiated by the DNA molecules were registered in these experiments.
P.P. Gariaev*, M.J. Friedman**, and E.A. Leonova- Gariaeva***
Abstract: To create an organism, two genetic programs are required. The first one is geometric, i.e. a scheme, how to design the body. The second program is in the form of a meaningful text which contains instructions and explanations how to use the first program, how to understand and build the organism. These programs exist in the form of “DNA video tapes”, which are used by the genetic apparatus, acting like a bio-computer. When the bio-computer reads these video tapes, sound and light images appear that constitute the movie program of the development of the organism. When the creation of a grown-up organism is completed, the movie ends. Then the second movie starts, which contains the instructions for maintenance of the organism for indefinitely long time. Unfortunately, the videotapes containing information about a perfectly healthy organism, get corrupted with time, errors accumulate (DNA mutations). The instructions accumulate errors and the organism gets sick, grows old and dies. It is very likely that these DNA video tapes can be renewed and corrected. With this new understanding of how our genetic apparatus works, completely new technologies for healing a person and extending a person’s life become feasible. And this is the essence of Wave Genetics and its practical applications to come.
Full Text and Photos - http://www.emergentmind.org/gariaev06.htm
1. Genetics and its problems
“Central dogma” of genetics
The genetic apparatus of every organism on Earth, including humans, consists of chromosomes, where all genetic information of an organism, such as DNA or RNA, is stored. The paradigm or “Central dogma” of genetics and molecular biology states that:
1) The genetic apparatus operates as a purely material structure.
2) All the functions of genetic control of an organism are localized in approximately 2% of DNA, the so called coding DNA of an organism. The remaining 98% of the genetic apparatus code for nothing, and are garbage or junk DNA, which mainly represents a graveyard of virus DNA.
The 2% coding DNA code for proteins and RNA. Note however that the genes of a human, a fly, a warm or a plant are almost indistinguishable.
Biologists and geneticists use the language of analogies and metaphors to explain how the genetic apparatus operates. The genetic apparatus consisting of 46 chromosomes is viewed as a library consisting of 46 volumes or books. Each book (a chromosome), contains a text (instructions of how to build an organism) which consists of sentences (DNA) made of words (genes). And each word (a gene) consists of 4 letters (certain “chemical letters”), i.e. the “genetic alphabet” consists of only 4 “letters”. The material realizations of the DNA molecules are famous double helixes, consisting of segments which are genes. In essence, the genetic apparatus operates as follows. The texts, written in the “DNA language”, are first translated by the organism into the “RNA language” and then into the “Protein language”. And proteins are the stuff that we are mostly made of (not counting water). Proteins perform two principal functions in the organism: they metabolize substances that we eat and participate in the morphogenesis, i.e. development of the spatial-temporal organization of an organism.
Here texts are 2% coding DNA, which are matter and matter only, like a physical book. And the analogy with a book ends here.
What genetics currently cannot explain
We point here to some important well established facts within genetics which the “Central dogma” of genetics cannot explain. As everyone knows, huge biological differences between different species are transmitted from parents to children. In other words, there are huge genetic differences between different organisms. At the same time, genes and proteins are practically the same for different species. Hence one can think about proteins as a set of “bricks” that can be used to build and maintain all kind of “houses”, i.e. organisms: plants, animals, humans. One unresolved problem: how to explain huge differences in the morphogenesis, i.e. in the development of an organism from an embryo, between different species?
The genome (total sum of all genetic material) of an organism cannot consist of 98% garbage. This is nonsense from the perspective of evolution, which throws away anything unnecessary. Geneticists and embryologists discovered existence of special proteins which determine the shape and size of particular parts of an embryo, i.e. a hand, an ear, etc. However, this description contains a key unresolved problem, namely, some of these proteins are synthesized in one place of an organism, while their action in the form of a command is immediately expressed in another place of the embryo separated from the first one by hundreds of cells. There is no explanation for this immediate distant transmission of the command.
2. Experimental data questions “Central dogma” of genetics and the paradigm of life sciences
Some critical experimental data has been rapidly accumulating over the recent decades. This data unambiguously points to significant gaps and inconsistencies in “Central dogma” of genetics. Moreover, this data challenges us to find the courage in ourselves to rethink and revise the whole premise of our understanding of the nature of life. We summarize here the highlights of this data.
DNA phantom effect
A quartz cuvette with a DNA sample is moved from one location to another. And a trace, a phantom, is left in the air in the original location of the sample. This phenomenon was registered using the laser spectroscopy method by P. Gariaev in 1984 in Russia and by the group of R. Pecora in 1990 in the U.S.A. Gariaev also investigated the stability of the phantom and he found the following. After blowing the phantom away by the gaseous nitrogen, it comes back in 5-8 minutes. And the phantom disappears completely after 1 month. We remark that sound waves radiated by the DNA molecules were registered in these experiments.
Sidorov
Biophysical Mechanisms of Genetic Regulation: Is There a Link to Mind-Body Healing?
Lian Sidorov, DDS & Kevin Chen, Ph.D. MPH
(This paper is based on a presentation made at the First International Conference
on the Science of Whole Person Healing, March 28-30, 2003 Washington DC)
ABSTRACT: Over the past several decades, pioneering biophysics work has shown that living tissues interact with electric and magnetic fields in unexpected and dramatic ways. From initial anecdotal accounts of enhanced healing under electromagnetic stimulation, research in this field has progressed to a sophisticated arsenal of investigative tools and theoretical models which include polarized light microscopy to study the liquid crystal properties of living cells and laser-excitation of DNA to induce hybridization through non-molecular information transfer. In almost all cases, the results point to a set of remarkable properties of living tissues, and in particular of genetic material: the emerging picture is that of biosystems as sources and domains of coherent electromagnetic fields, which account for practically instantaneous inter-cellular communication and a highly efficient mechanism of energy utilization, and which seem to reflect very closely the developmental and patho-physiological state of the organism. In addition, a wide spectrum of genetic mechanisms now appear to be under the influence of surrounding electromagnetic fields.
At the same time, an impressive number of studies in the areas of parapsychology and mind-body medicine converge to show that conscious intent can affect practically every single type of genetic program, as well as many physiological parameters [1]. These studies also show that such effects can be produced from great distances, and that occasionally they are accompanied by unusual energy signatures.
Is there a correlation between the effects of electromagnetic fields and those of mental intent on genetic regulation and living tissues? This paper will discuss the major experimental evidence and proposed mechanisms of these interactions, as well as the principal obstacles lying in the way of a viable, comprehensive theory. At the same time, we will attempt to formulate several preliminary hypotheses based on this evidence and to sketch some possible directions for future research in this field.
Keywords: genetic control architecture, EMFs, coherence, liquid crystals, interference grids, photon polarization, psycho-physiological remodeling, nonlocal communication, topological geometrodynamics
INTRODUCTION
The history of mind-body medicine in the modern era has been one of continuous struggle against both the derisive attitudes of a scientific mainstream firmly embedded into a reductionist, materialistic mind frame and the conceptual difficulties of studying something as elusive as the contents of consciousness. While gradual correlations with general factors such as stress have lead to the acceptance of psychoneuroimmunology as a legitimate field of study, there is very little material in the medical literature about other, more specific effects that mental intent might have on the body.
This unfortunate state of affairs, we hope, is about to change. Over the past decade, thousands of studies have been conducted all over the world, looking at the interactions between conscious intent and living systems - from biomolecules and single celled organisms to human beings - and describing statistically significant effects in very concrete, histological and physiological terms. These studies, reported in the scientific parapsychology literature as well as in some physics and biomedical publications, are part of a rapidly growing body of "human potential science" projects - frontier programs funded by governments such as Japan and China to look at exceptional human abilities and harness their implications. Similar studies have also been carried out in the US, Russia, Germany and other Western countries, unfortunately under less supportive conditions which are generally reflected by their more conservative protocols. A large proportion of this material is now available in abstract format through English-language publications such as D. Benor's "Spiritual Healing: Scientific Evidence of a Healing Revolution" (Vision Publications, 2001 Edition) and the Qigong Institute's Database CD-ROM, updated yearly.
In another paper [1], we have reviewed the main classes of studies described in this literature, with a focus on genetic functions - showing how practically every major genetic program (from DNA replication and cell division rates to gene-specific transcription, translation and mutagenesis, to cell differentiation and apoptosis) can be modulated by intent under experimental conditions. In this follow-up article, we would like to take the discussion one step further and begin to look at a possible mechanism that might account for these startling experimental findings.
The present model of genetic control, based on chemical messengers, transcription factors, molecular feedback loops, enzyme conformation, promoter regions and other forms of cis-/trans modulatory regulation is restricted to describing these all-important programs at a primarily intra-cellular level which fails to fully account for the astounding degree of synchronization between the billions of cells comprising the human body. It has been shown that on average four to eight different transcription factors service each gene's regulatory module and that many hundreds to thousands of genes must be coherently expressed in order to create any given tissue or multicellular structure [2 - p. 9]. Thus higher-level aspects of growth and development, as well as pathological and healing processes, such as the differential spatio-temporal expression of DNA in specialized cells and the emergence/loss of complex architecture during embryogenesis or malignant growth, are still a matter of heated debate and speculation [3,77]
How does the DNA material in each cell respond to its variable environmental circumstances in a way which reflects the cell's lineage, internal clock and also the activities of thousands of cells in its immediate vicinity? Are chemical messengers sufficient to account for the speed and accuracy of this large-scale orchestration, or are there higher levels of genetic control architecture yet to be discovered? We believe that sufficient evidence has already accumulated to support the existence of such nonlocal, non-molecular controls. We also believe, along with a growing number of biophysical research scientists, that the key to the most effective preventive and therapeutic health interventions lies in the understanding of genetic regulation at the top levels of the control hierarchy - that is, in the way cells communicate with each other, their environment and, possibly, with the poorly-understood physical correlates of mental intent.
We have therefore divided this article into several parts: in the first section we will try to challenge the strict biomolecular approach to medicine by presenting a number of studies which clearly demonstrate that electromagnetic fields play a major role in genetic expression; the second part will briefly review the main characteristics of mind-matter interactions with respect to living systems; finally the discussion will attempt to draw parallels between the biophysical and consciousness-mediated mechanisms and point to theoretical models that might account for the effects of intent on targeted biological structures in a nonlocal framework.
I. THE EFFECTS OF WEAK EM FIELDS ON GENETIC PROGRAMS
A. CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN ADULT, EMBYONIC AND MALIGNANT STATES
The work of Rose and Becker (1940s-1970s)
Observing that three major characteristics of malignant cells (cell simplicity, mitotic speed and metabolic priority) were also typical of embryonic growth and regeneration, in 1948 Meryl Rose conducted a landmark experiment designed to test whether the physiological environment of regeneration could take over the controls of tumor cells. After transplanting pieces of frog kidney tumor to the limbs of salamanders and watching them grow, he amputated the leg just below or, in some cases, right through the tumor mass. As opposed to controls, where the tumor metastasized and ended up killing the host, these specimens demonstrated a remarkable phenomenon: the tumor cells dedifferentiated more fully as the blastema formed, then redifferentiated along with the blastema - thus proving that "the regeneration's guidance system could control cancer, too" [4 - p. 217]. Furthermore, replicating experiments conducted in 1962-1963 by F. Seilern-Aspang and K. Kratochwil at the Austrian Cancer Institute showed that, in cases where the primary tumor was in the tail, amputation of the tail below that level (i.e. leaving the primary tumor intact) resulted in total disappearance of both the primary mass and all its distant metastases as the tail regenerated [4 - p. 220] - thus complete healing of two aetiologically-distinct injuries. Although this result was obtained only when the amputation was close to the site of the primary tumor, it demonstrated beyond doubt that the key to such "spontaneous remission" was a shift in the tumor's immediate environment - most probably the electrical currents in the neuroepidermal junction, which Becker would later prove were the initiators of regeneration.
In 1961, Becker and his team found that applying a very weak current (in the order of a billionth of an ampere) to a culture of nucleated frog red blood cells induced complete dedifferentiation in the cells, which reactivated their nuclei, lost all hemoglobin and became primitive (unspecialized) in the space of four hours [4 - p. 143].
These changes, which were later found in the RBCs of fish and other reptiles, suggested a reactivation of the DNA - for once the staining characteristics of the nucleus shifted, the process continued even if the current was interrupted. All the changes involved paralleled those found in the salamander limb blastemas, demonstrating that the process of regeneration was initiated by an endogenous "current of injury". Applying this knowledge to wound healing in mammals, in 1971 Beckers's team stimulated the bone marrow of rats' amputated forelegs with a 1 nanoampere current and managed to obtain partial regeneration of the limb, including new, well organized bone, cartilage, muscle, blood and nerve tissue: at least ten types of cells had differentiated from the blastema, and some specimens even demonstrated the rudiments of finger cartilage. [4 - p. 153]
What is the nature of this endogenous current which preoccupied Becker for over three decades? Far from being restricted to areas of injury, as originally believed, Becker showed in a series of ingenious experiments that the entire body of a living organism was permeated by a weak DC current, which furthermore appeared to reverse its polarity as the organism's state of consciousness changed from awake to deep sedation/anaesthesia. By demonstrating the Hall effect in the leg of a salamander as it regained consciousness [4 - p. 101], Becker showed that this DC potential was a semiconductor current - in other words, that the carriers were electrons in a semiconducting lattice. But to admit the existence of a semiconductor current permeating and regulating the brain-body continuum, one must be ready to look for an appropriate substrate. Semiconduction requires an ordered molecular structure, such as crystals, in which electrons can exist in a delocalized fashion and flow coherently across large distances with minimal dissipation of energy - a very different model from the type of conduction associated with neurons. In the wet, warm, perpetually-fluctuating environment which is the living organism, what could possibly constitute a proper matrix for this type of phenomenon?
B. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EMFs AND DNA
EVIDENCE FROM BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LABS (1990s-2003)
Before addressing the nature of semiconduction in living tissues, let us review a few more interesting studies which look at the effects of electromagnetic fields on DNA regulation.
In a 2002 study, Tofani et al.. found a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth (40%) and increase in survival time (31%) when mice bearing a subcutaneous human colon adenocarcinoma (WiDr) were exposed to 70min/day 5.5mT magnetic fields with 50 Hz modulation for 4 weeks; a decrease in tumor cell mitotic index and proliferative activity and increase in apoptosis were also observed - with no adverse or abnormal effects [5]
In a similar study reported by Simko et al.. [6], extremely-low frequency EMFs (0.1-1mT, 50Hz) applied continuously for 48-72 hrs resulted in increased micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed cell lines (human squamous cell carcinoma SCL II), but no adverse effects in normal, non-transformed cells. Cell death induction consistent with apoptosis was also reported in two transformed cell lines (WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma and MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma) that were exposed to 1mT magnetic fields modulated by 50Hz ELFs). Cells with daily exposure of 70 min. for 4 weeks showed significant tumor growth inhibition (up to 50%) by the end of treatment. No toxic morphological changes were observed in renewing, slowly proliferating or static normal cells. [7]
Zhou et al. [9] have shown that a 72 hr exposure of HL60 cells to 50Hz, 0.1-0.8 mT magnetic fields resulted in an increased transcription level for tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 and interleukin Il-6Ralpha mRNA expression.
Zhao [10] examined the promotion of DNA synthesis in PDL fibroblasts under exposure to 0.14T magnetic field for 10,40,60,120 min/day x 1week, comparing these to similar treatments every other day. Remarkably, he found that the cellular DNA contents increased proportionally with exposure time in the daily-treated samples, while no significant changes were found if the treatments occurred on alternate days. He concluded that the magnetic field had a cumulative, threshold-dependent and time-delayed effect on DNA synthesis.
Eichwald & Walleczek [11] found that ELF (extremely low frequency) EMFs controlled calcium uptake regulation in T lymphocytes: a bi-phasic response (stimulation/inhibition) was identified depending on the degree of cellular activation. The authors also noted that this, in turn, may affect other cellular processes that are Ca dependent - ie DNA synthesis
Sontag & Dertinger [12] reported that human promyelocytes (HL-60) exposed for 5 minutes to an amplitude-modulated, 4000 kHz interferential current (25, 250 and 2500 microA/cm^2) showed windows of significant stimulation and depression in intracellular cAMP within the range of frequencies studied (0-125 Hz).
In a study by Kubinyi et al.., t-RNA synthetase activity isolated from the brain and liver of mice exposed to microwave radiation (2.45 GHz) during gestation showed a decrease after continuous wave exposure, and an increase in activity after amplitude-modulated irradiation [13]
It is interesting to note that many of these studies specifically report finding no adverse effects on normal cells exposed to the same EM fields.
Finally, Blank and Soo [14] reviewed evidence that EM fields interact with the activity of the cell membrane enzymes Na,K-ATPase and cytochrome oxidase in a frequency-dependent manner - but argued that, in addition, large electron flows known to exist within the stacked base pairs of DNA could interact directly with EM currents and lead to gene activation [15]. One finding that supports this contention is that DNA transcription in cell-free solutions can be activated by electromagnetic fields [16].
C. ENDOGENOUS COHERENT FIELDS: BIOSYSTEMS AS DYNAMIC HOLOGRAMS
EVIDENCE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOPHYSICS
(1970s-2003)
All living systems emit light spontaneously: these ultra-weak emissions range from a few up to several hundred photons per second per square centimeter of surface area. The distribution spectrum ranges from infra-red to ultra-violet and is nearly flat, which indicates that the energy is emitted from a wide range of excited molecules and stored in a delocalized manner within the system. Based on the characteristics of these emissions, Popp and others [17, 18] have shown that the source of the biophotons is a coherent photon field within the organism. The dominating role of source and sink for the biophoton field is the DNA molecule [17, 24] (in fact the mammalian red blood cells, which do not have active chromatine, are the only cells which do not emit biophotons).
Photon fluxes play a remarkable number of biological roles as either carriers of information (in enzyme activation, phototropism, photomorphogenesis, phototaxis, regulation of gene expression, vision) or as a driving energy for biological processes [21]. Furthermore, it is knownthat both the intensity and the spectrum of the biophoton emission are strongly correlated with the physiological and developmental state of the organism: for example, [22, 23, 25] report significantly higher levels of photon emission from surgically removed tumors compared to normal tissues, a non-linear correlation between BPE and growth rate, and further correlations between the ultra-weak light from the fingertips of patients and their age and certain physiopathological states. These findings offer ample support to the thesis that biophotons are intimately related to the regulation of critical biological functions.
Noting correlations between optical properties of molecules and their carcinogenic activity, Popp has suggested that cancer induction is related to the loss of coherence of a photon field in the living tissues, originating from excited states of DNA [26, 27]. Growth regulation is based on the death rate of cells, with sudden cell death and mitosis having to balance each other perfectly. With 10^7 cells dying every second in the human body, this information has to travel a distance of at least 10^-3 cm in 10^-7 seconds, which is much faster than the velocity of messenger molecules, approaching the velocity of sound. If it is assumed that the message is holistic and "communicated" to the entire body, then the scale becomes 1 meter, and the speed of transmission reaches electromagnetic values. Thus cancer can be seen as an imbalance between cell growth and death due to a deterioration of intercellular and full-body communication systems [17] - and indeed, research has shown [25] that the characteristics of biophoton emission curves are different for normal versus tumor tissues.
The spatio-temporal coherence of biophoton fields means that complex electromagnetic (EM) interference patterns are created throughout the organism: the more coherent the light, the sharper the interference patterns. It has been suggested by Popp, Gariaev and others that these patterns may be the basis of morphogenesis and structural/biochemical regulation of the organism throughout its life - an EM blueprint guiding the development, repair and even social behavior of organisms. The phase information within and between cells is hypothesized to act as a biological control parameter regulating the growth and differentiation of cells, with constructive interference domains intra-cellularly and destructive interference in the extra-cellular matrix [24]. Experimental evidence such as the phantom leaf effect [28], the delayed luminescence function of tumor cells and the distribution of Daphnia larvae [29, 30, 18]certainly seem to support this hypothesis.
One of the most remarkable findings to shed some light on the possible mechanism of biophoton control comes from Ho's laboratory: in 1993, she and Lawrence discovered that, under polarized light microscopy, the extraordinary level of molecular coherence makes organisms appear crystalline. This dynamic coherence is a continuum that extends from intracellular molecules to the cytoplasm, extracellular matrix and the connective tissues throughout the organism [18]. The lipids in cellular membranes, the cytoskeletal and muscle proteins, collagen and other connective tissue macromolecules, as well as the DNA in chromosomes - all these essential and ubiquitous molecules of living systems are liquid crystals [31, 32]. Consequently, the organism may be seen as a solid state possessing many of the physical characteristics of these highly interesting materials.
Liquid crystals (LCs) are mesophases - states of matter between the solid and liquid phase. While they possesss long range orientational order, they are highly mobile and responsive, undergoing orientation changes (phase transitions) when exposed to a wide variety of stimuli, including electromagnetic fields, temperature and pressure changes, hydration, pH, concentrations of inorganic ions and other psysico-chemical parameters [31, 32]. LC can convert information about minute changes in pressure, temperature and light into electrical currents (they are piezoelectric, pyroelectric and photoelectric). Finally, they are permanently modified (sensitized) by the passage of electrical currents so as to facilitate the future passage of such currents [4 -p. 257).
Considering these arguments, Mae-Wan Ho suggests that the LC matrix may act as a quantum holographic medium which records interference patterns between local events and the global body field - an idea which finds full agreement with Gariaev's experimental work [33].
D. EVIDENCE FROM THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
GARIAEV's DNA-wave BIOCOMPUTER (1990s-2003)
Since the early '90s, Peter Gariaev's team has been developing a new theoretical and experimental approach to the study of genetic material encoding and expression. In a pioneering series of papers [28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38], he and his colleagues challenge the limits of the genetic code triplet model and propose instead a dual, substantive/wave basis for the encoding and expression of genetic material. The wave-like, non-local aspect of genetic regulation is recorded at the polarization level of DNA-associated photons, and the genome is seen as a quasi-hologram of light and radio waves which creates the background necessary for the appropriate expression of genetic material.
Some of the experimental evidence cited in support of this new model is listed below:
1. the existence of homonymous-synonymous ambiguities of genetic texts;
2. the virus-like strain specificity of prions in the absence of nucleic acid material;
3. the role of introns: statistical analysis using the Zipf-Mandelbrot law reveals that DNA non-coding sequences, which account for 95-98% of the genome, have more in common with natural languages and demonstrate more long-distance correlations than coding sequences; this, according to the authors, is a strong indication that non-coding areas are the basis for one or more biological languages and represent "a strategic informational content of chromosomes";
4. the ability of DNA and chromatin in vitro to be pumped as a laser-active medium for subsequent laser light generation;
5. Dzang Kangeng's experiments: successful wave transmission of genetic information from donor biosystem to an accepting one via split laser beams fed repeatedly through the optically-active donor biosystem, then delivered to the receiving biosystem in early developmental stages. Mixed characteristics of these non-molecular hybrids (seeds and chicks) were transferred to the next generation without need for further irradiation. (Although Kangeng provides no theoretical interpretation of the operational device, the authors' previous work with laser mirrors closely parallels his protocol, leading them to conclude that the polarized laser beam split into orthogonal waves which, by repeated passing through the optically active donor DNA and multiple interference with itself, lead to the phenomenon of photon field localization and information recording);
6. the authors' similar experiments with polarization-laser-radio-wave (PLRW) spectroscopy, whereby they used orthogonally polarized EM beams to repair the genetic information of old radioactively-damaged seeds from the Chernobyl area (1987).
The authors argue that the genome emits light and radio-waves whose delocalized interference patterns create calibration fields (blueprints) for a system's space-time organization. This holographic-type information is being constantly and simultaneously read in billions of cells, accounting for the quick coordinated response typical of living systems. Gariaev and his team suggest that the genome operates like a "complex multi-wave laser with adjustable frequencies", able to produce light and radio waves which regulate the biosystem's space and time organization. This complex background is the basis for the correct expression of genetic material (peptide codes) during embyogenesis and adult life, accounting for the elusive self-regulation and specificity of DNA function in various tissues and under various conditions. Various solitons (optical, acoustic, conformational, rotable-oscillating, etc) excited in polynucleotide areas, and transmitted over large distances significantly exceeding the hydrogen-bond length, "become the apparatus for continual (non-local) reading of context RNA sequences on a whole".
On the basis of this model, the authors suggest that the activation of oncogenes and xenobiotic HIV sequences is dependent on genome holographic processes and therefore that future research in these high-profile areas should focus on the factors modulating such EM field characteristics (such as external artificial modified fields) in addition to local, molecular biology approaches. Given that the expression (onset) of oncogenes and retroviruses such as HIV is known to vary widely among individuals and be largely context-specific, the authors suggest that external artificial modified fields may, in the future, help us modulate this apparent cellular context (environment) and thus keep such noxious genetic material dormant for indefinite periods of time. Another interesting suggestion made by Gariaev is that phenomena such as cellular apoptosis might be connected with an abnormal compression of photons by cell nuclei, which are accumulated to a maximal value and then destroy the nuclei.
Since apoptosis has been frequently demonstrated in healer-treated cancer cultures, and unusual electromagnetic signals are also commonly observed during spiritual healing sessions, we would like at this point to re-direct our attention and discuss some of the major experimental evidence and current conclusions with respect to this phenomenon..
II. THE EFFECTS OF HEALERS' INTENT ON LIVING TISSUES
In an earlier paper [1] we have described a series of experiments which demonstrate that human intentionality can produce a statistically significant effect on the following genetic programs.
1. cell division, reflecting DNA synthesis and mitotic rates
2. transcription rates and DNA conformation
3. gene specific translation rates
4. cell differentiation
5. mutagenesis
6. apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
Furthermore, conscious intent has been shown capable (at statistically significant levels) of producing the following structural and physiological effects:
1. conformational changes in cell membrane, chromatin, proteins [1, 78]
2. distant influence on a target's EEG, heart rate, galvanic skin response, finger blood volume, blood pressure, as well as fish orientation and algae motility [40, 41, 42 - p. 336]
These controlled, randomized and typically (but not always) blind studies have been extensively discussed in our previous paper – however we shall briefly summarize these results in order to highlight certain parallels with the effect of weak EMFs on living tissues, as described earlier.
Accelerating or Decelerating the Growth of Biological Subjects
This is one of the most commonly documented effects of conscious intent on living organisms in both the Eastern and Western literature. The studies reported under this category include the acceleration of seed germination and plant growth rate [79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]; a directional increase/decrease in the growth rate of in-vitro cancer cell cultures like human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE-2), human breast cancer cell lines, lung cancer cells (SPC-A1), liver cancer cell line (BEL-7402), erythroleukemia (K562), promyelocytic leukemia, CNE-2, SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma, spleen cells of mice and lung tumor cell line (LA-795), etc. [90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 1]; bi-directional effects on the growth of bacterial cultures such as E-coli [95,96] and Salmonella typhimurium [97]; and inhibition of in-vivo tumor growth in mice [94, 98, 99].
The typical in-vitro study involved randomly dividing laboratory-prepared cancer cells or other cultures into groups with at least one group being treated with intention or external bio-energy (like external qi), plus one or two control groups. Sometimes, one group was treated by a sham healer (person without training in bioenergy healing).
In vivo-models most commonly used mice inoculated with cancerous cells, which were then randomly divided into various groups with one group being treated by external qi or other spiritual healing method for a set period of time. The control group could be either non-treatment or sham treatment. Then tumor size and the survival time were measured as the outcomes.
Related to this type of study are experiments in which human intent was applied to revitalize fully denatured seeds and accelerate sprouting, producing measurable plants within minutes. One particularly gifted subject, Ms. Chulin Sun, has worked with dozens of scientists world-wide and been involved in hundreds of successful replications of this phenomenon over the past 16 years. Some of these studies involve revitalization of fried peas or cooked peanuts [100, 101, 102] while others report a statistically significant acceleration in the sprouting of peas [103], wheat [104], corn, watermelon seed, bean, flower seed and peanuts [101, 105].
Transcription/Translation and Differential Gene Expression
Chien et al. [106] looked at the bi-directional effects of external qi on FS-4 human fibroblasts and found that "facilitating" qi produced a 1.8% increase in cell growth rate in 24 hrs, 10-15% increase in DNA synthesis and 3-5% increase in cell protein synthesis in a 2 hr period. With "inhibiting" qi, cell growth decreased by 6% in 24 hours, while DNA and protein synthesis decreased respectively by 20-23%, 35-48%.
Zhang et al. [107] studied the effect of emitted qi on the nucleic acids of chick red blood cells and found a two-fold increase in DNA and 12-fold increase in RNA content.
Related results include the ability of emitted qi to increase NK cell and K cell activities [108] and to enhance the number of active osteoclasts and the quality and quantity of both fibrous and bony callus tissue in laboratory rabbits [109].
These studies suggest that conscious intent may act by increasing the rate of cell-specific transcription/translation responsible for specialized functions, as well as possibly stimulating cell differentiation and/or recruitment.
Structural Changes Caused by Intent or Mental Power
D. Y. Chu of PekingUniversity tested more than 20 qigong healers in controlled studies to explore the effects of EQT on the conformation of bio-molecules [110]. In her study, a circular dichroism (CD) spectrum was used to monitor the conformation of various bio-molecules, such as poly-glutamic acid, poly-lysine, metallothionein, and some RNAs. After more than a hundred trials were repeated with different healers and controls, she found that the CD spectra of bio-molecular samples were changed significantly after exposure to EQT in comparison with both controls and the baseline. In general, the changes of the CD characteristic elliptisity were over 1-10 x 103 dgr×cm2×dmol-1, and the maximum was 93.9 x 104 dgr×cm2×dmol-1. The change of elliptisity could be positive or negative depending on the intent of the qigong healer. These findings were successfully replicated when she visited the US in 2000 [111].
Rein and McCraty [112] reported a 250% change in DNA conformation, directly correlating with the intent of a healer from a distance. The directional winding/unwinding of DNA under specific intent has been repeatedly demonstrated by Rein and his team over a number of years and experimental set-ups, with some samples showing more denaturation than could be obtained via normal heating or mechanical means [113]. Similar changes in the conformation of DNA and RNA samples have been found under the effect of conscious intent (external qi) by Lu Zuyin [114] and Sun et al. [115] as indicated by changes in the samples' ultraviolet absorption curve.
In addition, statistically significant effects on erythrocyte cell membranes were documented by Braud et al. [116, 117] and Sun et al. [118]. These include the ability of healers and/or ordinary persons to decrease the rate of RBC hemolysis; to increased fluidity of the erythrocytic membrane; and to suppress activity of Na+, K+ of RBC membrane.
Changes in cell colony architecture were also documented by Chen X. et al [119] and by Chen [120,121], correlating with a change in the types of glycoproteins expressed on the cell membrane surface - so this effect may also be a result of alterations in the specific genes expressed under the effect of external qi.
Intent-Induced Mutation
Nash [122] randomly assigned 60 ordinary subjects (not known to be psychically gifted) into three groups: one group mentally promoted mutation of lac-negative strains of e-coli to lac-positive strains in three test tubes, one group mentally inhibited mutation in three test tubes, and the rest 20 subjects worked as control. All tube conditions were carefully blinded to the lab technicians. He found that the mutation ratio of lac-positive to total bacteria was greater in the promoted tubes than that in the inhibited tubes (p < .005); and less in the inhibited tubes than in the control (p < .02).
There are many more studies in this area that we will not discuss in detail here. For example, Liu et al [123] applied EQT as mutagenesis for micromonospora echinospord, and found that EQ has the ability to kill micro-organisms and change strains properties. Pei et al [124] reported that mutation of E-coli C311 occurred after exposure to EQT. Shan et al [125] also used the intent of the qigong healer as mutagenesis to select various antibiotic-producing strains in the pharmaceutical production, and had some success. Bai et al. [103] reported that the seeds mentally induced to germinate rapidly were apparently genetically altered with significant differences in DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction.
Morphological Alterations and Cell Differentiation
Electron microscopy studies of malignant tissue extracted from laboratory animals treated with external qi have repeatedly shown clear histological signs of apoptosis and/or reversal of cancer features, when compared to controls. For example, in their study of the inhibitory effect of EQT on human hepatocarcinoma in mice, Chen et al [126] found morphological alterations including nuclear condensation, nuclear fragmentation, decreased ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm, swollen mitochondria with poorly organized mitochondrial cristae (some vacuolated) and many apoptotic bodies in the extracellular space. Shao et al. [127] looked at qigong-treated mice with implanted S180 sarcoma and reported that the averaged diameters of cells and nuclei, the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and the number of tumor cells division phase and Ag-NOR counts in nuclei in the sarcoma of EQT treated mice were all much less than those in the controls (p < 0.001). They also found that in the EQT treated mice a great number of sarcoma cells showed atrophy, degeneration, and pyknosis or karyolysis, while some membrane structures such as mitochondria appeared to be injured. Finally, Li et al. [128] studied the effects of emitted qi on G422 neurogliomas implanted in mice, finding that mitotic rates were reduced and the differentiation of the glioma cells tended to be reversed and the activity of NK and K cells was increased significantly compared to the tumor control.
These several hundred studies, conducted over the past 3 decades by a large number of university and independent laboratories in countries like the US, England, China, Japan, Russia, Germany and others, represent a pioneering body of work whose importance cannot be overstated. Although not all of them have been conducted under ideal methodological conditions of blindness and control, and the reporting style is far from consistent across the field (see [42] for an outstanding synopsis and analysis of experimental quality in these different categories), the overall evidence is much too compelling and significant to ignore. Replicating these studies under proper, uniform academic standards is of course a necessary first step. However, many of the results obtained by independent laboratories appear to reinforce each other, to a degree that certain general observations about the effect of mental intent on biological targets can already be drawn.
A. SPECIFICITY OF INTENT
The effect of intentionality appears to be directional and target specific. For example, Achterberg and Rider showed that training patients in cell-specific visualization of either T lymphocytes or neutrophils resulted in statistical increase in cell blood levels correlating with the type of imagery employed [43].
Becker used hypnotized subjects to demonstrate that they could decrease or increase the DC potential of specific areas of the body depending on the suggestion given (a suggestion of numbness in the left arm resulted in no response to a pinprick stimulus and a drop to zero in the DC potential, while the pinprick response/DC potential remained almost unchanged for the right arm; the change in voltage was "exactly the same as that seen in standard chemical nerve block" [45 - p 90-91].
Many of the studies described above also reflect such a directional effect (see, for example, 129, 41, 113, 47).
B. ELECTROMAGNETIC WINDOWS OF HEALING AND INTENT
Studies by Zimmerman and Beck show that healers' hand and brain frequencies measured during active "healing states" sweep a 0.3-30 Hz range, with most activity in the 7-8 Hz area. These frequencies, which show an uncanny consistency across a remarkable number of cultures and healing traditions, appear to closely overlap the electromagnetic specificity windows used in clinical and laboratory applications to enhance neural regeneration (2 Hz); bone growth (7 Hz); ligament healing (10 Hz) and capillary and fibroblast proliferation (15, 20 and 72 Hz) [48].
Both local and distant mental interactions have been shown to produce unusual EM signatures. Magnetic signals up to 105nT were found by Wu et al..during Qi emission by qigong practitioners [49]. Unusually high static charges (up to 221 volts) from the bodies of healers and psi-gifted people were reported by Watkins, Hochenegg, Shallis and Green [42 p157]. Nakamura measured an increase in biophoton emission intensity from the hands of practitioners in the qigong state [50]. Wallace found that human biophoton emissions could be increased by subjects at will and measured up to 100 times stronger emissions from the hands of gifted subjects compared to controls [51]. High surges in the magnetic field surrounding healers, or significant effects on distant magnetic sensors, have been published by Ullman, Watkins, Puthoff and Targ, Zimmerman and Ostrander and Schroeder, Sergeyev, (52; 42 p 168; 39]. Photographic film exposure in association with healing or clairvoyance experiments has been demonstrated in independent studies by Watkins, Turner and Zhao Yong-Jie [42 p 157, 169]. Radin reports that the background ionizing radiation could be decreased in accordance to task instructions (p<0.05), only to suddenly increase above control levels 20 seconds after the treatment period [53]. In a series of experiments involving therapeutic touch practitioners and their subjects, gamma radiation levels significantly decreased in 100% of the subjects and at every body site tested [54, 55].
Finally, we should also ask ourselves what such capabilities tell us about the healer's metabolic status. We know, for example, that advanced practitioners of Qigong can enter a special state (Bigu) in which they can subsist for weeks, sometimes months, on only 2-300 calories per day, while carrying on with normal activities. [56, 57] This "super-efficient state", as Prof. Roy has described it, has been shown to be metabolically different from that of normal fasting - which suggests that the body somehow switches over to a different way to process and conserve energy. Is there a link between Bigu and the energetic phenomena described above?
C.DISTANT MENTAL INTERACTIONS WITH LIVING SYSTEMS (DMILS)
DMILS include a wide range of variables, from physiological parameters like EEG and galvanic skin response [40, 58, 59, 60] to the denaturation of DNA in solution [42, 61] to affecting the morbidity and mortality rates of HIV/AIDS patients by remote prayer groups [62]. Typically in these experiments the sender is isolated from the experimental group by distances ranging from a few meters (an adjacent room) up to thousands of kilometers and the subjects are blind to the sending period, so that a comparison can be made with the "non-influence" windows.
The statistical significance of these remote effects across dozens of independent studies is highly consistentdespite the subjects' inability to consciously "guess" the sending window. Some studies have shown a lag time to onset of effect in the order of seconds [59,60], while in others, paradoxically, an anticipatory effect has been demonstrated [58] - consistent with decades of parapsychological retro-pk evidence, but a clear challenge to our current concept of information flow and causality.
Such evidence of space and time non-locality is probably the single greatest reason for which spiritual healing continues to encounter major resistance as a legitimate research subject from the scientific establishment. And yet at a physics theoretical level there is nothing that prohibits such effects from taking place: indeed, if there is one salient observation to be made on the basis of our foregoing discussion, it is that modern medicine seems to have almost entirely disassociated itself from the biophysical bases of life: current thinking appears to stop mysteriously at the biomolecular level, completely oblivious to the physics that lie beneath. Our challenge is to take this next step and place the current, biomolecular understanding of genetic regulation into a broader context - hoping that some of the answers which have eluded us so far, such as the onset criticality and reversal of malignant programs, will become more obvious at this level of the control hierarchy.
III. A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE GENETIC CODE
A. A HIERARCHY OF GENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS:
Even a brief survey of the literature, such as we have undertaken, suggests that there are at least three main levels of control mechanisms dictating the unfolding of genetic programs:
1. THE BIOCHEMICAL LEVEL: this includes, but is not limited to, the triplet genetic code and the newly discovered histone code; mechanisms such as the availability of cellular chemical messengers, molecular feedback loops and cis-/ trans-regulation work on this level, controlling to at least some degree the sequence of different genes' expression.
2. THE BIOPHYSICAL LEVEL: this can further be divided into local and non-local effects.
2A. LOCAL control refers to the conformational effects of electromagnetic fields on chromatin, enzymes and cell membranes - which in turn affect the exposure of given genes and the rate of transcription/translation, plus possibly the rate of DNA sysnthesis and cell mitosis.
2B. NON-LOCAL effects include endogenous field coherence, electromagnetic interference grids, superconduction, photon localization phenomena and the possibility of non-material, wave-based genetic hybridization and regeneration, as demonstrated by the experiments of Gariaev and Kangeng.
3. THE CONSCIOUS LEVEL. As we suggested before, it is difficult to tell at this point whether consciousness and mental intent act both locally and non-locally, although the existence of DMILS and anticipatory effects is a strong indication that we need to look beyond simple electromagnetic entrainment between healer and patient.
Once we recognize that genetic programs are continuously modulated by all these different parameters, we need to ask ourselves a new set of questions. For example:
1. What is the correct order of these elements in the hierarchy?
2. How do level 1 and 2 mechanisms interface with conscious intent? (EM or other physical substrate?)
3. How do coherent biophoton fields interact with environmental EMFs?
4. How does conscious intent modulate endogenous EMFs?
5. What is the power/frequency/polarization profile of biophoton emissions under different states of consciousness and how does it vary with various intentions or forms of visualization?
6. What is the basis of target specificity and bi-directional effects in controlled healing/pk studies?
7. How is information transmitted non-locally?
B. PRELIMINARY FRAMEWORK
To begin addressing these questions, it is important to re-emphasize the biophysical perspective on living tissues emerging from the works cited above. According to this view, the coherence of endogenous EM fields and liquid crystal properties of biomolecules account for:
- NONLOCAL COMMUNICATION THROUGHOUT THE ORGANISM/ TISSUE/POPULATION
- SYNCHRONIZED BEHAVIOR OF BILLIONS OF CELLS
- EXQUISITE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY TO WEAK STIMULI
- HIGHLY EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION
- POSSIBLE BRAIN-BODY ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTINUUM AND TUNING REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR TISSUE-LEVEL INTERFERENCE EFFECTS
C. WORKING HYPOTHESES
1. INTENT-DRIVEN CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AS A FACTOR IN TRANSCRIPTION?
It is generally accepted that the conformation of the chromatin fiber must change reversibly in processes that require the access of regulatory proteins and enzymes to the DNA template (such as in transcription, replication and repair). Van Holde and Zlatanova have suggested [63, 64] that one of the major conformational changes that occurs during DNA compaction is a collapse of the angle made between three consecutive nucleosomes (internucleosomal angle), probably mediated by electrostatic changes in histone interactions with linker DNA.
Could such a change in angle be partly controlled by the electromagnetic hologram grid nodes postulated by Gariaev, Popp and others? If electrostatic interactions are responsible for chromatin folding/unfolding, it would be easy to see how changes in the frequency or polarization angle of DNA-associated biophotons could alter the locus of action of such pre-transcriptional decondensation. The demonstrated ability of conscious intent to produce winding/unwinding of in-vitro chromatin and to directionally influence transcription becomes highly significant in this context. One other supporting piece of evidence is the published experiments of Yan Xin [65] in which he repeatedly demonstrated the ability of external qi to alter the polarization of targeted He-Ne laser beams from distances ranging between 7-2000 km. The change in polarization occurred within an hour of the external qi emission, as repeated sharp fluctuations averaging 6-7 degrees and 10-12% change in intensity of the normal beam, compared to baseline. No difference was recorded in the controls.
2. MEDITATION AS PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL REMODELING
We propose that qigong and other meditative techniques work by progressively increasing the overall coherence ("qi flow"?) of the body's liquid crystal matrix via conscious mental driving, in a way not dissimilar to laser pumping or the gradual orientation of ferromagnetic particles in an EM field. Meditation frequencies could engage the thalamic silent periods (as Oschman has suggested) and possibly other frequency-window pacemakers, and thus drive the configurational states that the body naturally cycles through, to sensitize its LC matrix to particular frequencies. Moreover, the semiconductor nature of living tissues suggests that, with repeated passage of an EM current through them, their sensitivity to subsequent signals should increase - a property which, we believe, is critical to the understanding of long-term physiological changes seen in meditators [66, 67]. The maintenance of a mentally-driven, permanent tighter-than-average molecular coherence would, in our model, lead to a gradual increase in tissue liquid crystallinity, more efficient signal detection/transmission and hence greater perceptual sensitivity, energy efficiency (Bigu) and ability to correct local EM "contextual errors".
3. DO SPECIFIC INTENTS TRANSLATE INTO CHARACTERISTIC BRAIN-BODY WAVE FORMS?
As we have seen earlier, Becker has shown that an organism's somatic DC field correlates in very specific ways with its state of consciousness: using salamanders for test subjects, Becker found that under anesthesia, their peripheral voltages dropped to zero, and even reversed in very deep stages [4 p. 111]. Similar instances of reversal in body polarity are reported as occurring in human subjects monitored during deep trances induced in preparation for remote viewing. In Spiritual Healing, Benor reports on a study by Rein and Laskow which found that four different intentions by the same healer produced different body magnetic emissions which correlated with different biological effects on tumor cell cultures [42 p. 159].
As we have seen earlier, the bi-directional effect of intent on living targets is also mirrored, remarkably, by the bi-phasic response of tissues to specific EM frequency windows (section I-B).
Furthermore, it is highly interesting to note the close parallel between the genetic-level effects of healing intent as described in [1] and those of weak electromagnetic fields as discussed earlier in this paper (i.e. altered levels of mRNAs and proteins, increased enzyme activities, decrease in tumor growth and cell mitotic index, tumor cell alterations in shape and membrane discontinuity, increased apoptosis, accelerated differentiation - as well as seed revitalization and hybridization with the Gariaev/Kangeng techniques). The fact that many of these bioelectromagnetic studies found no adverse EMF effects on normal cells also seems to parallel the regulatory influence of healing intent [42, 78].
Is there a link between effective mental healing intent, or the altered state of consciousness required to produce it, and these unusual EM emissions? Are characteristic frequencies/spectra required for particular healing effects? And do these unusual EM signals play an active role in healing (perhaps by entrainment and frequency synchronization with the patient, as Oschman suggests) - or are they merely by-products of a deeper interpersonal communication mechanism we have yet to discover?
Based on the evidence presented in this paper, we tend to agree with suggestions by Beck, Oschman and Becker that healers produce characteristic electromagnetic frequencies which can exert specific biological effects on their target. However, we would like to qualify this statement by adding the following observations:
1.Frequency may not be the only parameter involved in modulating the EM signal. In view of Popp's and Gariaev's data, we have reason to believe that the phase and polarization of endogenous fields are also under the effect of conscious intent, which may be self-generated or transmitted non-locally by a healer.
Thus the specificity of guided imagery may be the result of unique windows of frequency/ polarization excited at the level of the cerebral cortex, then spreading globally along neural and perineural pathways. It is also possible that concentration on complex sensory modalities (ie the vividness of imagery) synchronizes larger areas of the cortex, resulting in a more powerful signal. Gariaev's contextual holographic paradigm further suggests that a pathologic EM environment may be less stable than that of healthy tissue, and thus more easily modified. Finally, we could also make an argument that stress, or other chronic emotional disturbances, represent a possible source of de-synchronization with partial loss of endogenous field coherence.
2. Another point that cannot be overemphasized is that the presence of electromagnetic signatures associated with intent does not necessarily imply an EM transmission mechanism (i.e. via proximal frequency, entrainment or coupling to the Schumann resonance, as previously discussed by Oschman, Becker and Sidorov) - but simply that these ubiquitous EM signals may be produced as a secondary, local effect of the primary interaction. While EM coupling cannot be excluded in some situations, we need to realize that the nonlocal characteristics of mental healing (target specificity, distance and time independence) require more than a classical communication framework (see below).
4. DISTANT INFORMATION TRANSFER
One of the most remarkable features of distant mental interactions with living and inert systems is that they affect only the target samples, leaving other (control) samples which are within the same radius, statistically unchanged [49]. This strongly suggests that we are dealing with some form of entanglement between healer and target, rather than a classical, isotropic field-mediated process. However, it has been repeatedly pointed out by Dossey, Walach, Pitkanen and others that in such cases the definition and exact mechanism of quantum entanglement would have to be expanded to account for the insertion/extraction of intelligent information and for the notorious problem of decoherence in complex quantum systems.
One comprehensive model that happens to contain such an extended concept of entanglement (together with numerous testable predictions which are supported by Gariaev's spectra and the presence of EM signatures at the target) is Pitkanen's Topological Geometrodynamics - an 8-dimensional cosmology which is the product of 4-D Minkowskian space-time and the SU(3)/U(2) projective space of two complex dimensions [68, 69, 70, 71]. The geometrization of all basic interactions in TGD means that classical fields and matter form a pseudo-Feynman diagram in which the lines representing matter are replaced by spacetime sheets and virtual bosons are replaced by topological light rays ("massless extremals", MEs). MEs generate geometrical supracurrents which serve as a source of coherent photons and act as geometrical correlates of entanglement between distant material space/time sheets (the vertices of the pseudo-Feynman diagram). One of the predictions of TGD is that focused mental intent produces topological field quanta - form-specific MEs which act as non-dissipative entanglement bridges between sender and target and which create characteristic ionic and electromagnetic signatures at both ends by their interaction with local magnetic flux tubes.
Thus the solution proposed by Pitkanen appears to elegantly connect all the major observations we have discussed in our paper up to this point: a distant healer's conscious intent can be seen as generating form-specific geometrical currents which "propagate" non-dissipatively across arbitrarily large distances and which interact with the intended target by producing characteristic, coherent photon signatures. In turn these photons interact with the organism's endogenous electromagnetic field to modulate specific frequency or polarization parameters as described by Popp and Gariaev, thus altering interference patterns, regulating inter-cellular communication and the contextual environment of DNA/RNA expression inside cells.
Of course, at this point it is difficult to fill in all the details, or indeed feel confident of the absolute validity of such a model. On the other hand, TGD opens experimental possibilities that have generally not been available with other theories of nonlocal healing. In [70] we have made a number of proposals regarding the types of tests that could be conducted as a preliminary verification of TGD predictions. Together with additional replications of the Gariaev experiments and of the major histo-molecular healing studies reviewed in this paper, we believe these ideas are well-worth pursuing as part of a future research program in complementary and alternative medicine. As opposed to previous mind-body research proposals, all these suggested protocols are remarkably concrete, objective, quantifiable and compatible with our need to construct a consistent physical theory. Since only innovative experimentation will be able to select the most promising theoretical models, and since in the absence of such models we cannot begin to incorporate this valuable body of evidence into our overall therapeutic strategy, we feel it is imperative that the NIH and other potential sponsors treat these proposals with the attention they deserve.
CONCLUSIONS
Where do we go from here? The first step, of course, should be a well-coordinated experimental program replicating the major classes of mental interactions described in these two papers. Protocols could be set up to study the biophysical basis of differential response in normal and abnormal cell populations (target specificity/normalization); to compare the effect size, replicability, side effects and long-term response for biophysical and mind-body therapeutic approaches in specific pathological models; to study the ability of normal human populations to learn and effectively implement such mental techniques (clinical studies); and to investigate the interactions between external EM fields and endogenous currents with respect to genetic regulation. Finally, given the common challenge that nonlocal communication presents to researchers in physics, parapsychology and mind-body medicine, we strongly advocate the establishment of interdisciplinary teams to collaborate on innovative new protocols capable of extracting meaningful conclusions about this fundamental aspect of reality.
From an applications point of view, we should start identifying the most effective meditation protocols for specific effects - i.e. enhancement of immune function, expression of specific genes, suppression of pathogens or reversal of malignant cell behavior/induction of apoptosis. It is also important to start designing and standardizing teaching programs, perhaps through the use of biofeedback methods to evaluate the effectiveness of teachers' and students' meditation on specific biological parameters. Understanding the interactions between mind-body interventions and conventional treatment modalities (such as the demonstrated increase in drug uptake and reduction in chemotharepy side effects with concurrent qigong practice) is another long-term goal, which should allow us to eventually integrate such multi-modality therapies for optimal results with minimal iatrogenic trauma to the organism.
Finally, we would like to take a step back and end this presentation with a philosophical observation. For more than a century, the common assumption in parapsychology research has been that the brain is the primary detection organ for subconscious/ anomalous cognition. However, in spite of this experimental focus, there is a remarkable lack of evidence supporting this contention - in fact we now know that certain peripheral responses to anomalous stimuli, such as the galvanic skin response, are highly consistent in the absence of any conscious awareness of these stimuli. Is the brain the only conceivable transducer of nonlocal information?
Indeed, the literature shows that psi function manifests across the full taxonomic continuum, from humans to animals [41, 58, 73, 74, 77] to plants and individual cells [72, 42]. Since such consistent features are generally attributed to a very successful adaptive mechanism, and Pitkanen's TGD predicts a fractal hierarchy of biological emitters/receivers for nonlocal communication, could it be that the exquisite sensitivity of genetic material (DNA, RNA, protein) to mental intent may in fact reflect a deep evolutionary principle? For these first forms of life, devoid of what we would call a sensory system, chemical and electromagnetic interactions with the environment would have been one, albeit purely random, type of "orientation" response. However, the complex behavior of organisms starting from the very bottom of the taxonomic tree (see virus and prion dynamics, DNA repair and transcription, etc) strongly suggest that behavioral adaptations were set in place, which clearly reflect a directional, self-serving interaction with the environment and that we are at a loss to explain on purely biomolecular grounds. Could the survival instinct of primitive organisms qualify as consciousness - suggesting that the genetic material in our bodies might in fact be the oldest and primary "antenna" for nonlocal communication? While this may at first look like a rhetorical question, the sobering realization that we are still in the dark about the higher-level programs regulating the spatial and temporal expression of DNA [2,3,77], together with the evidence presented in this paper, suggest a positive answer. And if conscious intent has the ability to shape our organism's response to environmental challenges by acting all the way down to DNA, RNA and protein levels, then it is indeed the most versatile and potent therapeutic intervention we could ever conceive.
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Lian Sidorov, DDS & Kevin Chen, Ph.D. MPH
(This paper is based on a presentation made at the First International Conference
on the Science of Whole Person Healing, March 28-30, 2003 Washington DC)
ABSTRACT: Over the past several decades, pioneering biophysics work has shown that living tissues interact with electric and magnetic fields in unexpected and dramatic ways. From initial anecdotal accounts of enhanced healing under electromagnetic stimulation, research in this field has progressed to a sophisticated arsenal of investigative tools and theoretical models which include polarized light microscopy to study the liquid crystal properties of living cells and laser-excitation of DNA to induce hybridization through non-molecular information transfer. In almost all cases, the results point to a set of remarkable properties of living tissues, and in particular of genetic material: the emerging picture is that of biosystems as sources and domains of coherent electromagnetic fields, which account for practically instantaneous inter-cellular communication and a highly efficient mechanism of energy utilization, and which seem to reflect very closely the developmental and patho-physiological state of the organism. In addition, a wide spectrum of genetic mechanisms now appear to be under the influence of surrounding electromagnetic fields.
At the same time, an impressive number of studies in the areas of parapsychology and mind-body medicine converge to show that conscious intent can affect practically every single type of genetic program, as well as many physiological parameters [1]. These studies also show that such effects can be produced from great distances, and that occasionally they are accompanied by unusual energy signatures.
Is there a correlation between the effects of electromagnetic fields and those of mental intent on genetic regulation and living tissues? This paper will discuss the major experimental evidence and proposed mechanisms of these interactions, as well as the principal obstacles lying in the way of a viable, comprehensive theory. At the same time, we will attempt to formulate several preliminary hypotheses based on this evidence and to sketch some possible directions for future research in this field.
Keywords: genetic control architecture, EMFs, coherence, liquid crystals, interference grids, photon polarization, psycho-physiological remodeling, nonlocal communication, topological geometrodynamics
INTRODUCTION
The history of mind-body medicine in the modern era has been one of continuous struggle against both the derisive attitudes of a scientific mainstream firmly embedded into a reductionist, materialistic mind frame and the conceptual difficulties of studying something as elusive as the contents of consciousness. While gradual correlations with general factors such as stress have lead to the acceptance of psychoneuroimmunology as a legitimate field of study, there is very little material in the medical literature about other, more specific effects that mental intent might have on the body.
This unfortunate state of affairs, we hope, is about to change. Over the past decade, thousands of studies have been conducted all over the world, looking at the interactions between conscious intent and living systems - from biomolecules and single celled organisms to human beings - and describing statistically significant effects in very concrete, histological and physiological terms. These studies, reported in the scientific parapsychology literature as well as in some physics and biomedical publications, are part of a rapidly growing body of "human potential science" projects - frontier programs funded by governments such as Japan and China to look at exceptional human abilities and harness their implications. Similar studies have also been carried out in the US, Russia, Germany and other Western countries, unfortunately under less supportive conditions which are generally reflected by their more conservative protocols. A large proportion of this material is now available in abstract format through English-language publications such as D. Benor's "Spiritual Healing: Scientific Evidence of a Healing Revolution" (Vision Publications, 2001 Edition) and the Qigong Institute's Database CD-ROM, updated yearly.
In another paper [1], we have reviewed the main classes of studies described in this literature, with a focus on genetic functions - showing how practically every major genetic program (from DNA replication and cell division rates to gene-specific transcription, translation and mutagenesis, to cell differentiation and apoptosis) can be modulated by intent under experimental conditions. In this follow-up article, we would like to take the discussion one step further and begin to look at a possible mechanism that might account for these startling experimental findings.
The present model of genetic control, based on chemical messengers, transcription factors, molecular feedback loops, enzyme conformation, promoter regions and other forms of cis-/trans modulatory regulation is restricted to describing these all-important programs at a primarily intra-cellular level which fails to fully account for the astounding degree of synchronization between the billions of cells comprising the human body. It has been shown that on average four to eight different transcription factors service each gene's regulatory module and that many hundreds to thousands of genes must be coherently expressed in order to create any given tissue or multicellular structure [2 - p. 9]. Thus higher-level aspects of growth and development, as well as pathological and healing processes, such as the differential spatio-temporal expression of DNA in specialized cells and the emergence/loss of complex architecture during embryogenesis or malignant growth, are still a matter of heated debate and speculation [3,77]
How does the DNA material in each cell respond to its variable environmental circumstances in a way which reflects the cell's lineage, internal clock and also the activities of thousands of cells in its immediate vicinity? Are chemical messengers sufficient to account for the speed and accuracy of this large-scale orchestration, or are there higher levels of genetic control architecture yet to be discovered? We believe that sufficient evidence has already accumulated to support the existence of such nonlocal, non-molecular controls. We also believe, along with a growing number of biophysical research scientists, that the key to the most effective preventive and therapeutic health interventions lies in the understanding of genetic regulation at the top levels of the control hierarchy - that is, in the way cells communicate with each other, their environment and, possibly, with the poorly-understood physical correlates of mental intent.
We have therefore divided this article into several parts: in the first section we will try to challenge the strict biomolecular approach to medicine by presenting a number of studies which clearly demonstrate that electromagnetic fields play a major role in genetic expression; the second part will briefly review the main characteristics of mind-matter interactions with respect to living systems; finally the discussion will attempt to draw parallels between the biophysical and consciousness-mediated mechanisms and point to theoretical models that might account for the effects of intent on targeted biological structures in a nonlocal framework.
I. THE EFFECTS OF WEAK EM FIELDS ON GENETIC PROGRAMS
A. CELL DIFFERENTIATION IN ADULT, EMBYONIC AND MALIGNANT STATES
The work of Rose and Becker (1940s-1970s)
Observing that three major characteristics of malignant cells (cell simplicity, mitotic speed and metabolic priority) were also typical of embryonic growth and regeneration, in 1948 Meryl Rose conducted a landmark experiment designed to test whether the physiological environment of regeneration could take over the controls of tumor cells. After transplanting pieces of frog kidney tumor to the limbs of salamanders and watching them grow, he amputated the leg just below or, in some cases, right through the tumor mass. As opposed to controls, where the tumor metastasized and ended up killing the host, these specimens demonstrated a remarkable phenomenon: the tumor cells dedifferentiated more fully as the blastema formed, then redifferentiated along with the blastema - thus proving that "the regeneration's guidance system could control cancer, too" [4 - p. 217]. Furthermore, replicating experiments conducted in 1962-1963 by F. Seilern-Aspang and K. Kratochwil at the Austrian Cancer Institute showed that, in cases where the primary tumor was in the tail, amputation of the tail below that level (i.e. leaving the primary tumor intact) resulted in total disappearance of both the primary mass and all its distant metastases as the tail regenerated [4 - p. 220] - thus complete healing of two aetiologically-distinct injuries. Although this result was obtained only when the amputation was close to the site of the primary tumor, it demonstrated beyond doubt that the key to such "spontaneous remission" was a shift in the tumor's immediate environment - most probably the electrical currents in the neuroepidermal junction, which Becker would later prove were the initiators of regeneration.
In 1961, Becker and his team found that applying a very weak current (in the order of a billionth of an ampere) to a culture of nucleated frog red blood cells induced complete dedifferentiation in the cells, which reactivated their nuclei, lost all hemoglobin and became primitive (unspecialized) in the space of four hours [4 - p. 143].
These changes, which were later found in the RBCs of fish and other reptiles, suggested a reactivation of the DNA - for once the staining characteristics of the nucleus shifted, the process continued even if the current was interrupted. All the changes involved paralleled those found in the salamander limb blastemas, demonstrating that the process of regeneration was initiated by an endogenous "current of injury". Applying this knowledge to wound healing in mammals, in 1971 Beckers's team stimulated the bone marrow of rats' amputated forelegs with a 1 nanoampere current and managed to obtain partial regeneration of the limb, including new, well organized bone, cartilage, muscle, blood and nerve tissue: at least ten types of cells had differentiated from the blastema, and some specimens even demonstrated the rudiments of finger cartilage. [4 - p. 153]
What is the nature of this endogenous current which preoccupied Becker for over three decades? Far from being restricted to areas of injury, as originally believed, Becker showed in a series of ingenious experiments that the entire body of a living organism was permeated by a weak DC current, which furthermore appeared to reverse its polarity as the organism's state of consciousness changed from awake to deep sedation/anaesthesia. By demonstrating the Hall effect in the leg of a salamander as it regained consciousness [4 - p. 101], Becker showed that this DC potential was a semiconductor current - in other words, that the carriers were electrons in a semiconducting lattice. But to admit the existence of a semiconductor current permeating and regulating the brain-body continuum, one must be ready to look for an appropriate substrate. Semiconduction requires an ordered molecular structure, such as crystals, in which electrons can exist in a delocalized fashion and flow coherently across large distances with minimal dissipation of energy - a very different model from the type of conduction associated with neurons. In the wet, warm, perpetually-fluctuating environment which is the living organism, what could possibly constitute a proper matrix for this type of phenomenon?
B. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EMFs AND DNA
EVIDENCE FROM BIOELECTROMAGNETICS LABS (1990s-2003)
Before addressing the nature of semiconduction in living tissues, let us review a few more interesting studies which look at the effects of electromagnetic fields on DNA regulation.
In a 2002 study, Tofani et al.. found a statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth (40%) and increase in survival time (31%) when mice bearing a subcutaneous human colon adenocarcinoma (WiDr) were exposed to 70min/day 5.5mT magnetic fields with 50 Hz modulation for 4 weeks; a decrease in tumor cell mitotic index and proliferative activity and increase in apoptosis were also observed - with no adverse or abnormal effects [5]
In a similar study reported by Simko et al.. [6], extremely-low frequency EMFs (0.1-1mT, 50Hz) applied continuously for 48-72 hrs resulted in increased micronucleus formation and apoptosis in transformed cell lines (human squamous cell carcinoma SCL II), but no adverse effects in normal, non-transformed cells. Cell death induction consistent with apoptosis was also reported in two transformed cell lines (WiDr human colon adenocarcinoma and MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma) that were exposed to 1mT magnetic fields modulated by 50Hz ELFs). Cells with daily exposure of 70 min. for 4 weeks showed significant tumor growth inhibition (up to 50%) by the end of treatment. No toxic morphological changes were observed in renewing, slowly proliferating or static normal cells. [7]
Zhou et al. [9] have shown that a 72 hr exposure of HL60 cells to 50Hz, 0.1-0.8 mT magnetic fields resulted in an increased transcription level for tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 and interleukin Il-6Ralpha mRNA expression.
Zhao [10] examined the promotion of DNA synthesis in PDL fibroblasts under exposure to 0.14T magnetic field for 10,40,60,120 min/day x 1week, comparing these to similar treatments every other day. Remarkably, he found that the cellular DNA contents increased proportionally with exposure time in the daily-treated samples, while no significant changes were found if the treatments occurred on alternate days. He concluded that the magnetic field had a cumulative, threshold-dependent and time-delayed effect on DNA synthesis.
Eichwald & Walleczek [11] found that ELF (extremely low frequency) EMFs controlled calcium uptake regulation in T lymphocytes: a bi-phasic response (stimulation/inhibition) was identified depending on the degree of cellular activation. The authors also noted that this, in turn, may affect other cellular processes that are Ca dependent - ie DNA synthesis
Sontag & Dertinger [12] reported that human promyelocytes (HL-60) exposed for 5 minutes to an amplitude-modulated, 4000 kHz interferential current (25, 250 and 2500 microA/cm^2) showed windows of significant stimulation and depression in intracellular cAMP within the range of frequencies studied (0-125 Hz).
In a study by Kubinyi et al.., t-RNA synthetase activity isolated from the brain and liver of mice exposed to microwave radiation (2.45 GHz) during gestation showed a decrease after continuous wave exposure, and an increase in activity after amplitude-modulated irradiation [13]
It is interesting to note that many of these studies specifically report finding no adverse effects on normal cells exposed to the same EM fields.
Finally, Blank and Soo [14] reviewed evidence that EM fields interact with the activity of the cell membrane enzymes Na,K-ATPase and cytochrome oxidase in a frequency-dependent manner - but argued that, in addition, large electron flows known to exist within the stacked base pairs of DNA could interact directly with EM currents and lead to gene activation [15]. One finding that supports this contention is that DNA transcription in cell-free solutions can be activated by electromagnetic fields [16].
C. ENDOGENOUS COHERENT FIELDS: BIOSYSTEMS AS DYNAMIC HOLOGRAMS
EVIDENCE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOPHYSICS
(1970s-2003)
All living systems emit light spontaneously: these ultra-weak emissions range from a few up to several hundred photons per second per square centimeter of surface area. The distribution spectrum ranges from infra-red to ultra-violet and is nearly flat, which indicates that the energy is emitted from a wide range of excited molecules and stored in a delocalized manner within the system. Based on the characteristics of these emissions, Popp and others [17, 18] have shown that the source of the biophotons is a coherent photon field within the organism. The dominating role of source and sink for the biophoton field is the DNA molecule [17, 24] (in fact the mammalian red blood cells, which do not have active chromatine, are the only cells which do not emit biophotons).
Photon fluxes play a remarkable number of biological roles as either carriers of information (in enzyme activation, phototropism, photomorphogenesis, phototaxis, regulation of gene expression, vision) or as a driving energy for biological processes [21]. Furthermore, it is knownthat both the intensity and the spectrum of the biophoton emission are strongly correlated with the physiological and developmental state of the organism: for example, [22, 23, 25] report significantly higher levels of photon emission from surgically removed tumors compared to normal tissues, a non-linear correlation between BPE and growth rate, and further correlations between the ultra-weak light from the fingertips of patients and their age and certain physiopathological states. These findings offer ample support to the thesis that biophotons are intimately related to the regulation of critical biological functions.
Noting correlations between optical properties of molecules and their carcinogenic activity, Popp has suggested that cancer induction is related to the loss of coherence of a photon field in the living tissues, originating from excited states of DNA [26, 27]. Growth regulation is based on the death rate of cells, with sudden cell death and mitosis having to balance each other perfectly. With 10^7 cells dying every second in the human body, this information has to travel a distance of at least 10^-3 cm in 10^-7 seconds, which is much faster than the velocity of messenger molecules, approaching the velocity of sound. If it is assumed that the message is holistic and "communicated" to the entire body, then the scale becomes 1 meter, and the speed of transmission reaches electromagnetic values. Thus cancer can be seen as an imbalance between cell growth and death due to a deterioration of intercellular and full-body communication systems [17] - and indeed, research has shown [25] that the characteristics of biophoton emission curves are different for normal versus tumor tissues.
The spatio-temporal coherence of biophoton fields means that complex electromagnetic (EM) interference patterns are created throughout the organism: the more coherent the light, the sharper the interference patterns. It has been suggested by Popp, Gariaev and others that these patterns may be the basis of morphogenesis and structural/biochemical regulation of the organism throughout its life - an EM blueprint guiding the development, repair and even social behavior of organisms. The phase information within and between cells is hypothesized to act as a biological control parameter regulating the growth and differentiation of cells, with constructive interference domains intra-cellularly and destructive interference in the extra-cellular matrix [24]. Experimental evidence such as the phantom leaf effect [28], the delayed luminescence function of tumor cells and the distribution of Daphnia larvae [29, 30, 18]certainly seem to support this hypothesis.
One of the most remarkable findings to shed some light on the possible mechanism of biophoton control comes from Ho's laboratory: in 1993, she and Lawrence discovered that, under polarized light microscopy, the extraordinary level of molecular coherence makes organisms appear crystalline. This dynamic coherence is a continuum that extends from intracellular molecules to the cytoplasm, extracellular matrix and the connective tissues throughout the organism [18]. The lipids in cellular membranes, the cytoskeletal and muscle proteins, collagen and other connective tissue macromolecules, as well as the DNA in chromosomes - all these essential and ubiquitous molecules of living systems are liquid crystals [31, 32]. Consequently, the organism may be seen as a solid state possessing many of the physical characteristics of these highly interesting materials.
Liquid crystals (LCs) are mesophases - states of matter between the solid and liquid phase. While they possesss long range orientational order, they are highly mobile and responsive, undergoing orientation changes (phase transitions) when exposed to a wide variety of stimuli, including electromagnetic fields, temperature and pressure changes, hydration, pH, concentrations of inorganic ions and other psysico-chemical parameters [31, 32]. LC can convert information about minute changes in pressure, temperature and light into electrical currents (they are piezoelectric, pyroelectric and photoelectric). Finally, they are permanently modified (sensitized) by the passage of electrical currents so as to facilitate the future passage of such currents [4 -p. 257).
Considering these arguments, Mae-Wan Ho suggests that the LC matrix may act as a quantum holographic medium which records interference patterns between local events and the global body field - an idea which finds full agreement with Gariaev's experimental work [33].
D. EVIDENCE FROM THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
GARIAEV's DNA-wave BIOCOMPUTER (1990s-2003)
Since the early '90s, Peter Gariaev's team has been developing a new theoretical and experimental approach to the study of genetic material encoding and expression. In a pioneering series of papers [28, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38], he and his colleagues challenge the limits of the genetic code triplet model and propose instead a dual, substantive/wave basis for the encoding and expression of genetic material. The wave-like, non-local aspect of genetic regulation is recorded at the polarization level of DNA-associated photons, and the genome is seen as a quasi-hologram of light and radio waves which creates the background necessary for the appropriate expression of genetic material.
Some of the experimental evidence cited in support of this new model is listed below:
1. the existence of homonymous-synonymous ambiguities of genetic texts;
2. the virus-like strain specificity of prions in the absence of nucleic acid material;
3. the role of introns: statistical analysis using the Zipf-Mandelbrot law reveals that DNA non-coding sequences, which account for 95-98% of the genome, have more in common with natural languages and demonstrate more long-distance correlations than coding sequences; this, according to the authors, is a strong indication that non-coding areas are the basis for one or more biological languages and represent "a strategic informational content of chromosomes";
4. the ability of DNA and chromatin in vitro to be pumped as a laser-active medium for subsequent laser light generation;
5. Dzang Kangeng's experiments: successful wave transmission of genetic information from donor biosystem to an accepting one via split laser beams fed repeatedly through the optically-active donor biosystem, then delivered to the receiving biosystem in early developmental stages. Mixed characteristics of these non-molecular hybrids (seeds and chicks) were transferred to the next generation without need for further irradiation. (Although Kangeng provides no theoretical interpretation of the operational device, the authors' previous work with laser mirrors closely parallels his protocol, leading them to conclude that the polarized laser beam split into orthogonal waves which, by repeated passing through the optically active donor DNA and multiple interference with itself, lead to the phenomenon of photon field localization and information recording);
6. the authors' similar experiments with polarization-laser-radio-wave (PLRW) spectroscopy, whereby they used orthogonally polarized EM beams to repair the genetic information of old radioactively-damaged seeds from the Chernobyl area (1987).
The authors argue that the genome emits light and radio-waves whose delocalized interference patterns create calibration fields (blueprints) for a system's space-time organization. This holographic-type information is being constantly and simultaneously read in billions of cells, accounting for the quick coordinated response typical of living systems. Gariaev and his team suggest that the genome operates like a "complex multi-wave laser with adjustable frequencies", able to produce light and radio waves which regulate the biosystem's space and time organization. This complex background is the basis for the correct expression of genetic material (peptide codes) during embyogenesis and adult life, accounting for the elusive self-regulation and specificity of DNA function in various tissues and under various conditions. Various solitons (optical, acoustic, conformational, rotable-oscillating, etc) excited in polynucleotide areas, and transmitted over large distances significantly exceeding the hydrogen-bond length, "become the apparatus for continual (non-local) reading of context RNA sequences on a whole".
On the basis of this model, the authors suggest that the activation of oncogenes and xenobiotic HIV sequences is dependent on genome holographic processes and therefore that future research in these high-profile areas should focus on the factors modulating such EM field characteristics (such as external artificial modified fields) in addition to local, molecular biology approaches. Given that the expression (onset) of oncogenes and retroviruses such as HIV is known to vary widely among individuals and be largely context-specific, the authors suggest that external artificial modified fields may, in the future, help us modulate this apparent cellular context (environment) and thus keep such noxious genetic material dormant for indefinite periods of time. Another interesting suggestion made by Gariaev is that phenomena such as cellular apoptosis might be connected with an abnormal compression of photons by cell nuclei, which are accumulated to a maximal value and then destroy the nuclei.
Since apoptosis has been frequently demonstrated in healer-treated cancer cultures, and unusual electromagnetic signals are also commonly observed during spiritual healing sessions, we would like at this point to re-direct our attention and discuss some of the major experimental evidence and current conclusions with respect to this phenomenon..
II. THE EFFECTS OF HEALERS' INTENT ON LIVING TISSUES
In an earlier paper [1] we have described a series of experiments which demonstrate that human intentionality can produce a statistically significant effect on the following genetic programs.
1. cell division, reflecting DNA synthesis and mitotic rates
2. transcription rates and DNA conformation
3. gene specific translation rates
4. cell differentiation
5. mutagenesis
6. apoptosis, or programmed cell death.
Furthermore, conscious intent has been shown capable (at statistically significant levels) of producing the following structural and physiological effects:
1. conformational changes in cell membrane, chromatin, proteins [1, 78]
2. distant influence on a target's EEG, heart rate, galvanic skin response, finger blood volume, blood pressure, as well as fish orientation and algae motility [40, 41, 42 - p. 336]
These controlled, randomized and typically (but not always) blind studies have been extensively discussed in our previous paper – however we shall briefly summarize these results in order to highlight certain parallels with the effect of weak EMFs on living tissues, as described earlier.
Accelerating or Decelerating the Growth of Biological Subjects
This is one of the most commonly documented effects of conscious intent on living organisms in both the Eastern and Western literature. The studies reported under this category include the acceleration of seed germination and plant growth rate [79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89]; a directional increase/decrease in the growth rate of in-vitro cancer cell cultures like human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE-2), human breast cancer cell lines, lung cancer cells (SPC-A1), liver cancer cell line (BEL-7402), erythroleukemia (K562), promyelocytic leukemia, CNE-2, SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma, spleen cells of mice and lung tumor cell line (LA-795), etc. [90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 1]; bi-directional effects on the growth of bacterial cultures such as E-coli [95,96] and Salmonella typhimurium [97]; and inhibition of in-vivo tumor growth in mice [94, 98, 99].
The typical in-vitro study involved randomly dividing laboratory-prepared cancer cells or other cultures into groups with at least one group being treated with intention or external bio-energy (like external qi), plus one or two control groups. Sometimes, one group was treated by a sham healer (person without training in bioenergy healing).
In vivo-models most commonly used mice inoculated with cancerous cells, which were then randomly divided into various groups with one group being treated by external qi or other spiritual healing method for a set period of time. The control group could be either non-treatment or sham treatment. Then tumor size and the survival time were measured as the outcomes.
Related to this type of study are experiments in which human intent was applied to revitalize fully denatured seeds and accelerate sprouting, producing measurable plants within minutes. One particularly gifted subject, Ms. Chulin Sun, has worked with dozens of scientists world-wide and been involved in hundreds of successful replications of this phenomenon over the past 16 years. Some of these studies involve revitalization of fried peas or cooked peanuts [100, 101, 102] while others report a statistically significant acceleration in the sprouting of peas [103], wheat [104], corn, watermelon seed, bean, flower seed and peanuts [101, 105].
Transcription/Translation and Differential Gene Expression
Chien et al. [106] looked at the bi-directional effects of external qi on FS-4 human fibroblasts and found that "facilitating" qi produced a 1.8% increase in cell growth rate in 24 hrs, 10-15% increase in DNA synthesis and 3-5% increase in cell protein synthesis in a 2 hr period. With "inhibiting" qi, cell growth decreased by 6% in 24 hours, while DNA and protein synthesis decreased respectively by 20-23%, 35-48%.
Zhang et al. [107] studied the effect of emitted qi on the nucleic acids of chick red blood cells and found a two-fold increase in DNA and 12-fold increase in RNA content.
Related results include the ability of emitted qi to increase NK cell and K cell activities [108] and to enhance the number of active osteoclasts and the quality and quantity of both fibrous and bony callus tissue in laboratory rabbits [109].
These studies suggest that conscious intent may act by increasing the rate of cell-specific transcription/translation responsible for specialized functions, as well as possibly stimulating cell differentiation and/or recruitment.
Structural Changes Caused by Intent or Mental Power
D. Y. Chu of PekingUniversity tested more than 20 qigong healers in controlled studies to explore the effects of EQT on the conformation of bio-molecules [110]. In her study, a circular dichroism (CD) spectrum was used to monitor the conformation of various bio-molecules, such as poly-glutamic acid, poly-lysine, metallothionein, and some RNAs. After more than a hundred trials were repeated with different healers and controls, she found that the CD spectra of bio-molecular samples were changed significantly after exposure to EQT in comparison with both controls and the baseline. In general, the changes of the CD characteristic elliptisity were over 1-10 x 103 dgr×cm2×dmol-1, and the maximum was 93.9 x 104 dgr×cm2×dmol-1. The change of elliptisity could be positive or negative depending on the intent of the qigong healer. These findings were successfully replicated when she visited the US in 2000 [111].
Rein and McCraty [112] reported a 250% change in DNA conformation, directly correlating with the intent of a healer from a distance. The directional winding/unwinding of DNA under specific intent has been repeatedly demonstrated by Rein and his team over a number of years and experimental set-ups, with some samples showing more denaturation than could be obtained via normal heating or mechanical means [113]. Similar changes in the conformation of DNA and RNA samples have been found under the effect of conscious intent (external qi) by Lu Zuyin [114] and Sun et al. [115] as indicated by changes in the samples' ultraviolet absorption curve.
In addition, statistically significant effects on erythrocyte cell membranes were documented by Braud et al. [116, 117] and Sun et al. [118]. These include the ability of healers and/or ordinary persons to decrease the rate of RBC hemolysis; to increased fluidity of the erythrocytic membrane; and to suppress activity of Na+, K+ of RBC membrane.
Changes in cell colony architecture were also documented by Chen X. et al [119] and by Chen [120,121], correlating with a change in the types of glycoproteins expressed on the cell membrane surface - so this effect may also be a result of alterations in the specific genes expressed under the effect of external qi.
Intent-Induced Mutation
Nash [122] randomly assigned 60 ordinary subjects (not known to be psychically gifted) into three groups: one group mentally promoted mutation of lac-negative strains of e-coli to lac-positive strains in three test tubes, one group mentally inhibited mutation in three test tubes, and the rest 20 subjects worked as control. All tube conditions were carefully blinded to the lab technicians. He found that the mutation ratio of lac-positive to total bacteria was greater in the promoted tubes than that in the inhibited tubes (p < .005); and less in the inhibited tubes than in the control (p < .02).
There are many more studies in this area that we will not discuss in detail here. For example, Liu et al [123] applied EQT as mutagenesis for micromonospora echinospord, and found that EQ has the ability to kill micro-organisms and change strains properties. Pei et al [124] reported that mutation of E-coli C311 occurred after exposure to EQT. Shan et al [125] also used the intent of the qigong healer as mutagenesis to select various antibiotic-producing strains in the pharmaceutical production, and had some success. Bai et al. [103] reported that the seeds mentally induced to germinate rapidly were apparently genetically altered with significant differences in DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction.
Morphological Alterations and Cell Differentiation
Electron microscopy studies of malignant tissue extracted from laboratory animals treated with external qi have repeatedly shown clear histological signs of apoptosis and/or reversal of cancer features, when compared to controls. For example, in their study of the inhibitory effect of EQT on human hepatocarcinoma in mice, Chen et al [126] found morphological alterations including nuclear condensation, nuclear fragmentation, decreased ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm, swollen mitochondria with poorly organized mitochondrial cristae (some vacuolated) and many apoptotic bodies in the extracellular space. Shao et al. [127] looked at qigong-treated mice with implanted S180 sarcoma and reported that the averaged diameters of cells and nuclei, the ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm and the number of tumor cells division phase and Ag-NOR counts in nuclei in the sarcoma of EQT treated mice were all much less than those in the controls (p < 0.001). They also found that in the EQT treated mice a great number of sarcoma cells showed atrophy, degeneration, and pyknosis or karyolysis, while some membrane structures such as mitochondria appeared to be injured. Finally, Li et al. [128] studied the effects of emitted qi on G422 neurogliomas implanted in mice, finding that mitotic rates were reduced and the differentiation of the glioma cells tended to be reversed and the activity of NK and K cells was increased significantly compared to the tumor control.
These several hundred studies, conducted over the past 3 decades by a large number of university and independent laboratories in countries like the US, England, China, Japan, Russia, Germany and others, represent a pioneering body of work whose importance cannot be overstated. Although not all of them have been conducted under ideal methodological conditions of blindness and control, and the reporting style is far from consistent across the field (see [42] for an outstanding synopsis and analysis of experimental quality in these different categories), the overall evidence is much too compelling and significant to ignore. Replicating these studies under proper, uniform academic standards is of course a necessary first step. However, many of the results obtained by independent laboratories appear to reinforce each other, to a degree that certain general observations about the effect of mental intent on biological targets can already be drawn.
A. SPECIFICITY OF INTENT
The effect of intentionality appears to be directional and target specific. For example, Achterberg and Rider showed that training patients in cell-specific visualization of either T lymphocytes or neutrophils resulted in statistical increase in cell blood levels correlating with the type of imagery employed [43].
Becker used hypnotized subjects to demonstrate that they could decrease or increase the DC potential of specific areas of the body depending on the suggestion given (a suggestion of numbness in the left arm resulted in no response to a pinprick stimulus and a drop to zero in the DC potential, while the pinprick response/DC potential remained almost unchanged for the right arm; the change in voltage was "exactly the same as that seen in standard chemical nerve block" [45 - p 90-91].
Many of the studies described above also reflect such a directional effect (see, for example, 129, 41, 113, 47).
B. ELECTROMAGNETIC WINDOWS OF HEALING AND INTENT
Studies by Zimmerman and Beck show that healers' hand and brain frequencies measured during active "healing states" sweep a 0.3-30 Hz range, with most activity in the 7-8 Hz area. These frequencies, which show an uncanny consistency across a remarkable number of cultures and healing traditions, appear to closely overlap the electromagnetic specificity windows used in clinical and laboratory applications to enhance neural regeneration (2 Hz); bone growth (7 Hz); ligament healing (10 Hz) and capillary and fibroblast proliferation (15, 20 and 72 Hz) [48].
Both local and distant mental interactions have been shown to produce unusual EM signatures. Magnetic signals up to 105nT were found by Wu et al..during Qi emission by qigong practitioners [49]. Unusually high static charges (up to 221 volts) from the bodies of healers and psi-gifted people were reported by Watkins, Hochenegg, Shallis and Green [42 p157]. Nakamura measured an increase in biophoton emission intensity from the hands of practitioners in the qigong state [50]. Wallace found that human biophoton emissions could be increased by subjects at will and measured up to 100 times stronger emissions from the hands of gifted subjects compared to controls [51]. High surges in the magnetic field surrounding healers, or significant effects on distant magnetic sensors, have been published by Ullman, Watkins, Puthoff and Targ, Zimmerman and Ostrander and Schroeder, Sergeyev, (52; 42 p 168; 39]. Photographic film exposure in association with healing or clairvoyance experiments has been demonstrated in independent studies by Watkins, Turner and Zhao Yong-Jie [42 p 157, 169]. Radin reports that the background ionizing radiation could be decreased in accordance to task instructions (p<0.05), only to suddenly increase above control levels 20 seconds after the treatment period [53]. In a series of experiments involving therapeutic touch practitioners and their subjects, gamma radiation levels significantly decreased in 100% of the subjects and at every body site tested [54, 55].
Finally, we should also ask ourselves what such capabilities tell us about the healer's metabolic status. We know, for example, that advanced practitioners of Qigong can enter a special state (Bigu) in which they can subsist for weeks, sometimes months, on only 2-300 calories per day, while carrying on with normal activities. [56, 57] This "super-efficient state", as Prof. Roy has described it, has been shown to be metabolically different from that of normal fasting - which suggests that the body somehow switches over to a different way to process and conserve energy. Is there a link between Bigu and the energetic phenomena described above?
C.DISTANT MENTAL INTERACTIONS WITH LIVING SYSTEMS (DMILS)
DMILS include a wide range of variables, from physiological parameters like EEG and galvanic skin response [40, 58, 59, 60] to the denaturation of DNA in solution [42, 61] to affecting the morbidity and mortality rates of HIV/AIDS patients by remote prayer groups [62]. Typically in these experiments the sender is isolated from the experimental group by distances ranging from a few meters (an adjacent room) up to thousands of kilometers and the subjects are blind to the sending period, so that a comparison can be made with the "non-influence" windows.
The statistical significance of these remote effects across dozens of independent studies is highly consistentdespite the subjects' inability to consciously "guess" the sending window. Some studies have shown a lag time to onset of effect in the order of seconds [59,60], while in others, paradoxically, an anticipatory effect has been demonstrated [58] - consistent with decades of parapsychological retro-pk evidence, but a clear challenge to our current concept of information flow and causality.
Such evidence of space and time non-locality is probably the single greatest reason for which spiritual healing continues to encounter major resistance as a legitimate research subject from the scientific establishment. And yet at a physics theoretical level there is nothing that prohibits such effects from taking place: indeed, if there is one salient observation to be made on the basis of our foregoing discussion, it is that modern medicine seems to have almost entirely disassociated itself from the biophysical bases of life: current thinking appears to stop mysteriously at the biomolecular level, completely oblivious to the physics that lie beneath. Our challenge is to take this next step and place the current, biomolecular understanding of genetic regulation into a broader context - hoping that some of the answers which have eluded us so far, such as the onset criticality and reversal of malignant programs, will become more obvious at this level of the control hierarchy.
III. A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON THE GENETIC CODE
A. A HIERARCHY OF GENETIC REGULATORY MECHANISMS:
Even a brief survey of the literature, such as we have undertaken, suggests that there are at least three main levels of control mechanisms dictating the unfolding of genetic programs:
1. THE BIOCHEMICAL LEVEL: this includes, but is not limited to, the triplet genetic code and the newly discovered histone code; mechanisms such as the availability of cellular chemical messengers, molecular feedback loops and cis-/ trans-regulation work on this level, controlling to at least some degree the sequence of different genes' expression.
2. THE BIOPHYSICAL LEVEL: this can further be divided into local and non-local effects.
2A. LOCAL control refers to the conformational effects of electromagnetic fields on chromatin, enzymes and cell membranes - which in turn affect the exposure of given genes and the rate of transcription/translation, plus possibly the rate of DNA sysnthesis and cell mitosis.
2B. NON-LOCAL effects include endogenous field coherence, electromagnetic interference grids, superconduction, photon localization phenomena and the possibility of non-material, wave-based genetic hybridization and regeneration, as demonstrated by the experiments of Gariaev and Kangeng.
3. THE CONSCIOUS LEVEL. As we suggested before, it is difficult to tell at this point whether consciousness and mental intent act both locally and non-locally, although the existence of DMILS and anticipatory effects is a strong indication that we need to look beyond simple electromagnetic entrainment between healer and patient.
Once we recognize that genetic programs are continuously modulated by all these different parameters, we need to ask ourselves a new set of questions. For example:
1. What is the correct order of these elements in the hierarchy?
2. How do level 1 and 2 mechanisms interface with conscious intent? (EM or other physical substrate?)
3. How do coherent biophoton fields interact with environmental EMFs?
4. How does conscious intent modulate endogenous EMFs?
5. What is the power/frequency/polarization profile of biophoton emissions under different states of consciousness and how does it vary with various intentions or forms of visualization?
6. What is the basis of target specificity and bi-directional effects in controlled healing/pk studies?
7. How is information transmitted non-locally?
B. PRELIMINARY FRAMEWORK
To begin addressing these questions, it is important to re-emphasize the biophysical perspective on living tissues emerging from the works cited above. According to this view, the coherence of endogenous EM fields and liquid crystal properties of biomolecules account for:
- NONLOCAL COMMUNICATION THROUGHOUT THE ORGANISM/ TISSUE/POPULATION
- SYNCHRONIZED BEHAVIOR OF BILLIONS OF CELLS
- EXQUISITE SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY TO WEAK STIMULI
- HIGHLY EFFICIENT ENERGY UTILIZATION
- POSSIBLE BRAIN-BODY ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTINUUM AND TUNING REGULATORY MECHANISM FOR TISSUE-LEVEL INTERFERENCE EFFECTS
C. WORKING HYPOTHESES
1. INTENT-DRIVEN CHROMATIN DECONDENSATION AS A FACTOR IN TRANSCRIPTION?
It is generally accepted that the conformation of the chromatin fiber must change reversibly in processes that require the access of regulatory proteins and enzymes to the DNA template (such as in transcription, replication and repair). Van Holde and Zlatanova have suggested [63, 64] that one of the major conformational changes that occurs during DNA compaction is a collapse of the angle made between three consecutive nucleosomes (internucleosomal angle), probably mediated by electrostatic changes in histone interactions with linker DNA.
Could such a change in angle be partly controlled by the electromagnetic hologram grid nodes postulated by Gariaev, Popp and others? If electrostatic interactions are responsible for chromatin folding/unfolding, it would be easy to see how changes in the frequency or polarization angle of DNA-associated biophotons could alter the locus of action of such pre-transcriptional decondensation. The demonstrated ability of conscious intent to produce winding/unwinding of in-vitro chromatin and to directionally influence transcription becomes highly significant in this context. One other supporting piece of evidence is the published experiments of Yan Xin [65] in which he repeatedly demonstrated the ability of external qi to alter the polarization of targeted He-Ne laser beams from distances ranging between 7-2000 km. The change in polarization occurred within an hour of the external qi emission, as repeated sharp fluctuations averaging 6-7 degrees and 10-12% change in intensity of the normal beam, compared to baseline. No difference was recorded in the controls.
2. MEDITATION AS PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL REMODELING
We propose that qigong and other meditative techniques work by progressively increasing the overall coherence ("qi flow"?) of the body's liquid crystal matrix via conscious mental driving, in a way not dissimilar to laser pumping or the gradual orientation of ferromagnetic particles in an EM field. Meditation frequencies could engage the thalamic silent periods (as Oschman has suggested) and possibly other frequency-window pacemakers, and thus drive the configurational states that the body naturally cycles through, to sensitize its LC matrix to particular frequencies. Moreover, the semiconductor nature of living tissues suggests that, with repeated passage of an EM current through them, their sensitivity to subsequent signals should increase - a property which, we believe, is critical to the understanding of long-term physiological changes seen in meditators [66, 67]. The maintenance of a mentally-driven, permanent tighter-than-average molecular coherence would, in our model, lead to a gradual increase in tissue liquid crystallinity, more efficient signal detection/transmission and hence greater perceptual sensitivity, energy efficiency (Bigu) and ability to correct local EM "contextual errors".
3. DO SPECIFIC INTENTS TRANSLATE INTO CHARACTERISTIC BRAIN-BODY WAVE FORMS?
As we have seen earlier, Becker has shown that an organism's somatic DC field correlates in very specific ways with its state of consciousness: using salamanders for test subjects, Becker found that under anesthesia, their peripheral voltages dropped to zero, and even reversed in very deep stages [4 p. 111]. Similar instances of reversal in body polarity are reported as occurring in human subjects monitored during deep trances induced in preparation for remote viewing. In Spiritual Healing, Benor reports on a study by Rein and Laskow which found that four different intentions by the same healer produced different body magnetic emissions which correlated with different biological effects on tumor cell cultures [42 p. 159].
As we have seen earlier, the bi-directional effect of intent on living targets is also mirrored, remarkably, by the bi-phasic response of tissues to specific EM frequency windows (section I-B).
Furthermore, it is highly interesting to note the close parallel between the genetic-level effects of healing intent as described in [1] and those of weak electromagnetic fields as discussed earlier in this paper (i.e. altered levels of mRNAs and proteins, increased enzyme activities, decrease in tumor growth and cell mitotic index, tumor cell alterations in shape and membrane discontinuity, increased apoptosis, accelerated differentiation - as well as seed revitalization and hybridization with the Gariaev/Kangeng techniques). The fact that many of these bioelectromagnetic studies found no adverse EMF effects on normal cells also seems to parallel the regulatory influence of healing intent [42, 78].
Is there a link between effective mental healing intent, or the altered state of consciousness required to produce it, and these unusual EM emissions? Are characteristic frequencies/spectra required for particular healing effects? And do these unusual EM signals play an active role in healing (perhaps by entrainment and frequency synchronization with the patient, as Oschman suggests) - or are they merely by-products of a deeper interpersonal communication mechanism we have yet to discover?
Based on the evidence presented in this paper, we tend to agree with suggestions by Beck, Oschman and Becker that healers produce characteristic electromagnetic frequencies which can exert specific biological effects on their target. However, we would like to qualify this statement by adding the following observations:
1.Frequency may not be the only parameter involved in modulating the EM signal. In view of Popp's and Gariaev's data, we have reason to believe that the phase and polarization of endogenous fields are also under the effect of conscious intent, which may be self-generated or transmitted non-locally by a healer.
Thus the specificity of guided imagery may be the result of unique windows of frequency/ polarization excited at the level of the cerebral cortex, then spreading globally along neural and perineural pathways. It is also possible that concentration on complex sensory modalities (ie the vividness of imagery) synchronizes larger areas of the cortex, resulting in a more powerful signal. Gariaev's contextual holographic paradigm further suggests that a pathologic EM environment may be less stable than that of healthy tissue, and thus more easily modified. Finally, we could also make an argument that stress, or other chronic emotional disturbances, represent a possible source of de-synchronization with partial loss of endogenous field coherence.
2. Another point that cannot be overemphasized is that the presence of electromagnetic signatures associated with intent does not necessarily imply an EM transmission mechanism (i.e. via proximal frequency, entrainment or coupling to the Schumann resonance, as previously discussed by Oschman, Becker and Sidorov) - but simply that these ubiquitous EM signals may be produced as a secondary, local effect of the primary interaction. While EM coupling cannot be excluded in some situations, we need to realize that the nonlocal characteristics of mental healing (target specificity, distance and time independence) require more than a classical communication framework (see below).
4. DISTANT INFORMATION TRANSFER
One of the most remarkable features of distant mental interactions with living and inert systems is that they affect only the target samples, leaving other (control) samples which are within the same radius, statistically unchanged [49]. This strongly suggests that we are dealing with some form of entanglement between healer and target, rather than a classical, isotropic field-mediated process. However, it has been repeatedly pointed out by Dossey, Walach, Pitkanen and others that in such cases the definition and exact mechanism of quantum entanglement would have to be expanded to account for the insertion/extraction of intelligent information and for the notorious problem of decoherence in complex quantum systems.
One comprehensive model that happens to contain such an extended concept of entanglement (together with numerous testable predictions which are supported by Gariaev's spectra and the presence of EM signatures at the target) is Pitkanen's Topological Geometrodynamics - an 8-dimensional cosmology which is the product of 4-D Minkowskian space-time and the SU(3)/U(2) projective space of two complex dimensions [68, 69, 70, 71]. The geometrization of all basic interactions in TGD means that classical fields and matter form a pseudo-Feynman diagram in which the lines representing matter are replaced by spacetime sheets and virtual bosons are replaced by topological light rays ("massless extremals", MEs). MEs generate geometrical supracurrents which serve as a source of coherent photons and act as geometrical correlates of entanglement between distant material space/time sheets (the vertices of the pseudo-Feynman diagram). One of the predictions of TGD is that focused mental intent produces topological field quanta - form-specific MEs which act as non-dissipative entanglement bridges between sender and target and which create characteristic ionic and electromagnetic signatures at both ends by their interaction with local magnetic flux tubes.
Thus the solution proposed by Pitkanen appears to elegantly connect all the major observations we have discussed in our paper up to this point: a distant healer's conscious intent can be seen as generating form-specific geometrical currents which "propagate" non-dissipatively across arbitrarily large distances and which interact with the intended target by producing characteristic, coherent photon signatures. In turn these photons interact with the organism's endogenous electromagnetic field to modulate specific frequency or polarization parameters as described by Popp and Gariaev, thus altering interference patterns, regulating inter-cellular communication and the contextual environment of DNA/RNA expression inside cells.
Of course, at this point it is difficult to fill in all the details, or indeed feel confident of the absolute validity of such a model. On the other hand, TGD opens experimental possibilities that have generally not been available with other theories of nonlocal healing. In [70] we have made a number of proposals regarding the types of tests that could be conducted as a preliminary verification of TGD predictions. Together with additional replications of the Gariaev experiments and of the major histo-molecular healing studies reviewed in this paper, we believe these ideas are well-worth pursuing as part of a future research program in complementary and alternative medicine. As opposed to previous mind-body research proposals, all these suggested protocols are remarkably concrete, objective, quantifiable and compatible with our need to construct a consistent physical theory. Since only innovative experimentation will be able to select the most promising theoretical models, and since in the absence of such models we cannot begin to incorporate this valuable body of evidence into our overall therapeutic strategy, we feel it is imperative that the NIH and other potential sponsors treat these proposals with the attention they deserve.
CONCLUSIONS
Where do we go from here? The first step, of course, should be a well-coordinated experimental program replicating the major classes of mental interactions described in these two papers. Protocols could be set up to study the biophysical basis of differential response in normal and abnormal cell populations (target specificity/normalization); to compare the effect size, replicability, side effects and long-term response for biophysical and mind-body therapeutic approaches in specific pathological models; to study the ability of normal human populations to learn and effectively implement such mental techniques (clinical studies); and to investigate the interactions between external EM fields and endogenous currents with respect to genetic regulation. Finally, given the common challenge that nonlocal communication presents to researchers in physics, parapsychology and mind-body medicine, we strongly advocate the establishment of interdisciplinary teams to collaborate on innovative new protocols capable of extracting meaningful conclusions about this fundamental aspect of reality.
From an applications point of view, we should start identifying the most effective meditation protocols for specific effects - i.e. enhancement of immune function, expression of specific genes, suppression of pathogens or reversal of malignant cell behavior/induction of apoptosis. It is also important to start designing and standardizing teaching programs, perhaps through the use of biofeedback methods to evaluate the effectiveness of teachers' and students' meditation on specific biological parameters. Understanding the interactions between mind-body interventions and conventional treatment modalities (such as the demonstrated increase in drug uptake and reduction in chemotharepy side effects with concurrent qigong practice) is another long-term goal, which should allow us to eventually integrate such multi-modality therapies for optimal results with minimal iatrogenic trauma to the organism.
Finally, we would like to take a step back and end this presentation with a philosophical observation. For more than a century, the common assumption in parapsychology research has been that the brain is the primary detection organ for subconscious/ anomalous cognition. However, in spite of this experimental focus, there is a remarkable lack of evidence supporting this contention - in fact we now know that certain peripheral responses to anomalous stimuli, such as the galvanic skin response, are highly consistent in the absence of any conscious awareness of these stimuli. Is the brain the only conceivable transducer of nonlocal information?
Indeed, the literature shows that psi function manifests across the full taxonomic continuum, from humans to animals [41, 58, 73, 74, 77] to plants and individual cells [72, 42]. Since such consistent features are generally attributed to a very successful adaptive mechanism, and Pitkanen's TGD predicts a fractal hierarchy of biological emitters/receivers for nonlocal communication, could it be that the exquisite sensitivity of genetic material (DNA, RNA, protein) to mental intent may in fact reflect a deep evolutionary principle? For these first forms of life, devoid of what we would call a sensory system, chemical and electromagnetic interactions with the environment would have been one, albeit purely random, type of "orientation" response. However, the complex behavior of organisms starting from the very bottom of the taxonomic tree (see virus and prion dynamics, DNA repair and transcription, etc) strongly suggest that behavioral adaptations were set in place, which clearly reflect a directional, self-serving interaction with the environment and that we are at a loss to explain on purely biomolecular grounds. Could the survival instinct of primitive organisms qualify as consciousness - suggesting that the genetic material in our bodies might in fact be the oldest and primary "antenna" for nonlocal communication? While this may at first look like a rhetorical question, the sobering realization that we are still in the dark about the higher-level programs regulating the spatial and temporal expression of DNA [2,3,77], together with the evidence presented in this paper, suggest a positive answer. And if conscious intent has the ability to shape our organism's response to environmental challenges by acting all the way down to DNA, RNA and protein levels, then it is indeed the most versatile and potent therapeutic intervention we could ever conceive.
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111. Chu DY, Wang WZ, He BH & Chen, K. (2001). The effect of external qi of qigong on bio-molecular conformation (III). Pp. 132-137 in Chez RA (ed.) Proceedings: Bridging Worlds and Filling Gaps in the Science of Healing. Hawaii, November 29-Dcember 3, 2001.
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Sedlak
Outline of Biological Magnetohydrodynamics
Włodzimierz Sedlak, Ph.D.
translated by Leane Roffey Line, Ph.D. and Jaroslaw Kempczynski, Ph.D.
a Bioelektronika report
In this article, Sedlak discusses how a living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer of electromagnetic energy. Biological systems generate their own magnetic mediums through a process he calls "dia-par", or diamagnetic to paramagnetic transition. Sedlak proposes that the science of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can be used to model living bioplasma. He predicts that this model can account for such phenomena as spin- waves, anabolic to catabolic transitions, and redox processes. Such low-frequency biological rhythmic activity can probably be accounted for by MHD mathematics, the proof of which he leaves to future generations.
The paper first appeared (in Polish) in the prestigious journal Kosmos A (Vol. 3, 1971) and later as Chapter 9 of Sedlak's book Bioelektronika. In 1993, the article was translated into English and published as an offprint by Dr. Leane Roffey Line (Neuro Magnetic Systems, San Antonio, TX) with permission of the Sedlak Estate. All materials © 1993 by Leane E. Roffey. All rights reserved. No part of this article may be reproduced in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from us.
Acknowledgements:
The translation of this paper is, to a large extent, the product of a group effort. In particular, we would like to thank the following:
My husband, Mark P. Line, for his efforts in building and supporting the Bioelektronika website and linguistic support of these translation efforts.
Mrs. Joanna Kalisz-Potorak, executrix of the Sedlak estate, Radom, Poland, for permission to bring this work to the attention of the English-speaking world.
Mr. Waldemar Kulinski of INKOM Instruments, Warsaw, Poland, for his tireless efforts in our behalf to obtain a copy of Bioelektronika.
Mr. Wilanowski and the PAX Institute for a copy of Bioelektronika.
MACRO, Inc. (USA) and MACRO PJG (Warsaw, Poland) for allowing Dr. Kempczynski to participate in this project.
Dr. James L. Oschman, Ph.D., N.O.R.A., Dover, NH, for introducing me to Dr. Sedlak's work and for many hours of discussion on the possibilities (pro and con) of biological MHD.
Mr. Richard Stenstavold and The Guild for Structural Integration, Boulder, CO, for additional assistance and the opportunity to communicate these ideas to their students in 1993. This work has percolated thanks to their past efforts.
The team of Polish scientists who reviewed this translation. In particular to my colleagues at the University of Lublin, Dr. Józef Zon and Dr. Marian Wnuk.
Biological information beyond the physiology of nerves and the endocrine system constitutes open territory in zoology. In the vegetable realm it is a nearly unknown subject. There is no life, however, without internal information. The formation of organized structures and directed functions requires a subtle and efficient system of information. Information from outside is essential to the maintenance of vital processes, as biological systems "feed" on information hence the need to distribute it through the entire system as an energetic resource.
It should be presumed that a common basis for information exists within any biological system, whether animal or vegetable. Biological steering (control) should display the following features: a) it should be instantaneous and generalized; it cannot be a "diffusion" of information through the system, as that would work too slowly; b) capable of receiving every type of information from the environment (electromagnetic, acoustic, thermal, chemical, mechanical, gravitational); c) able to receive selectively the same information over different biological orders of magnitude;
d) it must incorporate parts of the organism and the whole at the same time; e) an excess of information must trigger a "switch-off" in the organism; f) it must experience minimal loss and distortion, and therefore insure maximum fidelity of transmission.
A living system does not just detect and generate information, it also transforms it. The propagation of information throughout the system is an important question, and the one least studied until now.
The subject of interest here will be that of magnetic signals.
The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Living Organisms
Changes in behavior of animals 7, 8 and magnetotropism observed in plants 3 are features not just of entire organisms: such effects are also displayed by leukocytes 4, erythrocytes 35, macrophages 50, and blood platelets 6. Single-cellular organisms, such as Paramecium, display generalized magnetic characteristics, being on the whole diamagnetic. Magnetic field lines repel organisms in water.28, 37 There may be an analogy with electrophoretic methods; in this case we may deal with magnetophoresis, suitable for separating organisms of different magnetic
susceptibilities. This concept has already been applied to microorganisms.27
Normal 5 and tumorous tissues 33 display varied responses to magnetic fields. Indeed, a diagnostic method based on the magnetic susceptibility of tissues has been proposed.45 The effect of such fields is not restricted to morphological and structural alterations; it is also observed in functions such as respiration 38, fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 and enzyme activity.19
The basis for such reactions should be sought in magnetochemical processes, particularly in electronic states, the effect of magnetic fields on the rate of recombination of radicals, dia- to paramagnetic transitions -- this has been observed in bacteriophages,34 in the protein of human blood serum,36 as well as in stimulated nerves.14
The action of magnetic fields affects the magnetic states of organic molecules, conditioned by quantum-electronic processes. There presumably exists some fundamental magnetic state of a living organism which is disrupted by the action of external factors.
In addition to passive dependence, it is also observed that biological units generate magnetic fields. This is put to advantage in magnetoencephalography13 and magnetocardiography.12 Biological systems presumably create their own magnetic environment, which varies and is dependent on many factors. Moreover, it seems that magnetic fields determine general coordination, at least in the case of superior types of systems;17 conditioned reflexes have been seen to be affected in fish and birds. Perturbations of the weak geomagnetic field confuse coordination of superior nervous structures in humans.16
Paramagnetic resonance in living tissues indicates that these are endowed with a certain state of magnetic susceptibility and constitute, as a whole, magnetic media. Indeed, all organisms, including the complex, display generalized magnetic characteristics -- although some authors find discrepancies in the experimental data. The interpretation of these mechanisms must be considered relative at this time.
The most important point is the response of living organisms to low-frequency fields. Unfortunately, the separation of an electro-magnetic field into electric and magnetic vectors is an involved problem, and the effects are usually attributed to the electric vector. The sensibility of living systems to fluctuations of weak magnetic fields of planetary origin indicates that magnetic effects are of greater importance, at least to the general reaction of the organism. These matters form the subject of the young science of bioclimatology.
The Internal Magnetic Environment of Life
The structure of the internal magnetic environment can be viewed in approximate analogy to lasers, where paramagnetic centers play an important role. This procedure is justified by the recent observation of laser-like effects in biological systems.42
Semiconducting organic matter constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic components. These may thus form a paramagnetic "colloid" within a diamagnetic medium. Such a "colloidal" state is an essential condition. The activated particles must form an actual or colloidal solution, while preserving their paramagnetic properties.31 The medium consists of diamagnetic water, as well as saccharides, lipids and protein. The nature of paramagnetism in organic semiconductors remains an open question; it is presumably related to an increased number of delocalized
π-electrons31 or to the increase of donor-acceptor type autocomplex between molecules. Hydrogen bonding is another cause of larger paramagnetic shifts.24 A hydrogen bond may be considered as a "magnetic" amphoter, since it binds the exceptionally paramagnetic proton to a diamagnetic oxygen nucleus. The same situation occurs with other types of hydrogen bonding, such as H-N and H-S. In all cases a proton is bound to a strongly diamagnetic atomic nucleus.
Such an evolutionary direction may be partly observed in the phylogenesis of respiration. Respiration was not always based on oxygen, though presumably it always was "paramagnetic". It may therefore have been based on hydrogen.49 The intermediate product of oxydase action -- H2O2 -- decays under the action of peroxydase and catalase into diamagnetic water and a paramagnetic oxygen atom. Hydrogen is a paramagnetic, as is oxygen in its atomic state. It seems that life searched through many roads in joining paramagnetic components in respiration. Relic forms of oxygen transport, on a paramagnetic vanadium atom, are known to operate in Urochordata (hemovanadin), on paramagnetic copper in Mollusca (hemocyanin), and finally, the most evolved form, is assisted by ferromagnetic iron in hemoglobin.
A biological system may be in general understood as a diamagnetic medium with distributed paramagnetic centers. This is arranged for in various ways, either using paramagnetic protons -- if these are not screened by the electrons of the compound's configuration -- or paramagnetic atoms of the transition metals. Molecular hydrogen presumably belongs to the same class. Another way proceeds by a variably paramagnetic situation created in the organic substrate -- for instance, by an increase in the number of unpaired electron spins. The concentration of these in organic compounds is sometimes as high as 1019 to 1021 per gram of substance. Moreover, the spatial configuration of some molecules leads to a situation which is at once both diamagnetic and paramagnetic. In any event, aromatic rings display simultaneously a strong diamagnetic field, resulting from the action of π-electrons, and a paramagnetic field produced by the circular current of the protons15 (Fig. 1).
It may prove useful to treat biological electronic states as a physical plasma. Enrichment with a paramagnetic component was in the interest of the plasma processes of life. This problem forms the subject of a separate paper.44 By plasma we mean here the averaged-out electronic states of metabolism, that is, the most generalized and unique approach to the processes of life. This is further justified by the fact that protein semiconductors may be understood in terms of solid-state plasma.21 In organic compounds, this plasma is of electron-proton type. A plasma responds to magnetic and electric fields, acoustic waves, mechanical action, gravitational fields, and temperature; in addition it depends on chemical composition. Its exceptional selectivity and responsiveness, through alteration of its own state, make plasma the ideal carrier system of information within living organisms. Plasma is basically diamagnetic, there are however many factors which may locally produce paramagnetism. Moreover, there are two basic moments in evolution to be considered: a) the growth of the number of electrical components forming the plasma; b) the accumulation of paramagnetics and the formation of temporary paramagnetic centers in diamagnetic organic compounds.
The first issue above has been treated in more detail elsewhere.43 As to the accumulation of paramagnetics, a good example is the pyrolysis reaction which yields condensed pyridine rings. This has been studied experimentally in polyacrylonitrile.31 The reaction of pyridine latticization is enhanced by the presence of Fe, Cu and Cr atoms or by irradiation. The products of pyrolysis are paramagnetic, containing approximately 1019 unpaired electrons per gram of substance, even though the polymer was diamagnetic before pyrolysis. Nature presumably makes use of the same properties of heterocyclic rings in forming complexes involving Fe in the case of heme, cyto-chromium or catalase, Cu in the case of hemocyanine, Mg in chlorophyll, Co in cobalamine. Derivatives of pyridine have found extensive application in the organization of vital processes.
In addition, nucleic acids and their protein complexes are systems of strongly coupled spins.9 Annular complexes with charge transfer, formed from aromatic amines adn quinones with quadruple substitution, are another case of paramagnetics. Research on charge-transfer paramagnetism has barely begun -- we are still referring to semiconducting polymers. In these cases the number of unpaired electrons is between 1016 and 1021 per gram of substance.
A separate issue is that of the formation, along with plasma oscillations, of helical waves.25 Presumably, the helical structures of DNA and RNA are the product of a long molecular evolution, not without directive assistance of the helical wave and of an axially oriented magnetic field. In addition, nucleic acids are a system of strongly coupled spins. This applies equally to their protein complexes.
Anisotropic biological structures form a kind of guideway for plasmic processes. In some situations, such as in nucleic acids, they may direct electronic processes towards cycotron motion -- along helical trajectories. Helical waves in plasma produce a strong axial magnetic field. This is all the more true in the case of DNA, as one finds within the structure ferromagnetic iron atoms23 -- which may serve the purpose of amplifying this field; also stressed is the possibility of ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic transitions.22 DNA molecules may constitute paramagnetic
media of variable magnetic susceptibility.
There exist data of atomic nature, on molecular structures and field situations, concerning the temporary increase of paramagnetic centers in a diamagnetic medium. What therefore exists in a biological system is a magnetic situation which displays an analogy with an electronic state described by an oxido-reductive potential. One may speak of "donor" or "acceptor" states of a magnetic field. Plasma indeed repels magnetic field lines (or is itself repelled by them), or "freezes" field lines within itself. Within such a description, diamagnetic and paramagnetic transitions are
reminiscent of "magnetically" expressed redox reactions, if one may be allowed to say so.
Such a situation may be abbreviated as "dia-par". The analogy with redox processes may be further substantiated by the existence of charge transport between paramagnetic centers and diamagnetic molecules. Equally important is the subsistence of a level of diamagnetism as a general background for "dia-par" processes. Most likely, the enzymatic decay of organic compounds serves a similar purpose in that the decay products are always diamagnetic.11
A biological system displays not only an electronic "life" of its own, typical of protein semiconductors, but also a specific magnetic "life" endowed with a characteristic rhythm. This seems to consist of non-adiabatic variations of the direction of a constant magnetic field, as one of the means of inverting the filling of spin levels.1 In such a case there would be no need for any additional field to excite the paramagnetic centers.
As a result this should yield: 1) plasma pulsations between paramagnetic and diamagnetic components, 2) spin pulsations within organic diamagnetics and paramagnetics (spin waves). In this spatial aspect, the plasma pulses between two dia-par systems, exciting spin waves within them. These two waves display a relative phase shift. This may be how the generation and decay of plasma takes place within a biological system. Such a situation is technically described as a plasma placed in a field of periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). The plasma is subject to periodic states of magnetic compression.
In a simplified two-dimensional description, this should be understood as follows (Fig. 3): (a) is subject to variable diamagnetic and paramagnetic states. Another such system (b) is subject to the saem wave motion, shifted in phase. The enclosed plasma (an averaged-out electronic state of metabolism) is subject to alternating situations of compression and decompression. Thus we have a propagating plasma wave, characterized by an oscillating electric field. The variation of the state of the plasma is always accompanied by the emission of photons (f), of visible, ultraviolet or infrared frequencies. The emitted photons again induce variations of dia-paramagnetic states, maintaining the pulse of the spin wave. It may be that the weak bioluminescence which accompanies vital processes in cells, tissues, and complex organisms, taking place in the ultraviolet to infrared and in the intermediate visible band, is a product of the variable plasmic states of a living system. Experimental attempts to prove the reality of bioplasma are already under way.22a
Figure 3. The vibration of dia-par(amagnetic) plasma between two phase-shifted spin waves.
Magnetic vibrations and the concomitant emission of weak radiation are only different pictures of the same plasma discontinuity. Paramagnetic centers are quantum-mechanically "mobile", and vary according to the general magnetic situation of the system and radiation. The term 'plasmon', popular in solid state physics (an analog of excited states such as exciton or polaron) may prove to be adequate for, or even the key to, describing the biological vibration in terms of plasma.
As a consequence, wave motion in biological systems must include such effects as: a) spin waves in organic compounds; b) the generation and decay of the plasma itself. This is also magnetically described by the dia-par relation, as plasma is basically diamagnetic, becoming paramagnetic and freezing in magnetic field lines in magnetohydrodynamic states; c) anabolic-catabolic rhythm; d) redox processes; e) "wave-like" arrangement
of antagonistic enzymes, as these display their specific action only in phase, remaining inactive in counterphase, when enzymes of the opposite type become active. In counterphase, the activation energy is too large, thus antagonistic enzymes of lower activation energy become active.
The dia-par rhythm seems thus to be the moderator of all oscillatory or pulsating situations in life. The periodicity of processes is probably the basic issue within a biological system. Plasma is the best carrier for the simultaneous occurrence of opposite situations.
It would be useful to identify a universal carrier of information in living systems, common to plants and animals. The optimal adaptation to receive any kind of information and relay it instantaneously to the entire mass of the system is found in plasma. This reality of plasma physics must now be transferred into biology. It seems that the secret of life consists in process control through small energy and with minimal noise. Plasma can be controlled only through fields, in particular magnetic fields. Plasma betrays its presence only by the emission of an electromagnetic field and is obedient only to this field. Moreover, it "distinguishes" between the components of the electromagnetic field,
somewhat similarly to a semiconductor in the Hall effect.
The basic issue to the functional organization of life seems to be that of maintaining an unstable plasma state and controlling it by magnetic fields.
Magnetohydrodynamic Control
A generally diamagnetic medium with local and variable paramagnetic centers appears to be the basic data underlying plasma. Control over the correct and sequential development of paramagnetic centers in a living system is presumably based on magnetic transmission over a plasma carrier. Such a situation is called magnetohydrodynamics.
Magnetohydrodynamic biological control was anticipated in 1967.41 It is implied by the description of semiconductors in terms of plasma, by microplasmic features of hydrogen bonds, and the averaged-out description of electronic processes in a living organism.
Plasma unites in itself the phenomena of electrodynamics, electronics, and hydrodynamics, even in the absence of a fluid medium. One of the manifestations of this situation is given by the magnetohydroydnamic waves (MHD), that is, the wave propagation of magnetic field fluctuations in plasma, analogous to the transport of protuberance in a fluid medium, accompanied by real transport of magnetic energy. Thus it seems that a biological system possesses its own magnetic information, highly sensitive to external field variations and unusually responsive to spin variations in organic structure. The magnetohydrodynamic wave is one of the electromagnetic effects, and so is weak radiation. It is however typical of
plasma.
The plasma approach to life provides explanation for many effects. Above all, it points to two aspects of one and the same fact: life is, in its nature, electric -- however, its control takes place magnetically. Such appears to be the essential conclusion arising from the understanding of a living organism as plasma. The suitable arrangement of ferromagnetic atoms and the existence of temporary paramagnetic centers create a particular situation within the plasma, which undergoes abrupt changes in its properties under the action of a constant magnetic field, even a very weak one.18
The distribution of diamagnetics and paramagnetics, bioluminscence, semiconductivity of protein, and the plasma features of metabolic processes leads to conclusions concerning the control of vital functions. Plasma -- the fundamental background for the processes of life -- is maintained in a constantly agitated state of generation and decay through magnetohydrodynamic control. This state is correlated with other antagonistic situations, such as anabolism-catabolism, oxido-reductivity, dia-paramagnetism. It is moreover related to physiological currents and weakly luminescent effects. What is formed is a complex signaling system -- involving electric, magnetic, optical and acoustic effects.
This signaling system must operate not only on the level of single macromolecules like DNA,but also on that of groups of molecules, biological complexes such as cells, tissues, organs and the organism, and above all on the level of the metabolism, as an ensemble of chemical processes. Reducing the matter to basics: in a plasma medium with the features of a conducting liquid, control is effected by magnetic mechanisms. Here hydrodynamics combines with electrodynamics, yielding magnetohydrodynamic vibrations. The common factor of the entire system, namely the
averaged-out electronic state of the metabolism, seems therefore to be a carrier and receptor of those controls. In more biological terms -- the metabolism forms the carrier for the entire fundamental control within a living system.
The metabolism is not just the sum of chemical reactions regulated merely by the concentration of reagents. It is a property of the system as a whole, and as such, it is endowed with general control which regulates its anabolic-catabolic rhythm. Taken together, the electronic processes of metabolism may be treated, according to the most recent in physics, as a plasma state within the solid state of organic compounds.
The metabolism as a whole is controlled by magnetic rhythm of the MHD type. On top of this general wave-like background a more detailed communication takes place, involving weak bioluminescent radiation and all sort of effects collectively termed the biological field. On the same plasma substrate various other types of vibrations, other than MHD, may also develop -- such as optical, electric, gravitational, mechanical. The plasma and the wave-like interactions within produce a sui generis integrity of the system. The plasma is a source of all types of waves, which
feed back on the plasma and display mutual correlation.18
The coupled action generally termed life involves electronic processes of chemical reactions in protein semiconductors, oxido-reductive correlation, p-n micro-junction functions displayed in hydrogen bonds, luminescence, the dia-paramagnetic rhythm, ionization and recombination, preserving the direction and periodicity of processes. Chemical, electronic and (electromagnetic) field effects are closely combined. The manifestations of life may be ultimately summarized in terms of plasma and radiation.
Returning to low-frequency biological rhythms of presumably magnetohydrodynamic nature, it must be added that probably the most suitable subject for future research on this situation is the nervous system and the autonomous motions of the myocardium, of the aortic walls, as well as the peristalsis of the intestines and of the esophagus. Here, bioluminescence has been observed in the active muscular fibers47 and nerves,46 as well as slow oscillations of electric potential. The diagnostic features of the scheme displayed in Fig. 3 are therefore present. The basis for these
states should be provided by MHD rhythm which coordinates dia-paramagnetic states. Moreover, the brain and spinal cord accumulate large amounts of iron, lipofuscine. Brain tissue additionally displays a strong EPR adsorption in the 9.5 GHz frequency range.40 Electromagnetic fields produce variations of the alpha rhythm. The nervous and muscular systems may provide a good area of research on simultaneous optical and magnetohydrodynamic control.
Significantly, low-frequency biological rhythms display relations with the geophysical environment. The alpha rhythm of the human brain has a frequency of about 10 Hz, which is the same as the frequency of magnetohydrodynamic oscillations of the ionosphere, and of the vibrations of the Earth's crust.29, 48 The same frequency is found in the continuous vibrations of the entire organism's skeletal muscles in warm-blooded animals.39 For a human adult this frequency is 7 - 13 Hz, falling in the range of 8 - 12 Hz in 80% of subjects. The coincidence with the cerebral alpha waves lacks an explanation to date. The rhythm may be transmitted by waves through the organism. At least, certain domains of electric resistance have been found to exist,26 as well as variations in the intensity of radiation from different parts of the surface of the organism.
It cannot be ruled out that these are periodic waves transmitted by the musculature, similarly to ciliary motion or the peristalsis of the esophagus and intestines. The vascular rhythm of blood is already being interpreted in magnetohydrodynamic terms.30 It may be that the oscillations of biopotentials in the higher form of plants will be assigned to the same class of slow rhythms: the frequency observed in the common pumpkin treated with potassium chloride is between 7 to 12 pulses per minute in different parts of the plant. Further research will tell more about the simple or multiple magnetohydrodynamic correlation between geophysics and biology. Such facts would imply far-reaching and strongly converging evolutionary conditioning by environmental periodicity.
Such is the outline of the bionics of the near future, which will be concerned with the electromagnetic system of control in biological systems -- control based upon the quantum states of a living organism.
Magnetohydrodynamics has been relatively well developed for the diffuse state of inter-stellar matter and of the ionosphere, and much less so for laboratory plasma. The magnetohydrodynamics of semiconductors is a recent field in solid state physics, where the search for theoretical approaches is still on at present.20 It is true that the application of magnetohydrodynamics to biological systems proceeds by analogy, but one which is justified by the plasmic properties of protein semiconductors, bioluminscence, paramagnetic resonance in proteins and entire tissues, biological rhythm, the sensitivity of organisms to magnetic fields, and the pulsation of biopotentials.
Biological magnetohydrodynamics simultaneously enhances our understanding of energy storage in a living system; in addition to energy-rich chemical compounds such as ATP, there is the storage of electric and magnetic energy in the plasma state. Life is a highly energetic system, not only in its chemical aspect.
Summary
A living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer. The chief interest of the author is internal information of the biosystem at the molecular and submolecular level, mainly in its magnetic profile.
Influence of magnetic fields on a living organism: Change in behaviour of animals,7,8 magnetotropism of plants,3 influence on leucocytes and erythrocytes,4,35, macrophages,50 blood platelets,6 normal tissues5 and neoplastic tissue,33 changes in respiration,38 in fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 enzyme activity,19 moreover influence on unicellular organisms as a whole (they are diamagnetic28,37). The basis of such reactions is sought for in magnetochemical, but also in electronic processes and in transitions from dia- to paramagnetism. The magnetic field influences the co-ordination of higher nervous activities. Conditioned reflexes in fish and birds change under this influence.17 Disturbances in the geomagnetic field cause dissociation of the function in human nervous centres.16
Internal magnetic medium of life: Biological systems generate their own magnetic medium. The semiconductor organic mass constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic elements. Paramagnetic centres may arise owing to protons, if they are not screened by the electrons of the chemical compound configuration, or they may be due to atoms of transition metals or else free radicals with unpaired spins. Hydrogen bonds also give wide paramagnetic shifts.24 The role of delocalized electrons and donor-acceptor autocomplexes31 is stressed. The configuration of some molecules creates a dia- and paramagnetic situation. Aromatic rings exhibit both a strong diamagnetic field owing to the action of π electrons and a paramagnetic one as the result of a circular proton current15 (Fig. 1). Paramagnetic centres are associated with the formation of complexes and transfer of the charge, as has been demonstrated for aromatic amines. Nucleic acids and their complex with proteins9 are a system of strongly coupled spins. DNA and RNA formation in molecular evolution did not occur without the contribution of a helical wave and an axially oriented magnetic field.25 The electron movement can take place inside the helix giving a cyclotron effect with the axial field. The presence of iron atoms in the DNA structure may enhance the paramagnetic effects.29
The magnetic situation in a biological system is analogous to a reducing-oxydizing system. One can speak of a "donor" and "acceptor" state of the magnetic field. Dia- and paramagnetic transitions resemble redox reactions. The author suggests for them the abbreviation "dia-par". The analogy seems correct since there is charge transfer between the paramagnetic centres and diamagnetic molecules.
As a result of this pulsation of paramagnetic states in a diamagnetic centre spin pulsation should occur. Two pulsating dia-par systems should give a spin wave. A similar situation occurs in rhythmic magnetic compression for the plasma contained in a field with a periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). If we accept the bioplasms concept of Sedlak,41,42 two molecular systems (a) and (b) undergoing changing dia- and paramagnetic states a shifted phase can be represented. The bioplasma contained between them, in the sense of an averaged electron state of metabolism, is subjected to alternating magnetic compression and decompression (Fig. 3).
The following rhythmic processes may occur in biosystems: spin wave, a generative-degradative bioplasma situation, the relation described as dia-par, anabolic-catabolic states, redox processes.
Magnetohydrodynamic control: Magnetohydrodynamic effects in biological systems have been reported by Sedlak in 1967.41 A living organism possesses its own magnetic information. The basic substrate of life -- plasma of protein semiconductors -- is maintained in generative-degradative excitement in the case of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. In organic semiconductors undergoing metabolism and electronic processes a complex electric, magnetic and acoustic signalling system is formed. The final recipient of these signals is metabolism. Biological rhythmics of low frequency could probably be referred to the MHD wave.
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11. Brill, A.S. (1961) "The detection of free-radical intermediates in biochemical reactions by their magnetic susceptibility", in Blois, M.S. and Brown, H.W. (eds) Free Radicals in Biological Systems, p. 53. New York: Academic Press.
12. Cohen, D. (1967) "Magnetic fields around the torso: Production by electrical activity of human heart", Science 156: 652.
13. Cohen, D. (1968) "Magnetoencephalography: Evidence of magnetic fields produced by alpha-rhythm currents", Science 161: 784.
14. Commoner, B., Woolum, J.C. and Larsson, E. (1969) "Electron spin resonance signals in injured nerves", Science 165: 703.
15. Dyer, J.R. (1967) Spektroskopia absorpcyjna w chemii organiczney [Spectroscopic Absorption in Organic Chemistry]. In Polish, translated from English. Warszawa.
16. Friedman, H., Becker, R.O. and Bachman, C.H. (1965) "Psychiatric ward behavior and geophysical parameters", Nature 205: 1050.
17. Friedman, H., Becker, R.O. and Bachman, C.H. (1967) "Effect of magnetic fields on reaction time performance", Nature 214: 949.
18. Ginzburg, W.L. (1964) Fale elektromagnetyczne w plasmie [Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma]. In Polish, translated from Russian. Warszawa.
19. Haberditzl, W. (1967) "Enzyme activity in high magnetic fields", Nature 213: 72.
20. Handel, P.H. (1966) "Instabilitäten, Turbulenz und Funkelrauschen in Halbleitern III. Turbulenz im Halbleiterplasma und Funkelrauschen", Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 21a: 579.
21. Hartnagel, H. (1969) Semiconductor Plasma Instabilities. London: Heinemann Educ. Books Ltd.
22. Illina, A.N., Naktinis, I.L., Moszkowskij, J.S. and Blumenfeld, L.A. (1967) "EPR kompleksow żeleza s niekotorymi komponientami nukleinowych kisłot", Biofizika 12: 181. In Russian.
22a. Iniuszin, W.M., Griszczenko, W.S., Worobiew, N.A., Szujskij, N.N., Fedorowa, N.N. Gibadulin, F.F. (1968) O biołogiczeskoj suszcznosti effiekta Kirlian. (Konceptcija biołogiczeskoj plazmy) In Russian. Ałma-Ata.
23. Iwanow, V.I. (1965) "O roli mietałłow w dezoksiribonukleinowoj kisłotie", Biofizika 1: 11. In Russian.
24. Jackman, L.M. (1962) Zastosowanie spektroskopii magnetycznego resonansu jądrowego w chemii organicznej. In Polish, translated from English. Warszawa.
25. Jeleński, A. and Fiedziuszko, S. (1969) "Perspektywy nowych elementów microfalowych [Prospects for new microwave elements]", in Mikrofalowa elektronika ciała stałego. Materiały z konferencji [Microwave Solid State Electronics. Conference Proceedings], part 3, p. 282. Warszawa.
26. Jöchte, W. (1958) "Über ein System von Linien erhöhter Hautleitfähigkeit bei Haustieren", Naturwissenschaften 45: 275.
27. Knöll, H. and Trasselt, D. (1965) "Mikrobenisolierung durch Magnetismus", Naturwissenschaften 52: 84.
28. Kogan, A.B., Tichonowa, N.A. (1965) "Diestwije postojannogo magnitnogo polia na dwiżeniya paramecij", Biofizika 10: 292. In Russian.
29. König, H. and Ankemüller, F. (1960) "Über den Einfluss besonders niederfrequenter elektrischer Vorgänge in der Atmosphäre auf den Menschen", Naturwissenschaften 47: 486. In German.
30. Korczewskij, E.M. and Marocznik, L.S. (1965) "O magnitogidrodinamiczeskom wariantie pieremieszczenija krowi", Biofizika (volume missing): 371. In Russian.
31. Kryszewski, M. (1968) Półprzewodniki wielkocząsteczkowe. In Polish. Warszawa.
32. Moskwa, W. and Rostkowska, J. (1965) "Wpływ stałego pola magnetycznego na zdolność fermentacyjną drożdży oraz ich wrażliwość na jady [Effect of a constant magnetic field on the fermentation ability in yeast and on its sensitivity to toxins]", Acta Physiol. Pol. 16: 559. In Polish.
33. Mulay, I.L. and Mulay, L.N. (1961) "Effect of a magnetic feld on sarcoma 37 ascites tumor cells", Nature 190: 1019.
34. Müller, A., Hotz, G. and Zimmer, K.G. (1961) "Elektronischer Paramagnetismus in Bakteriophagen", Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 16b: 658. In German.
35. Murayama, M. (1965) "Orientation of sickled erythrocytes in a magnetic field", Nature 206: 420.
36. Nalbandian, R.M., Michel, R.E. and Mader, I. (1968) "Paramagnetism of human serum proteins demonstrated by two-stage electromagnetophoresis", Experientia 24: 1006.
37. Ożigowa, A.P. and Ożigow, I.E. (1966) "Wlijanie postojannogo magnitnogo polia na dviżenie paramecji", Biofizika 11: 1026. In Russian.
38. Reno, V.R. and Nutini, L.G. (1963) "Effect of magnetic fields on tissue respiration", Nature 198: 204.
39. Rohracher, H. (1962) "Permanente rhythmische Mikrobewegungen des Warmblüter-Organismus (Mikrovibration)",
Naturwissenschaften 49: 145.
40. Sarba, T., Froncisz, W., Srebro, Z. and Łukiewicz, S. (1970) "Widmo elektronowego resonansu paramagnetycznego (EPR) tkanek mózgowych u myszy [Spectra of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in mice]", in II Sympozjum Biofizyki w Kazimierzu n/Wisłą, Lublin, s. 25. In Polish.
41. Sedlak, W. (1967) "Elektrostaza i ewolucja organiczna [Electrostasis and organic evolution]", Roczniki Filozoficzne 3: 31.
42. Sedlak, W. (1970) "Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w układach biologicznych [Physical plasma and laser effects in biological systems]", Kosmos A XIX: 143. In Polish.
43. Sedlak, W. (in press) "Wstęp do elektromagnetycznej teorii źycia [Introduction to the electromagnetic theory of life]". (Also appeared
in Sedlak, W. (1979) Bioelektronika, pp. 113-141. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.) In Polish.
44. Sedlak, W. (in prep) "Plazma fizyczna i źycie [Physical plasma and life]". In Polish.
45. Senftle, F.R. and Thorpe, A. (1961) "Magnetic susceptibility of normal liver and transplantable hepatoma tissue", Nature 190: 410.
46. Sztrankfeld, I.G. and Frank, G.M. (1964) "O luminescencji gigantskich nierwnykh wołokon pri wozbużdienij", Biofizika 9: 321. In
Russian.
47. Sztrankfeld, I.G., Klimenko, L.L. and Komarow, N.N. (1968) "O swierchsłaboj luminescencji myszcz", Biofizika 13: 919. In Russian.
48. Wever, R. (1968) "Einfluss schwacher elektromagnetischer Felder auf die circadiane Periodik des Menschen", Naturwissenschaften 55: 25.
49. Wieland, H. (1947) "Über den Verlauf der biologischen Oxydation", Naturwissenschaften 34: 111.
50. Valentinuzzi, M., Ferraresi, R.W.and Vazquez, F. (1966) "Culture of macrophages under homogeneous static magnetic field", Experientia 22: 312.
SUMMARY
A living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer. The chief interest of the author is internal information of the biosystem at the molecular and submolecular level, mainly in its magnetic profile.
Influence of magnetic fields on a living organism: Change in behaviour of animals,7,8 magnetotropism of plants,3 influence on leucocytes and erythrocytes,4,35, macrophages,50 blood platelets,6 normal tissues5 and neoplastic tissue,33 changes in respiration,38 in fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 enzyme activity,19 moreover influence on unicellular organisms as a whole (they are diamagnetic28,37). The basis of such reactions is sought for in magnetochemical, but also in electronic processes and in transitions from dia- to paramagnetism. The magnetic field influences the co-ordination of higher nervous activities. Conditioned reflexes in fish and birds change under this influence.17 Disturbances in the geomagnetic field cause dissociation of the function in human nervous centres.16
Internal magnetic medium of life: Biological systems generate their own magnetic medium. The semiconductor organic mass constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic elements. Paramagnetic centres may arise owing to protons, if they are not screened by the electrons of the chemical compound configuration, or they may be due to atoms of transition metals or else free radicals with unpaired spins. Hydrogen bonds also give wide paramagnetic shifts.24 The role of delocalized electrons and donor-acceptor autocomplexes31 is stressed. The configuration of some molecules creates a dia- and paramagnetic situation. Aromatic rings exhibit both a strong diamagnetic field owing to the action of π electrons and a paramagnetic one as the result of a circular proton current15 (Fig. 1). Paramagnetic centres are associated with the formation of complexes and transfer of the charge, as has been demonstrated for aromatic amines. Nucleic acids and their complex with proteins9 are a system of strongly coupled spins. DNA and RNA formation in molecular evolution did not occur without the contribution of a helical wave and an axially oriented magnetic field.25 The electron movement can take place inside the helix giving a cyclotron effect with the axial field. The presence of
iron atoms in the DNA structure may enhance the paramagnetic effects.29
The magnetic situation in a biological system is analogous to a reducing-oxydizing system. One can speak of a "donor" and "acceptor" state of the magnetic field. Dia- and paramagnetic transitions resemble redox reactions. The author suggests for them the abbreviation "dia-par". The analogy seems correct since there is charge transfer between the paramagnetic centres and diamagnetic molecules.
As a result of this pulsation of paramagnetic states in a diamagnetic centre spin pulsation should occur. Two pulsating dia-par systems should give a spin wave. A similar situation occurs in rhythmic magnetic compression for the plasma contained in a field with a periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). If we accept the bioplasms concept of Sedlak,41,42 two molecular systems (a) and (b) undergoing changing dia- and paramagnetic states a shifted phase can be represented. The bioplasma contained between them, in the sense of an averaged electron state of metabolism, is subjected to alternating magnetic compression and decompression (Fig. 3).
The following rhythmic processes may occur in biosystems: spin wave, a generative-degradative bioplasma situation, the relation described as dia-par, anabolic-catabolic states, redox processes.
Magnetohydrodynamic control: Magnetohydrodynamic effects in biological systems have been reported by Sedlak in 1967.41 A living organism possesses its own magnetic information. The basic substrate of life -- plasma of protein semiconductors -- is maintained in generative-degradative excitement in the case of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. In organic semiconductors undergoing metabolism and electronic processes a complex electric, magnetic and acoustic signalling system is formed. The final recipient of these signals is metabolism. Biological rhythmics of low frequency could probably be referred to the MHD wave.
Włodzimierz Sedlak, Ph.D.
translated by Leane Roffey Line, Ph.D. and Jaroslaw Kempczynski, Ph.D.
a Bioelektronika report
In this article, Sedlak discusses how a living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer of electromagnetic energy. Biological systems generate their own magnetic mediums through a process he calls "dia-par", or diamagnetic to paramagnetic transition. Sedlak proposes that the science of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) can be used to model living bioplasma. He predicts that this model can account for such phenomena as spin- waves, anabolic to catabolic transitions, and redox processes. Such low-frequency biological rhythmic activity can probably be accounted for by MHD mathematics, the proof of which he leaves to future generations.
The paper first appeared (in Polish) in the prestigious journal Kosmos A (Vol. 3, 1971) and later as Chapter 9 of Sedlak's book Bioelektronika. In 1993, the article was translated into English and published as an offprint by Dr. Leane Roffey Line (Neuro Magnetic Systems, San Antonio, TX) with permission of the Sedlak Estate. All materials © 1993 by Leane E. Roffey. All rights reserved. No part of this article may be reproduced in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photography, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from us.
Acknowledgements:
The translation of this paper is, to a large extent, the product of a group effort. In particular, we would like to thank the following:
My husband, Mark P. Line, for his efforts in building and supporting the Bioelektronika website and linguistic support of these translation efforts.
Mrs. Joanna Kalisz-Potorak, executrix of the Sedlak estate, Radom, Poland, for permission to bring this work to the attention of the English-speaking world.
Mr. Waldemar Kulinski of INKOM Instruments, Warsaw, Poland, for his tireless efforts in our behalf to obtain a copy of Bioelektronika.
Mr. Wilanowski and the PAX Institute for a copy of Bioelektronika.
MACRO, Inc. (USA) and MACRO PJG (Warsaw, Poland) for allowing Dr. Kempczynski to participate in this project.
Dr. James L. Oschman, Ph.D., N.O.R.A., Dover, NH, for introducing me to Dr. Sedlak's work and for many hours of discussion on the possibilities (pro and con) of biological MHD.
Mr. Richard Stenstavold and The Guild for Structural Integration, Boulder, CO, for additional assistance and the opportunity to communicate these ideas to their students in 1993. This work has percolated thanks to their past efforts.
The team of Polish scientists who reviewed this translation. In particular to my colleagues at the University of Lublin, Dr. Józef Zon and Dr. Marian Wnuk.
Biological information beyond the physiology of nerves and the endocrine system constitutes open territory in zoology. In the vegetable realm it is a nearly unknown subject. There is no life, however, without internal information. The formation of organized structures and directed functions requires a subtle and efficient system of information. Information from outside is essential to the maintenance of vital processes, as biological systems "feed" on information hence the need to distribute it through the entire system as an energetic resource.
It should be presumed that a common basis for information exists within any biological system, whether animal or vegetable. Biological steering (control) should display the following features: a) it should be instantaneous and generalized; it cannot be a "diffusion" of information through the system, as that would work too slowly; b) capable of receiving every type of information from the environment (electromagnetic, acoustic, thermal, chemical, mechanical, gravitational); c) able to receive selectively the same information over different biological orders of magnitude;
d) it must incorporate parts of the organism and the whole at the same time; e) an excess of information must trigger a "switch-off" in the organism; f) it must experience minimal loss and distortion, and therefore insure maximum fidelity of transmission.
A living system does not just detect and generate information, it also transforms it. The propagation of information throughout the system is an important question, and the one least studied until now.
The subject of interest here will be that of magnetic signals.
The Effect of Magnetic Fields on Living Organisms
Changes in behavior of animals 7, 8 and magnetotropism observed in plants 3 are features not just of entire organisms: such effects are also displayed by leukocytes 4, erythrocytes 35, macrophages 50, and blood platelets 6. Single-cellular organisms, such as Paramecium, display generalized magnetic characteristics, being on the whole diamagnetic. Magnetic field lines repel organisms in water.28, 37 There may be an analogy with electrophoretic methods; in this case we may deal with magnetophoresis, suitable for separating organisms of different magnetic
susceptibilities. This concept has already been applied to microorganisms.27
Normal 5 and tumorous tissues 33 display varied responses to magnetic fields. Indeed, a diagnostic method based on the magnetic susceptibility of tissues has been proposed.45 The effect of such fields is not restricted to morphological and structural alterations; it is also observed in functions such as respiration 38, fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 and enzyme activity.19
The basis for such reactions should be sought in magnetochemical processes, particularly in electronic states, the effect of magnetic fields on the rate of recombination of radicals, dia- to paramagnetic transitions -- this has been observed in bacteriophages,34 in the protein of human blood serum,36 as well as in stimulated nerves.14
The action of magnetic fields affects the magnetic states of organic molecules, conditioned by quantum-electronic processes. There presumably exists some fundamental magnetic state of a living organism which is disrupted by the action of external factors.
In addition to passive dependence, it is also observed that biological units generate magnetic fields. This is put to advantage in magnetoencephalography13 and magnetocardiography.12 Biological systems presumably create their own magnetic environment, which varies and is dependent on many factors. Moreover, it seems that magnetic fields determine general coordination, at least in the case of superior types of systems;17 conditioned reflexes have been seen to be affected in fish and birds. Perturbations of the weak geomagnetic field confuse coordination of superior nervous structures in humans.16
Paramagnetic resonance in living tissues indicates that these are endowed with a certain state of magnetic susceptibility and constitute, as a whole, magnetic media. Indeed, all organisms, including the complex, display generalized magnetic characteristics -- although some authors find discrepancies in the experimental data. The interpretation of these mechanisms must be considered relative at this time.
The most important point is the response of living organisms to low-frequency fields. Unfortunately, the separation of an electro-magnetic field into electric and magnetic vectors is an involved problem, and the effects are usually attributed to the electric vector. The sensibility of living systems to fluctuations of weak magnetic fields of planetary origin indicates that magnetic effects are of greater importance, at least to the general reaction of the organism. These matters form the subject of the young science of bioclimatology.
The Internal Magnetic Environment of Life
The structure of the internal magnetic environment can be viewed in approximate analogy to lasers, where paramagnetic centers play an important role. This procedure is justified by the recent observation of laser-like effects in biological systems.42
Semiconducting organic matter constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic components. These may thus form a paramagnetic "colloid" within a diamagnetic medium. Such a "colloidal" state is an essential condition. The activated particles must form an actual or colloidal solution, while preserving their paramagnetic properties.31 The medium consists of diamagnetic water, as well as saccharides, lipids and protein. The nature of paramagnetism in organic semiconductors remains an open question; it is presumably related to an increased number of delocalized
π-electrons31 or to the increase of donor-acceptor type autocomplex between molecules. Hydrogen bonding is another cause of larger paramagnetic shifts.24 A hydrogen bond may be considered as a "magnetic" amphoter, since it binds the exceptionally paramagnetic proton to a diamagnetic oxygen nucleus. The same situation occurs with other types of hydrogen bonding, such as H-N and H-S. In all cases a proton is bound to a strongly diamagnetic atomic nucleus.
Such an evolutionary direction may be partly observed in the phylogenesis of respiration. Respiration was not always based on oxygen, though presumably it always was "paramagnetic". It may therefore have been based on hydrogen.49 The intermediate product of oxydase action -- H2O2 -- decays under the action of peroxydase and catalase into diamagnetic water and a paramagnetic oxygen atom. Hydrogen is a paramagnetic, as is oxygen in its atomic state. It seems that life searched through many roads in joining paramagnetic components in respiration. Relic forms of oxygen transport, on a paramagnetic vanadium atom, are known to operate in Urochordata (hemovanadin), on paramagnetic copper in Mollusca (hemocyanin), and finally, the most evolved form, is assisted by ferromagnetic iron in hemoglobin.
A biological system may be in general understood as a diamagnetic medium with distributed paramagnetic centers. This is arranged for in various ways, either using paramagnetic protons -- if these are not screened by the electrons of the compound's configuration -- or paramagnetic atoms of the transition metals. Molecular hydrogen presumably belongs to the same class. Another way proceeds by a variably paramagnetic situation created in the organic substrate -- for instance, by an increase in the number of unpaired electron spins. The concentration of these in organic compounds is sometimes as high as 1019 to 1021 per gram of substance. Moreover, the spatial configuration of some molecules leads to a situation which is at once both diamagnetic and paramagnetic. In any event, aromatic rings display simultaneously a strong diamagnetic field, resulting from the action of π-electrons, and a paramagnetic field produced by the circular current of the protons15 (Fig. 1).
It may prove useful to treat biological electronic states as a physical plasma. Enrichment with a paramagnetic component was in the interest of the plasma processes of life. This problem forms the subject of a separate paper.44 By plasma we mean here the averaged-out electronic states of metabolism, that is, the most generalized and unique approach to the processes of life. This is further justified by the fact that protein semiconductors may be understood in terms of solid-state plasma.21 In organic compounds, this plasma is of electron-proton type. A plasma responds to magnetic and electric fields, acoustic waves, mechanical action, gravitational fields, and temperature; in addition it depends on chemical composition. Its exceptional selectivity and responsiveness, through alteration of its own state, make plasma the ideal carrier system of information within living organisms. Plasma is basically diamagnetic, there are however many factors which may locally produce paramagnetism. Moreover, there are two basic moments in evolution to be considered: a) the growth of the number of electrical components forming the plasma; b) the accumulation of paramagnetics and the formation of temporary paramagnetic centers in diamagnetic organic compounds.
The first issue above has been treated in more detail elsewhere.43 As to the accumulation of paramagnetics, a good example is the pyrolysis reaction which yields condensed pyridine rings. This has been studied experimentally in polyacrylonitrile.31 The reaction of pyridine latticization is enhanced by the presence of Fe, Cu and Cr atoms or by irradiation. The products of pyrolysis are paramagnetic, containing approximately 1019 unpaired electrons per gram of substance, even though the polymer was diamagnetic before pyrolysis. Nature presumably makes use of the same properties of heterocyclic rings in forming complexes involving Fe in the case of heme, cyto-chromium or catalase, Cu in the case of hemocyanine, Mg in chlorophyll, Co in cobalamine. Derivatives of pyridine have found extensive application in the organization of vital processes.
In addition, nucleic acids and their protein complexes are systems of strongly coupled spins.9 Annular complexes with charge transfer, formed from aromatic amines adn quinones with quadruple substitution, are another case of paramagnetics. Research on charge-transfer paramagnetism has barely begun -- we are still referring to semiconducting polymers. In these cases the number of unpaired electrons is between 1016 and 1021 per gram of substance.
A separate issue is that of the formation, along with plasma oscillations, of helical waves.25 Presumably, the helical structures of DNA and RNA are the product of a long molecular evolution, not without directive assistance of the helical wave and of an axially oriented magnetic field. In addition, nucleic acids are a system of strongly coupled spins. This applies equally to their protein complexes.
Anisotropic biological structures form a kind of guideway for plasmic processes. In some situations, such as in nucleic acids, they may direct electronic processes towards cycotron motion -- along helical trajectories. Helical waves in plasma produce a strong axial magnetic field. This is all the more true in the case of DNA, as one finds within the structure ferromagnetic iron atoms23 -- which may serve the purpose of amplifying this field; also stressed is the possibility of ferromagnetic to anti-ferromagnetic transitions.22 DNA molecules may constitute paramagnetic
media of variable magnetic susceptibility.
There exist data of atomic nature, on molecular structures and field situations, concerning the temporary increase of paramagnetic centers in a diamagnetic medium. What therefore exists in a biological system is a magnetic situation which displays an analogy with an electronic state described by an oxido-reductive potential. One may speak of "donor" or "acceptor" states of a magnetic field. Plasma indeed repels magnetic field lines (or is itself repelled by them), or "freezes" field lines within itself. Within such a description, diamagnetic and paramagnetic transitions are
reminiscent of "magnetically" expressed redox reactions, if one may be allowed to say so.
Such a situation may be abbreviated as "dia-par". The analogy with redox processes may be further substantiated by the existence of charge transport between paramagnetic centers and diamagnetic molecules. Equally important is the subsistence of a level of diamagnetism as a general background for "dia-par" processes. Most likely, the enzymatic decay of organic compounds serves a similar purpose in that the decay products are always diamagnetic.11
A biological system displays not only an electronic "life" of its own, typical of protein semiconductors, but also a specific magnetic "life" endowed with a characteristic rhythm. This seems to consist of non-adiabatic variations of the direction of a constant magnetic field, as one of the means of inverting the filling of spin levels.1 In such a case there would be no need for any additional field to excite the paramagnetic centers.
As a result this should yield: 1) plasma pulsations between paramagnetic and diamagnetic components, 2) spin pulsations within organic diamagnetics and paramagnetics (spin waves). In this spatial aspect, the plasma pulses between two dia-par systems, exciting spin waves within them. These two waves display a relative phase shift. This may be how the generation and decay of plasma takes place within a biological system. Such a situation is technically described as a plasma placed in a field of periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). The plasma is subject to periodic states of magnetic compression.
In a simplified two-dimensional description, this should be understood as follows (Fig. 3): (a) is subject to variable diamagnetic and paramagnetic states. Another such system (b) is subject to the saem wave motion, shifted in phase. The enclosed plasma (an averaged-out electronic state of metabolism) is subject to alternating situations of compression and decompression. Thus we have a propagating plasma wave, characterized by an oscillating electric field. The variation of the state of the plasma is always accompanied by the emission of photons (f), of visible, ultraviolet or infrared frequencies. The emitted photons again induce variations of dia-paramagnetic states, maintaining the pulse of the spin wave. It may be that the weak bioluminescence which accompanies vital processes in cells, tissues, and complex organisms, taking place in the ultraviolet to infrared and in the intermediate visible band, is a product of the variable plasmic states of a living system. Experimental attempts to prove the reality of bioplasma are already under way.22a
Figure 3. The vibration of dia-par(amagnetic) plasma between two phase-shifted spin waves.
Magnetic vibrations and the concomitant emission of weak radiation are only different pictures of the same plasma discontinuity. Paramagnetic centers are quantum-mechanically "mobile", and vary according to the general magnetic situation of the system and radiation. The term 'plasmon', popular in solid state physics (an analog of excited states such as exciton or polaron) may prove to be adequate for, or even the key to, describing the biological vibration in terms of plasma.
As a consequence, wave motion in biological systems must include such effects as: a) spin waves in organic compounds; b) the generation and decay of the plasma itself. This is also magnetically described by the dia-par relation, as plasma is basically diamagnetic, becoming paramagnetic and freezing in magnetic field lines in magnetohydrodynamic states; c) anabolic-catabolic rhythm; d) redox processes; e) "wave-like" arrangement
of antagonistic enzymes, as these display their specific action only in phase, remaining inactive in counterphase, when enzymes of the opposite type become active. In counterphase, the activation energy is too large, thus antagonistic enzymes of lower activation energy become active.
The dia-par rhythm seems thus to be the moderator of all oscillatory or pulsating situations in life. The periodicity of processes is probably the basic issue within a biological system. Plasma is the best carrier for the simultaneous occurrence of opposite situations.
It would be useful to identify a universal carrier of information in living systems, common to plants and animals. The optimal adaptation to receive any kind of information and relay it instantaneously to the entire mass of the system is found in plasma. This reality of plasma physics must now be transferred into biology. It seems that the secret of life consists in process control through small energy and with minimal noise. Plasma can be controlled only through fields, in particular magnetic fields. Plasma betrays its presence only by the emission of an electromagnetic field and is obedient only to this field. Moreover, it "distinguishes" between the components of the electromagnetic field,
somewhat similarly to a semiconductor in the Hall effect.
The basic issue to the functional organization of life seems to be that of maintaining an unstable plasma state and controlling it by magnetic fields.
Magnetohydrodynamic Control
A generally diamagnetic medium with local and variable paramagnetic centers appears to be the basic data underlying plasma. Control over the correct and sequential development of paramagnetic centers in a living system is presumably based on magnetic transmission over a plasma carrier. Such a situation is called magnetohydrodynamics.
Magnetohydrodynamic biological control was anticipated in 1967.41 It is implied by the description of semiconductors in terms of plasma, by microplasmic features of hydrogen bonds, and the averaged-out description of electronic processes in a living organism.
Plasma unites in itself the phenomena of electrodynamics, electronics, and hydrodynamics, even in the absence of a fluid medium. One of the manifestations of this situation is given by the magnetohydroydnamic waves (MHD), that is, the wave propagation of magnetic field fluctuations in plasma, analogous to the transport of protuberance in a fluid medium, accompanied by real transport of magnetic energy. Thus it seems that a biological system possesses its own magnetic information, highly sensitive to external field variations and unusually responsive to spin variations in organic structure. The magnetohydrodynamic wave is one of the electromagnetic effects, and so is weak radiation. It is however typical of
plasma.
The plasma approach to life provides explanation for many effects. Above all, it points to two aspects of one and the same fact: life is, in its nature, electric -- however, its control takes place magnetically. Such appears to be the essential conclusion arising from the understanding of a living organism as plasma. The suitable arrangement of ferromagnetic atoms and the existence of temporary paramagnetic centers create a particular situation within the plasma, which undergoes abrupt changes in its properties under the action of a constant magnetic field, even a very weak one.18
The distribution of diamagnetics and paramagnetics, bioluminscence, semiconductivity of protein, and the plasma features of metabolic processes leads to conclusions concerning the control of vital functions. Plasma -- the fundamental background for the processes of life -- is maintained in a constantly agitated state of generation and decay through magnetohydrodynamic control. This state is correlated with other antagonistic situations, such as anabolism-catabolism, oxido-reductivity, dia-paramagnetism. It is moreover related to physiological currents and weakly luminescent effects. What is formed is a complex signaling system -- involving electric, magnetic, optical and acoustic effects.
This signaling system must operate not only on the level of single macromolecules like DNA,but also on that of groups of molecules, biological complexes such as cells, tissues, organs and the organism, and above all on the level of the metabolism, as an ensemble of chemical processes. Reducing the matter to basics: in a plasma medium with the features of a conducting liquid, control is effected by magnetic mechanisms. Here hydrodynamics combines with electrodynamics, yielding magnetohydrodynamic vibrations. The common factor of the entire system, namely the
averaged-out electronic state of the metabolism, seems therefore to be a carrier and receptor of those controls. In more biological terms -- the metabolism forms the carrier for the entire fundamental control within a living system.
The metabolism is not just the sum of chemical reactions regulated merely by the concentration of reagents. It is a property of the system as a whole, and as such, it is endowed with general control which regulates its anabolic-catabolic rhythm. Taken together, the electronic processes of metabolism may be treated, according to the most recent in physics, as a plasma state within the solid state of organic compounds.
The metabolism as a whole is controlled by magnetic rhythm of the MHD type. On top of this general wave-like background a more detailed communication takes place, involving weak bioluminescent radiation and all sort of effects collectively termed the biological field. On the same plasma substrate various other types of vibrations, other than MHD, may also develop -- such as optical, electric, gravitational, mechanical. The plasma and the wave-like interactions within produce a sui generis integrity of the system. The plasma is a source of all types of waves, which
feed back on the plasma and display mutual correlation.18
The coupled action generally termed life involves electronic processes of chemical reactions in protein semiconductors, oxido-reductive correlation, p-n micro-junction functions displayed in hydrogen bonds, luminescence, the dia-paramagnetic rhythm, ionization and recombination, preserving the direction and periodicity of processes. Chemical, electronic and (electromagnetic) field effects are closely combined. The manifestations of life may be ultimately summarized in terms of plasma and radiation.
Returning to low-frequency biological rhythms of presumably magnetohydrodynamic nature, it must be added that probably the most suitable subject for future research on this situation is the nervous system and the autonomous motions of the myocardium, of the aortic walls, as well as the peristalsis of the intestines and of the esophagus. Here, bioluminescence has been observed in the active muscular fibers47 and nerves,46 as well as slow oscillations of electric potential. The diagnostic features of the scheme displayed in Fig. 3 are therefore present. The basis for these
states should be provided by MHD rhythm which coordinates dia-paramagnetic states. Moreover, the brain and spinal cord accumulate large amounts of iron, lipofuscine. Brain tissue additionally displays a strong EPR adsorption in the 9.5 GHz frequency range.40 Electromagnetic fields produce variations of the alpha rhythm. The nervous and muscular systems may provide a good area of research on simultaneous optical and magnetohydrodynamic control.
Significantly, low-frequency biological rhythms display relations with the geophysical environment. The alpha rhythm of the human brain has a frequency of about 10 Hz, which is the same as the frequency of magnetohydrodynamic oscillations of the ionosphere, and of the vibrations of the Earth's crust.29, 48 The same frequency is found in the continuous vibrations of the entire organism's skeletal muscles in warm-blooded animals.39 For a human adult this frequency is 7 - 13 Hz, falling in the range of 8 - 12 Hz in 80% of subjects. The coincidence with the cerebral alpha waves lacks an explanation to date. The rhythm may be transmitted by waves through the organism. At least, certain domains of electric resistance have been found to exist,26 as well as variations in the intensity of radiation from different parts of the surface of the organism.
It cannot be ruled out that these are periodic waves transmitted by the musculature, similarly to ciliary motion or the peristalsis of the esophagus and intestines. The vascular rhythm of blood is already being interpreted in magnetohydrodynamic terms.30 It may be that the oscillations of biopotentials in the higher form of plants will be assigned to the same class of slow rhythms: the frequency observed in the common pumpkin treated with potassium chloride is between 7 to 12 pulses per minute in different parts of the plant. Further research will tell more about the simple or multiple magnetohydrodynamic correlation between geophysics and biology. Such facts would imply far-reaching and strongly converging evolutionary conditioning by environmental periodicity.
Such is the outline of the bionics of the near future, which will be concerned with the electromagnetic system of control in biological systems -- control based upon the quantum states of a living organism.
Magnetohydrodynamics has been relatively well developed for the diffuse state of inter-stellar matter and of the ionosphere, and much less so for laboratory plasma. The magnetohydrodynamics of semiconductors is a recent field in solid state physics, where the search for theoretical approaches is still on at present.20 It is true that the application of magnetohydrodynamics to biological systems proceeds by analogy, but one which is justified by the plasmic properties of protein semiconductors, bioluminscence, paramagnetic resonance in proteins and entire tissues, biological rhythm, the sensitivity of organisms to magnetic fields, and the pulsation of biopotentials.
Biological magnetohydrodynamics simultaneously enhances our understanding of energy storage in a living system; in addition to energy-rich chemical compounds such as ATP, there is the storage of electric and magnetic energy in the plasma state. Life is a highly energetic system, not only in its chemical aspect.
Summary
A living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer. The chief interest of the author is internal information of the biosystem at the molecular and submolecular level, mainly in its magnetic profile.
Influence of magnetic fields on a living organism: Change in behaviour of animals,7,8 magnetotropism of plants,3 influence on leucocytes and erythrocytes,4,35, macrophages,50 blood platelets,6 normal tissues5 and neoplastic tissue,33 changes in respiration,38 in fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 enzyme activity,19 moreover influence on unicellular organisms as a whole (they are diamagnetic28,37). The basis of such reactions is sought for in magnetochemical, but also in electronic processes and in transitions from dia- to paramagnetism. The magnetic field influences the co-ordination of higher nervous activities. Conditioned reflexes in fish and birds change under this influence.17 Disturbances in the geomagnetic field cause dissociation of the function in human nervous centres.16
Internal magnetic medium of life: Biological systems generate their own magnetic medium. The semiconductor organic mass constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic elements. Paramagnetic centres may arise owing to protons, if they are not screened by the electrons of the chemical compound configuration, or they may be due to atoms of transition metals or else free radicals with unpaired spins. Hydrogen bonds also give wide paramagnetic shifts.24 The role of delocalized electrons and donor-acceptor autocomplexes31 is stressed. The configuration of some molecules creates a dia- and paramagnetic situation. Aromatic rings exhibit both a strong diamagnetic field owing to the action of π electrons and a paramagnetic one as the result of a circular proton current15 (Fig. 1). Paramagnetic centres are associated with the formation of complexes and transfer of the charge, as has been demonstrated for aromatic amines. Nucleic acids and their complex with proteins9 are a system of strongly coupled spins. DNA and RNA formation in molecular evolution did not occur without the contribution of a helical wave and an axially oriented magnetic field.25 The electron movement can take place inside the helix giving a cyclotron effect with the axial field. The presence of iron atoms in the DNA structure may enhance the paramagnetic effects.29
The magnetic situation in a biological system is analogous to a reducing-oxydizing system. One can speak of a "donor" and "acceptor" state of the magnetic field. Dia- and paramagnetic transitions resemble redox reactions. The author suggests for them the abbreviation "dia-par". The analogy seems correct since there is charge transfer between the paramagnetic centres and diamagnetic molecules.
As a result of this pulsation of paramagnetic states in a diamagnetic centre spin pulsation should occur. Two pulsating dia-par systems should give a spin wave. A similar situation occurs in rhythmic magnetic compression for the plasma contained in a field with a periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). If we accept the bioplasms concept of Sedlak,41,42 two molecular systems (a) and (b) undergoing changing dia- and paramagnetic states a shifted phase can be represented. The bioplasma contained between them, in the sense of an averaged electron state of metabolism, is subjected to alternating magnetic compression and decompression (Fig. 3).
The following rhythmic processes may occur in biosystems: spin wave, a generative-degradative bioplasma situation, the relation described as dia-par, anabolic-catabolic states, redox processes.
Magnetohydrodynamic control: Magnetohydrodynamic effects in biological systems have been reported by Sedlak in 1967.41 A living organism possesses its own magnetic information. The basic substrate of life -- plasma of protein semiconductors -- is maintained in generative-degradative excitement in the case of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. In organic semiconductors undergoing metabolism and electronic processes a complex electric, magnetic and acoustic signalling system is formed. The final recipient of these signals is metabolism. Biological rhythmics of low frequency could probably be referred to the MHD wave.
References
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2. Arzimowitsch, L.A. (1965) Gesteuerte thermonukleare Reaktionen. Berlin: Akad. Ver.
3. Audus, L.J. (1960) "Magnetotropism: a new plant-growth response", Nature 185: 132.
4. Barnothy, J.M., Barnothy, F.M. and Boszormenyi-Nagy, I. (1956) "Influence of a magnetic field upon the leukocytes of the mouse", Nature 177: 577.
5. Barnothy, M.F. and Sumegi, I. (1969) "Abnormalities in organs of mice induced by a magnetic field", Nature 221: 270.
6. Barnothy, M.F. and Barnothy, J.M. (1970) "Magnetic fields and the number of blood platelets", Nature 225: 1146.
7. Barnwell, F.H. and Brown, F.A. (1961) "Magnetic and photic responses in snails", Experientia 17: 513.
8. Becker, G. (1963) "Magnetfeld-Orientierung von Dipteren", Naturwissenschaften 50: 664.
9. Blumenfeld, L.A., Kalmanson, A.E. and Shen, P.G. (1959) Dokł. Akad. Nauk SSSR 124: 1114.
10. Boe, A. and Salunkhe, K.D. (1963) "Effects of magnetic fields on tomato ripening", Nature 199: 91.
11. Brill, A.S. (1961) "The detection of free-radical intermediates in biochemical reactions by their magnetic susceptibility", in Blois, M.S. and Brown, H.W. (eds) Free Radicals in Biological Systems, p. 53. New York: Academic Press.
12. Cohen, D. (1967) "Magnetic fields around the torso: Production by electrical activity of human heart", Science 156: 652.
13. Cohen, D. (1968) "Magnetoencephalography: Evidence of magnetic fields produced by alpha-rhythm currents", Science 161: 784.
14. Commoner, B., Woolum, J.C. and Larsson, E. (1969) "Electron spin resonance signals in injured nerves", Science 165: 703.
15. Dyer, J.R. (1967) Spektroskopia absorpcyjna w chemii organiczney [Spectroscopic Absorption in Organic Chemistry]. In Polish, translated from English. Warszawa.
16. Friedman, H., Becker, R.O. and Bachman, C.H. (1965) "Psychiatric ward behavior and geophysical parameters", Nature 205: 1050.
17. Friedman, H., Becker, R.O. and Bachman, C.H. (1967) "Effect of magnetic fields on reaction time performance", Nature 214: 949.
18. Ginzburg, W.L. (1964) Fale elektromagnetyczne w plasmie [Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma]. In Polish, translated from Russian. Warszawa.
19. Haberditzl, W. (1967) "Enzyme activity in high magnetic fields", Nature 213: 72.
20. Handel, P.H. (1966) "Instabilitäten, Turbulenz und Funkelrauschen in Halbleitern III. Turbulenz im Halbleiterplasma und Funkelrauschen", Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 21a: 579.
21. Hartnagel, H. (1969) Semiconductor Plasma Instabilities. London: Heinemann Educ. Books Ltd.
22. Illina, A.N., Naktinis, I.L., Moszkowskij, J.S. and Blumenfeld, L.A. (1967) "EPR kompleksow żeleza s niekotorymi komponientami nukleinowych kisłot", Biofizika 12: 181. In Russian.
22a. Iniuszin, W.M., Griszczenko, W.S., Worobiew, N.A., Szujskij, N.N., Fedorowa, N.N. Gibadulin, F.F. (1968) O biołogiczeskoj suszcznosti effiekta Kirlian. (Konceptcija biołogiczeskoj plazmy) In Russian. Ałma-Ata.
23. Iwanow, V.I. (1965) "O roli mietałłow w dezoksiribonukleinowoj kisłotie", Biofizika 1: 11. In Russian.
24. Jackman, L.M. (1962) Zastosowanie spektroskopii magnetycznego resonansu jądrowego w chemii organicznej. In Polish, translated from English. Warszawa.
25. Jeleński, A. and Fiedziuszko, S. (1969) "Perspektywy nowych elementów microfalowych [Prospects for new microwave elements]", in Mikrofalowa elektronika ciała stałego. Materiały z konferencji [Microwave Solid State Electronics. Conference Proceedings], part 3, p. 282. Warszawa.
26. Jöchte, W. (1958) "Über ein System von Linien erhöhter Hautleitfähigkeit bei Haustieren", Naturwissenschaften 45: 275.
27. Knöll, H. and Trasselt, D. (1965) "Mikrobenisolierung durch Magnetismus", Naturwissenschaften 52: 84.
28. Kogan, A.B., Tichonowa, N.A. (1965) "Diestwije postojannogo magnitnogo polia na dwiżeniya paramecij", Biofizika 10: 292. In Russian.
29. König, H. and Ankemüller, F. (1960) "Über den Einfluss besonders niederfrequenter elektrischer Vorgänge in der Atmosphäre auf den Menschen", Naturwissenschaften 47: 486. In German.
30. Korczewskij, E.M. and Marocznik, L.S. (1965) "O magnitogidrodinamiczeskom wariantie pieremieszczenija krowi", Biofizika (volume missing): 371. In Russian.
31. Kryszewski, M. (1968) Półprzewodniki wielkocząsteczkowe. In Polish. Warszawa.
32. Moskwa, W. and Rostkowska, J. (1965) "Wpływ stałego pola magnetycznego na zdolność fermentacyjną drożdży oraz ich wrażliwość na jady [Effect of a constant magnetic field on the fermentation ability in yeast and on its sensitivity to toxins]", Acta Physiol. Pol. 16: 559. In Polish.
33. Mulay, I.L. and Mulay, L.N. (1961) "Effect of a magnetic feld on sarcoma 37 ascites tumor cells", Nature 190: 1019.
34. Müller, A., Hotz, G. and Zimmer, K.G. (1961) "Elektronischer Paramagnetismus in Bakteriophagen", Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 16b: 658. In German.
35. Murayama, M. (1965) "Orientation of sickled erythrocytes in a magnetic field", Nature 206: 420.
36. Nalbandian, R.M., Michel, R.E. and Mader, I. (1968) "Paramagnetism of human serum proteins demonstrated by two-stage electromagnetophoresis", Experientia 24: 1006.
37. Ożigowa, A.P. and Ożigow, I.E. (1966) "Wlijanie postojannogo magnitnogo polia na dviżenie paramecji", Biofizika 11: 1026. In Russian.
38. Reno, V.R. and Nutini, L.G. (1963) "Effect of magnetic fields on tissue respiration", Nature 198: 204.
39. Rohracher, H. (1962) "Permanente rhythmische Mikrobewegungen des Warmblüter-Organismus (Mikrovibration)",
Naturwissenschaften 49: 145.
40. Sarba, T., Froncisz, W., Srebro, Z. and Łukiewicz, S. (1970) "Widmo elektronowego resonansu paramagnetycznego (EPR) tkanek mózgowych u myszy [Spectra of electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in mice]", in II Sympozjum Biofizyki w Kazimierzu n/Wisłą, Lublin, s. 25. In Polish.
41. Sedlak, W. (1967) "Elektrostaza i ewolucja organiczna [Electrostasis and organic evolution]", Roczniki Filozoficzne 3: 31.
42. Sedlak, W. (1970) "Plazma fizyczna i laserowe efekty w układach biologicznych [Physical plasma and laser effects in biological systems]", Kosmos A XIX: 143. In Polish.
43. Sedlak, W. (in press) "Wstęp do elektromagnetycznej teorii źycia [Introduction to the electromagnetic theory of life]". (Also appeared
in Sedlak, W. (1979) Bioelektronika, pp. 113-141. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.) In Polish.
44. Sedlak, W. (in prep) "Plazma fizyczna i źycie [Physical plasma and life]". In Polish.
45. Senftle, F.R. and Thorpe, A. (1961) "Magnetic susceptibility of normal liver and transplantable hepatoma tissue", Nature 190: 410.
46. Sztrankfeld, I.G. and Frank, G.M. (1964) "O luminescencji gigantskich nierwnykh wołokon pri wozbużdienij", Biofizika 9: 321. In
Russian.
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SUMMARY
A living organism is not only an information detector and generator, but is also a transformer. The chief interest of the author is internal information of the biosystem at the molecular and submolecular level, mainly in its magnetic profile.
Influence of magnetic fields on a living organism: Change in behaviour of animals,7,8 magnetotropism of plants,3 influence on leucocytes and erythrocytes,4,35, macrophages,50 blood platelets,6 normal tissues5 and neoplastic tissue,33 changes in respiration,38 in fermentation processes,32 maturation,10 enzyme activity,19 moreover influence on unicellular organisms as a whole (they are diamagnetic28,37). The basis of such reactions is sought for in magnetochemical, but also in electronic processes and in transitions from dia- to paramagnetism. The magnetic field influences the co-ordination of higher nervous activities. Conditioned reflexes in fish and birds change under this influence.17 Disturbances in the geomagnetic field cause dissociation of the function in human nervous centres.16
Internal magnetic medium of life: Biological systems generate their own magnetic medium. The semiconductor organic mass constitutes a diamagnetic "solvent" for paramagnetic elements. Paramagnetic centres may arise owing to protons, if they are not screened by the electrons of the chemical compound configuration, or they may be due to atoms of transition metals or else free radicals with unpaired spins. Hydrogen bonds also give wide paramagnetic shifts.24 The role of delocalized electrons and donor-acceptor autocomplexes31 is stressed. The configuration of some molecules creates a dia- and paramagnetic situation. Aromatic rings exhibit both a strong diamagnetic field owing to the action of π electrons and a paramagnetic one as the result of a circular proton current15 (Fig. 1). Paramagnetic centres are associated with the formation of complexes and transfer of the charge, as has been demonstrated for aromatic amines. Nucleic acids and their complex with proteins9 are a system of strongly coupled spins. DNA and RNA formation in molecular evolution did not occur without the contribution of a helical wave and an axially oriented magnetic field.25 The electron movement can take place inside the helix giving a cyclotron effect with the axial field. The presence of
iron atoms in the DNA structure may enhance the paramagnetic effects.29
The magnetic situation in a biological system is analogous to a reducing-oxydizing system. One can speak of a "donor" and "acceptor" state of the magnetic field. Dia- and paramagnetic transitions resemble redox reactions. The author suggests for them the abbreviation "dia-par". The analogy seems correct since there is charge transfer between the paramagnetic centres and diamagnetic molecules.
As a result of this pulsation of paramagnetic states in a diamagnetic centre spin pulsation should occur. Two pulsating dia-par systems should give a spin wave. A similar situation occurs in rhythmic magnetic compression for the plasma contained in a field with a periodic structure2 (Fig. 2). If we accept the bioplasms concept of Sedlak,41,42 two molecular systems (a) and (b) undergoing changing dia- and paramagnetic states a shifted phase can be represented. The bioplasma contained between them, in the sense of an averaged electron state of metabolism, is subjected to alternating magnetic compression and decompression (Fig. 3).
The following rhythmic processes may occur in biosystems: spin wave, a generative-degradative bioplasma situation, the relation described as dia-par, anabolic-catabolic states, redox processes.
Magnetohydrodynamic control: Magnetohydrodynamic effects in biological systems have been reported by Sedlak in 1967.41 A living organism possesses its own magnetic information. The basic substrate of life -- plasma of protein semiconductors -- is maintained in generative-degradative excitement in the case of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) control. In organic semiconductors undergoing metabolism and electronic processes a complex electric, magnetic and acoustic signalling system is formed. The final recipient of these signals is metabolism. Biological rhythmics of low frequency could probably be referred to the MHD wave.
Journal of Consciousness Studies - http://www.imprint.co.uk/jcs.html
Over the last few years, research into consciousness has at last become accepted within the academic community. As John Searle puts it, raising the subject of consciousness in cognitive science discussions is no longer considered to be ``bad taste'', causing graduate students to ``roll their eyes at the ceiling and assume expressions of mild disgust.''
But why are we interested in consciousness? Most people are interested not just because of the academic and interdisciplinary challenges, but because of their personal experience - we have consciousness, we experience it; perhaps we even think that we ``are'' it. But, if we are to make progress in studying consciousness, we will have to think about it very clearly, and engage in serious constructive dialogues between a variety of viewpoints. And that is the purpose of this journal.
The field of consciousness studies is at a very early stage, characterized by crude theories, most of which are unlikely to stand the test of time. We prefer a broad, diverse and open conceptualization - including political consciousness, and ecological consciousness (for example in the sense of Bateson's ``ecology of mind''), but we do not wish to define for our authors exactly what any of these terms mean. We seek to provoke a spirited debate by actively seeking serious opposing views, for example from cognitive science, biology and philosophy.
The Journal of Consciousness Studies covers this broad field by:
But why are we interested in consciousness? Most people are interested not just because of the academic and interdisciplinary challenges, but because of their personal experience - we have consciousness, we experience it; perhaps we even think that we ``are'' it. But, if we are to make progress in studying consciousness, we will have to think about it very clearly, and engage in serious constructive dialogues between a variety of viewpoints. And that is the purpose of this journal.
The field of consciousness studies is at a very early stage, characterized by crude theories, most of which are unlikely to stand the test of time. We prefer a broad, diverse and open conceptualization - including political consciousness, and ecological consciousness (for example in the sense of Bateson's ``ecology of mind''), but we do not wish to define for our authors exactly what any of these terms mean. We seek to provoke a spirited debate by actively seeking serious opposing views, for example from cognitive science, biology and philosophy.
The Journal of Consciousness Studies covers this broad field by:
- Presenting serious peer-reviewed scientific and humanistic papers in non-technical language
- Including philosophical critiques of contemporary research
- Considering submissions from all disciplines and viewpoints
- Encouraging a robust and lively debate on the full range of issues involved
- A good mix of submitted papers and special issues
- Bill Faw, Minds Did Wander At Tucson-2010 (Vol.17, No.5-6)
- Richard Brown, Philosophers Facing Phenomenal Consciousness (Vol.17, No.3-4)
- Ed Subitzky, A Man Gives Himself the Turing Test . . . And Passes! (Vol.17, No.1-2)
- Claire Petitmengin, Ten Years of Viewing From Within (Vol.16, No.10-12)
- Book Reviews (Vol.16, No.9)
- Daniel D. Hutto, Folk Psychology as Narrative Practice (Editor's Introduction) (Vol.16, No.6-8)
- Chris Nunn, Defining Consciousness (Editor's Introduction) (Vol.16, No.5)
- Book Reviews (Vol.16, No.2-3)
- Rebecca Sutherland, Mind Games [review] (Vol.16, No.1)
- Donelson E. Dulany How Well Are We Moving Toward a Most Productive Science of Consciousness? (Vol.15, No.12)
- Charles Whitehead, ‘You Do an Empirical Experiment and You Get an Empirical Result. What Can Any Anthropologist Tell Me That Could Change That?’ (Vol.15, No.10-11)
- Uziel Awret, Las Meninas and the Search for Self-Representation (Vol.15, No.9)
- Robert Forman, A Watershed Event: Neuroscience, Consciousness and Spirituality Conference (Vol.15, No.8)
- Brian Earl, What Does the Evidence Tell Us about the Biological Value of Consciousness? (Vol.15, No.7)
- Jordan Zlatev, The Dialectics of Consciousness and Language (Vol.15, No.6)
- Ulrich Mohrhoff, Indian Psychology's Coming of Age (Vol.15, No.5)
- Ed Subitsky, The Experiment (Vol.15, No.4)
- Book Reviews (Vol.15, No.3)
- Book Reviews (Vol.15, No.2)
- Andy Ross, Honderich and McGinn (Vol.15, No.1)
- Jonathan Edelmann & William Bernet, Setting Criteria for Ideal Reincarnation Research (Vol.14, No.12)
- William I. Thompson, Natural Drift and the Evolution of Culture (Vol.14, No.11)
- Rocco J. Gennaro,Consciousness and Concepts: An Introductory Essay (Vol.14, No.9-10)
- Stuart Hameroff, The Good, the Bad and the Octopus Conference Report on ASSC 11, 2007 (Vol.14, No.8)
- Robert Clowes, Steve Torrance & Ron Chrisley, Machine Consciousness: Embodiment and Imagination (Vol.14, No.7)
- Heikki Ikäheimo & Arto Laitinen,Dimensions of Personhood (Vol.14, No.5-6)
- Book Reviews(Vol.14, No.4)
- Book Reviews (Vol.14, No.3)
- J. Scott Jordan & Dawn M. McBride,Concepts of Consciousness (Vol.14, No.1-2)
- Zoltan L. Torey, The Immaculate Misconception (Vol.13, No.12)
- Anthony Freeman, Editorial Preface (Vol.13, No.10-11)
- Ed Subitzky, The Voyage (Vol.13, No.9)
- Anthony Freeman, Editorial Preface (Vol.13, No.7-8)
- Claude Pasquini, ASSC10 (Vol.13, No.6)
- Mary Midgley, Editorial Introduction (Vol.13, No.5)
- Bill Faw, Are We Studying Consciousness Yet? Tucson 2006 (Vol.13, No.4)
- Anthony Freeman, A Daniel Come to Judgement? Dennett and the Revisioning of Transpersonal Theory (Vol.13, No.3)
- Michael Pauen, Alexander Staudacher and Sven Walter, Epiphenomenalism: Dead End or Way Out? (Vol.13, No.1-2)
- Ed Subitzky, Inkland (Vol.12, No.12)
- Helmut Reich, Methodological and Conceptual Issues: TSC 2005 (Vol.12, No.11)
- Giovanna Colombetti and Evan Thompson, Emotion Experience (Vol.12, No.8-10)
- Bill Faw, What We Know and What We Don’t About Consciousness Science (Vol.12, No.7)
- Anthony Freeman, The Sense of Being Glared At: What Is It Like to be a Heretic? (Vol.12, No.6)
- Chris Clarke, Being and Field Theory (Vol.12, No.4-5)
- John Barber, Consciousness and Teleportation (Vol.12, No.3)
- Charles Whitehead, Tucson: Ten Years On (Vol.11, No.12)
- Dan Zahavi, The Study of Consciousness and the Re-Invention of the Wheel (Vol. 11, No.10-11)
- Douglas F. Watt, Consciousness, Emotional Self-Regulation and the Brain (Vol. 11, No.9)
- Burton Voorhees, Embodied Mathematics (Vol. 11, No.9)
- Adam Zeman, ASSC8 (Vol. 11, No.9)
- Anthony I. Jack and Andreas Roepstorff, Trust or Interaction? (Vol. 11, No.7-8)
- Roberta Tucker, Introduction to Special Feature on Consciousness and Literature (Vol. 11, No.5-6)
- Erich Harth, Art and Reductionism (Vol.11, No.3-4)
- Benjamin Libet, Can Conscious Experience Affect Brain Activity? (Vol.10, No.12)
- Josh Weisberg, Being All That We Can Be (Vol.10, No.11)
- Anthony I. Jack and Andreas Roepstorff, Why Trust the Subject? (Vol. 10, No.9-10)
- VS Ramachandran and EM Hubbard, The Phenomenology of Synaesthesia (Vol. 10, No.8)
- James Alcock, Give the Null Hypothesis a Chance: Reasons to Remain Doubtful about the Existence of Psi (Vol.10, No.6-7)
- Owen Holland, Machine Consciousness (Vol.10, No.4-5)
- William Irwin Thompson, The Borg or Borges? (Vol.10, No.4-5)
- John Smythies, Space, Time and Consciousness (Vol.10, No.3)
- J. Andrew Ross, The Self: From Soul to Brain (Vol.10, No.2)
- Keith Sutherland, Straw Men and Diamond Dogs (Vol.10, No.2)
- John Searle, Why I Am Not a Property Dualist (Vol. 9, No.12)
- David Lorimer, The Need for a Noetic Revolution (Vol.9, No.12)
- Michel Ferrari, Introduction to Varieties of Religious Experience: Centenary Essays (Vol.9, No.9-10)
- Martin E. Marty, The Varieties of Contexts for Reappraising The Varieties (Vol.9, No.9-10)
- William Irwin Thompson, The Evolution of the Afterlife (Vol.9, No.8)
- Keith Sutherland, The Perils of Polymathy (Vol.9, No.8)
- Alva Noe, Is the Visual World a Grand Illusion? (Vol.9, No.5-6)
- Sam Salt, A Truly Hard Problem (Vol.9, No.1)
- Amy Ione, An Enquiry into Paul Cezanne (Vol.7, No.8/9)
- Keith Sutherland, Consciousness and Emotion (Vol.8, No.12)
- Anthony Freeman, Introduction to The Emergence of Consciousness (Vol.8, No.9-10)
- Evan Thompson, Obituary Note for Francisco J. Varela (Vol.8, No.8)
- Bill Faw, Whither Consciousness Studies? (Vol.8, No.8)
- Evan Thompson, Empathy and Consciousness (Vol. 8, No.5-7)
- Editorial: Another Front in the Science Wars? (Vol.8, No.1)
- V.S. Ramachandran, Sharpening Up ‘The Science of Art’ (Vol.8, No.1)
- Editorial: The future of consciousness studies
- Francisco Varela & Jonathan Shear, Introduction to The View From Within
- Galen Strawson, 'The self' (Volume 4, No. 5/6, keynote paper)
- Bernard J. Baars, In the theatre of consciousness (Volume 4, No.4, keynote paper)
- David J. Chalmers, Facing up to the problem of consciousness (Volume 2, No.3)
- Daniel C. Dennett, Facing backwards on the problem of consciousness (Volume 3, No.1)
- Andy Clark, I am John's Brain (Volume 2, No.2)
- Todd C. Moody, Conversations with zombies (Volume 1, No.2)
- Jaron Lanier, You can't argue with a zombie (Volume 2, No.4)
- Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose, Conscious events as orchestrated spacetime selections (Volume 3, No. 1)
- Bernard J. Baars, Understanding subjectivity: Global Workspace theory and the resurrection of the observing self (Volume 3, No.3)
- Arthur Deikman, "I" = awareness (Volume 3, No.4)
- Thomas Metzinger, Faster than thought: holism, homogeneity and temporal coding (from Conscious Experience)
- Robert Forman, What does mysticism have to teach us about consciousness (Volume 5, No.2)
- Ken Wilber, An integral theory of consciousness (Volume 4, No.1)
- Jaron Lanier, Death: the skeleton key to consciousness studies (Volume 4, No.2)
- Maxine Sheets-Johnson, Consciousness: a natural history (Volume 5, No.3), forthcoming
- Keith Sutherland, The Mirror of Consciousness (Volume 5, No.2)
- Anthony J. Rudd, What it's like and what's really wrong with physicalism: a Wittgensteinian approach (Volume 5, No. 4)
- Keith Sutherland, Tucson III: a personal view (Volume 5, No. 4)
- Michael Gazzaniga (in conversation with Shaun Gallagher), The Neuronal Platonist (Volume 5, No.5/6)
- Allin Cottrell, Sniffing the Camembert: on the conceivability of zombies (Volume 6, No.1)
- Leonard D. Katz, Introduction to Evolutionary Origins of Morality (Volume 7, No. 1/2)
- Jacob Reimer, Tucson 2000: A Whirlwind Tour (Volume 7, No. 6)
- T. Murinbata and C. Whitehead, Why Consciousness Conferences Are Not Really Getting Us Anywhere: A Stone-Age Anthropologist Explains (Volume 7, No. 6)
- Alwyn Scott, How Smart Is a Neuron? Review of Christof Koch’s Biophysics of Computation (Volume 7, No. 5)
- Johannes Roessler, Attention and the Self: An Appreciation of C.O. Evans’ The Subject of Consciousness (Volume 7, No. 5)
- William Irwin Thompson, Speculations on the City and the Evolution of Consciousness (Volume 7, No.7)
- Joseph A. Goguen, Editorial Introduction to Art and the Brain, Part II (Volume 7, No.8/9)
- Erik Myin, Two Sciences of Perception and Visual Art: Editorial Introduction to the Brussels Papers (Volume 7, No.8/9)
- Anthony Freeman, Responsibility Without Choice: A First-Person Approach (Volume 7, No.10)
- Keith Sutherland, Why Do We Want To Open the Black Box? (Volume 7, No.10)
- Jensine Andresen & Robert Forman, Methodological Pluralism in the Study of Religion (Volume 7, No.11/12)
- Benny Shanon, The Divine Within (Volume 8, No.2)
- Marc Bekoff, Social Play Behaviour: Cooperation, Fairness, Trust and the Evolution of Morality (Volume 8, No.2)
- Tim Bayne, Co-consciousness (Volume 8, No.3)
- Jack Petranker, Who Will Be the Scientists? (Volume 8, No.11)
Journal of Parapsychology
Archive of Scientific Articles
Alvarado, Carlos S. “Guest editorial: Thoughts on the Study of Spontaneous Cases – Editorial.” Originally published in The Journal of Parapsychology, June 2002. Available from FindArticles.com Alvarado, Carlos S. “Reflections on Being a Parapsychologist.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67, pp. 211-248 (2003). Available on the Web.
Bauer, Eberhard. “Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - - An Overview.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 5, pp. 141-166 (1984).
Bem, Daryl J... Does Psi Exist? The World & I, 215-219, August 2004.
Bem, Daryl. J. Ganzfeld phenomena. In G. Stein (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the paranormal (pp. 291-296). Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books (1996)
Braud, William G. “Lability and Inertia in Conformance Behavior.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 74, pp. 297-318 (1980).
Burns, Jean E. “What is Beyond the Edge of the Known World?” Journal of Consciousness Studies, vol. 10, No. 6-7, pp. 7-28 (2003). [Also published in Psi Wars: Getting to Grips with the Paranormal, edited by James Alcock, Jean Burns, and Anthony Freeman. Charlottesville, Va., and Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic, pp. 7-28 (2003).]
Carpenter, James C. Parapsychology and the Psychotherapy Session: Their Phenomenological Confluence, Journal of Parapsychology Vol. 52, 213+ (1988).
Carpenter, James C. First Sight: Part One, A Model of Psi and the Mind, Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 68, pp. 217-254 (2004).
Carpenter, James C. First Sight: Part Two, Elaboration of a Model of Psi and the Mind. Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 69, pp. 63-112 (2005).
Carpenter, James C. (2005). Implicit measures of participants’ experiences in the ganzfeld. Confirmation of previous relationships in a new sample. . Proceedings of Presented Papers: The Parapsychological Association 48th Annual Convention, 36-45.
Carpenter, James .C. (2002). The intrusion of anomalous communication in group and individual psychotherapy. Clinical observations and a research project. 4º Simposio da Fundação Bial: Behind and Beyond the Brain. Porto: Casa do Médico.
Child, Irvin L. “Psychology and Anomalous Observations: The Question of ESP in Dreams.” American Psychologist, vol. 40, pp. 1219-1230 (1985).
Dalkvist, Jan. “The Ganzfeld Method: Its Current Status.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 19-22 (2001).
De Graaf, Theo K., and Joop M. Houtkooper. “Anticipatory awareness of emotionally charged targets by individuals with histories of emotional trauma.” Originally published in The Journal of Parapsychology, Spring 2004. Available from FindArticles.com
Delanoy, Deborah L. “Anomalous Psychophysiological Responses to Remote Cognition: The DMILS Studies.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 30-41 (2001).
Delanoy, Deborah "Experimental Evidence Suggestive of Anomalous Consciousness Interactions", 2nd Gauss Symposium, Munich, August 1993. Drewes, Athena A. “Dr. Louisa Rhine’s letters revisited: The children.” Journal of Parapsychology , Dec 2002. Available from FindArticles.com
Dunne, Brenda J. and Robert G. Jahn. “Information and Uncertainty in Remote Perception Research.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 207-241 (2003).
Edge, Hoyt, Luh Ketut Suryani, Niko Tiliopoulos, and Robert Morris. “Two cognitive DMILS studies in Bali.” Journal of Parapsychology (Fall 2004). Available from FindArticles.com
Fontana, David. “Survival Research: Opposition and Future Developments.” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, vol. 68, pp. 193-209 (2004).
Greyson, Bruce. “A Typology of Near-Death Experiences.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 142, pp. 967-969 (1985).
Greyson, Bruce. “Can Science Explain the Near-Death Experience?” Journal of Near-Death Studies, vol. 8, pp. 77-92 (1989).
Gruber, Elmar R. “PK Effects on Pre-Recorded Group Behavior of Living Systems.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 3, pp. 167-175 (1980).
Hardy, Christine. “Tackling the Mind-Matter Problem from a Consciousness Perspective.” In: Parapsychology in the Twenty-First Century: Essays on the Future of Psychical Research. Michael A. Thalbourne and Lance Storm, editors. Foreword by Brian D. Josephson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Company, pp. 230-241, (2005)
Honorton, Charles. “Rhetoric over Substance: The Impoverished State of Skepticism.” In K. Ramakrishna Rao, editor. Charles Honorton and the Impoverished State of Skepticism. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1994, pp. 191-214. (Originally published in Scienza & Paranormale, vol. 1, no. 3, June 1993)
Jahn, Robert G. and Brenda J. Dunne, The Pertinence of PEAR in the Pursuit of Global Health, Special issue of EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, Vol. 3, No. 3, 191-345 (2007).
Kennedy, J. E. “The Capricious, Actively Evasive, Unsustainable Nature of Psi: A Summary and Hypothesis.” The Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67, pp. 53-74 (2003).
Krippner, Stanley Anomalous Experiences and Dreams in Deirdre Barrett and Patrick McNamara, The New Science of Dreaming, (2007)
Krippner, Stanley Geomagnetic Field Effects in Anomalous Dreams and the Akashic Field, World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution , vol. 62, Nos. 1-2, January-March 2006 , pp. 103-113(11)
May, Edwin C. “Towards the Physics of Psi: Correlations with Physical Variables.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 42-52 (2001).
Nelson, Roger D. “Gathering of Global Mind.” No date.
Palmer, John. “Progressive Skepticism: A Critical Approach to the Psi Controversy.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 50, pp. 31-44 (1986).
Palmer, John. “ESP in the Ganzfeld: Analysis of a Debate.” Journal of Consciousness Studies, vol. 10 (no. 6-7), pp. 51-68 (2003).
Palmer, John, and Neppe, Vernon. “ A Controlled Analysis of Subjective Paranormal Experiences in Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in a Neuropsychiatric Population.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67 , pp. 75-97 (2003) .
Parker, Adrian, and Göran Brusewitz. “A Compendium of the Evidence for Psi.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 18, pp. 29-48 (2003).
Persinger, M. A., and G. B. Schaut. “Geomagnetic Factors in Spontaneous Telepathic, Precognitive, and Postmortem Experiences.” In Debra H. Weiner and Roger D. Nelson, editors, Research in Parapsychology, 1986. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1987, pp. 88-90.
Radin, Dean. “Unconscious Perception of Future Emotions: An Experiment in Presentiment.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 11, pp. 163-180 (1997). [1997b]
Radin, Dean “ Event-Related Electroencephalographic Correlations Between Isolated Human Subjects.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , vol. 10, no. 2 , pp. 315-323 (2004).
Radin, Dean and Roger Nelson. “Meta-analysis of Mind-Matter Interaction Experiments: 1959-2000.” (Paper cited there as “2000.”)
Rauscher, Elizabeth A., and Russell Targ. “The Speed of Thought: Investigation of a Complex Space-Time Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 15, pp. 331-354 (2001).
Roll, William G. “Poltergeists, Electromagnetism and Consciousness.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 75-86 (2003).
Schlitz, Marilyn J., and Charles Honorton. “Ganzfeld psi performance within an artistically gifted population.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 86, pp. 83-98 (1992).
Schmeidler, G. R. “Psi-Conducive experimenters and psi-permissive ones.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 13, pp. 83-94 (1997)
Schmidt, Helmut. “Comparison of PK Action on Two Different Random Number Generators.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 38, pp. 47-55 (1974).
Sheldrake, Rupert, and Aimée Morgana. “Testing a Language-Using Parrot for Telepathy.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, pp. 601-615 (2003).
Sheldrake, R. and P. Smart. “A dog that seems to know when his owner is coming home: videotaped experiments and observations”. Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 233-255 (2000).
Stanford, Rex G. “Toward Reinterpreting Psi Events.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 72, pp. 197-214 (1978).
Stanford, Rex G., Robert Zenhausern, Adelle Taylor, and Mary Ann Dwyer. “Psychokinesis as Psi-Mediated Instrumental Response.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 69, pp. 127-133 (1975).
Stevens, Paul. “The effect of weak magnetic fields on a random event generator: reconsidering the role of geomagnetic fluctuations in micro PK studies.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 20, pp. 135-149 (2005).
Stevenson, Ian. “Thoughts on the Decline of Major Paranormal Phenomena.” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, vol. 57, pp. 149-162 (1990).
Targ, Russell, and Jane E. Katra. “Remote Viewing in a Group Setting.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 14, pp. 107-114 (2000).
Targ, Elisabeth, Marilyn Schlitz, and Harvey J. Irwin. “Psi-Related Experiences.” In Cardeña, Etzel, Steven Jay Lynn, and Stanley Krippner, editors. Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 2000, pp. 219-252.
Tart, Charles T. “Acknowledging and Dealing with the Fear of Psi.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 78, pp. 133-143 (1984).
Tart, Charles T. A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay , Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 55, No. 814, pp. 263-270. 1989.
Tart, Charles T. “Science versus Opinion on the Paranormal.” Available from: . (First published 1997, Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online.)
Truzzi, Marcello. “On Pseudo-Skepticism.” Originally published in the Zetetic Scholar (1987). Available on the web.
Utts, Jessica et al Replication and Meta-Analysis in Parapsychology , Statistical Science Vol. 6, No. 4, 363-403, 1991
Utts, Jessica & Brian D. Josephson, The Paranormal: The Evidence and Its Implications for Consciousness , 1996
Van de Castle, Robert L. “Anthropology and Psychic Research.” In John White, editor. Psychic Exploration: A Challenge for Science (Introduction by Edgar D. Mitchell). New York: Perigee Books/G. P. Putnam’s Sons, pp. 269-287 (1974).
Walker, Evan Harris. “Application of the Quantum Theory of Consciousness to the Problem of Psi Phenomena.” In W. G. Roll, R. L. Morris, and J. D. Morris, editors. Research in Parapsychology, 1972. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow Press, pp. 51-53 (1973).
White, Rhea A. A Comparison of Old and New Methods of Response to Targets in ESP Experiments Statistical Science , Vol. 6, No. 4, 363-403 (1991)
White, Rhea A. The Limits of Experimenter Influence on Psi Test Results: Can Any Be Set? JASPR, Vol. 70: No. 4 (1976)
White, Rhea A. The Influence of Persons Other Than the Experimenter on the Subject’s Scores in Psi Experiments JASPR, Vol. 70: No. 2 (1976)
Wiseman, R., and C. Watt. “Experimenter differences in cognitive correlates of paranormal belief and psi.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 66, pp. 371-385 (2002).
Wiseman, Richard, and Marilyn Schlitz. “Experimenter effects and the remote detection of staring.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 61, pp. 197-208 (1997).
Alvarado, Carlos S. “Guest editorial: Thoughts on the Study of Spontaneous Cases – Editorial.” Originally published in The Journal of Parapsychology, June 2002. Available from FindArticles.com Alvarado, Carlos S. “Reflections on Being a Parapsychologist.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67, pp. 211-248 (2003). Available on the Web.
Bauer, Eberhard. “Criticism and Controversy in Parapsychology - - An Overview.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 5, pp. 141-166 (1984).
Bem, Daryl J... Does Psi Exist? The World & I, 215-219, August 2004.
Bem, Daryl. J. Ganzfeld phenomena. In G. Stein (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the paranormal (pp. 291-296). Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books (1996)
Braud, William G. “Lability and Inertia in Conformance Behavior.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 74, pp. 297-318 (1980).
Burns, Jean E. “What is Beyond the Edge of the Known World?” Journal of Consciousness Studies, vol. 10, No. 6-7, pp. 7-28 (2003). [Also published in Psi Wars: Getting to Grips with the Paranormal, edited by James Alcock, Jean Burns, and Anthony Freeman. Charlottesville, Va., and Exeter, UK: Imprint Academic, pp. 7-28 (2003).]
Carpenter, James C. Parapsychology and the Psychotherapy Session: Their Phenomenological Confluence, Journal of Parapsychology Vol. 52, 213+ (1988).
Carpenter, James C. First Sight: Part One, A Model of Psi and the Mind, Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 68, pp. 217-254 (2004).
Carpenter, James C. First Sight: Part Two, Elaboration of a Model of Psi and the Mind. Journal of Parapsychology, Vol. 69, pp. 63-112 (2005).
Carpenter, James C. (2005). Implicit measures of participants’ experiences in the ganzfeld. Confirmation of previous relationships in a new sample. . Proceedings of Presented Papers: The Parapsychological Association 48th Annual Convention, 36-45.
Carpenter, James .C. (2002). The intrusion of anomalous communication in group and individual psychotherapy. Clinical observations and a research project. 4º Simposio da Fundação Bial: Behind and Beyond the Brain. Porto: Casa do Médico.
Child, Irvin L. “Psychology and Anomalous Observations: The Question of ESP in Dreams.” American Psychologist, vol. 40, pp. 1219-1230 (1985).
Dalkvist, Jan. “The Ganzfeld Method: Its Current Status.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 19-22 (2001).
De Graaf, Theo K., and Joop M. Houtkooper. “Anticipatory awareness of emotionally charged targets by individuals with histories of emotional trauma.” Originally published in The Journal of Parapsychology, Spring 2004. Available from FindArticles.com
Delanoy, Deborah L. “Anomalous Psychophysiological Responses to Remote Cognition: The DMILS Studies.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 30-41 (2001).
Delanoy, Deborah "Experimental Evidence Suggestive of Anomalous Consciousness Interactions", 2nd Gauss Symposium, Munich, August 1993. Drewes, Athena A. “Dr. Louisa Rhine’s letters revisited: The children.” Journal of Parapsychology , Dec 2002. Available from FindArticles.com
Dunne, Brenda J. and Robert G. Jahn. “Information and Uncertainty in Remote Perception Research.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 207-241 (2003).
Edge, Hoyt, Luh Ketut Suryani, Niko Tiliopoulos, and Robert Morris. “Two cognitive DMILS studies in Bali.” Journal of Parapsychology (Fall 2004). Available from FindArticles.com
Fontana, David. “Survival Research: Opposition and Future Developments.” Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, vol. 68, pp. 193-209 (2004).
Greyson, Bruce. “A Typology of Near-Death Experiences.” American Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 142, pp. 967-969 (1985).
Greyson, Bruce. “Can Science Explain the Near-Death Experience?” Journal of Near-Death Studies, vol. 8, pp. 77-92 (1989).
Gruber, Elmar R. “PK Effects on Pre-Recorded Group Behavior of Living Systems.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 3, pp. 167-175 (1980).
Hardy, Christine. “Tackling the Mind-Matter Problem from a Consciousness Perspective.” In: Parapsychology in the Twenty-First Century: Essays on the Future of Psychical Research. Michael A. Thalbourne and Lance Storm, editors. Foreword by Brian D. Josephson. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland and Company, pp. 230-241, (2005)
Honorton, Charles. “Rhetoric over Substance: The Impoverished State of Skepticism.” In K. Ramakrishna Rao, editor. Charles Honorton and the Impoverished State of Skepticism. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1994, pp. 191-214. (Originally published in Scienza & Paranormale, vol. 1, no. 3, June 1993)
Jahn, Robert G. and Brenda J. Dunne, The Pertinence of PEAR in the Pursuit of Global Health, Special issue of EXPLORE: The Journal of Science and Healing, Vol. 3, No. 3, 191-345 (2007).
Kennedy, J. E. “The Capricious, Actively Evasive, Unsustainable Nature of Psi: A Summary and Hypothesis.” The Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67, pp. 53-74 (2003).
Krippner, Stanley Anomalous Experiences and Dreams in Deirdre Barrett and Patrick McNamara, The New Science of Dreaming, (2007)
Krippner, Stanley Geomagnetic Field Effects in Anomalous Dreams and the Akashic Field, World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution , vol. 62, Nos. 1-2, January-March 2006 , pp. 103-113(11)
May, Edwin C. “Towards the Physics of Psi: Correlations with Physical Variables.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 16, pp. 42-52 (2001).
Nelson, Roger D. “Gathering of Global Mind.” No date.
Palmer, John. “Progressive Skepticism: A Critical Approach to the Psi Controversy.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 50, pp. 31-44 (1986).
Palmer, John. “ESP in the Ganzfeld: Analysis of a Debate.” Journal of Consciousness Studies, vol. 10 (no. 6-7), pp. 51-68 (2003).
Palmer, John, and Neppe, Vernon. “ A Controlled Analysis of Subjective Paranormal Experiences in Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in a Neuropsychiatric Population.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 67 , pp. 75-97 (2003) .
Parker, Adrian, and Göran Brusewitz. “A Compendium of the Evidence for Psi.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 18, pp. 29-48 (2003).
Persinger, M. A., and G. B. Schaut. “Geomagnetic Factors in Spontaneous Telepathic, Precognitive, and Postmortem Experiences.” In Debra H. Weiner and Roger D. Nelson, editors, Research in Parapsychology, 1986. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1987, pp. 88-90.
Radin, Dean. “Unconscious Perception of Future Emotions: An Experiment in Presentiment.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 11, pp. 163-180 (1997). [1997b]
Radin, Dean “ Event-Related Electroencephalographic Correlations Between Isolated Human Subjects.” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , vol. 10, no. 2 , pp. 315-323 (2004).
Radin, Dean and Roger Nelson. “Meta-analysis of Mind-Matter Interaction Experiments: 1959-2000.” (Paper cited there as “2000.”)
Rauscher, Elizabeth A., and Russell Targ. “The Speed of Thought: Investigation of a Complex Space-Time Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 15, pp. 331-354 (2001).
Roll, William G. “Poltergeists, Electromagnetism and Consciousness.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 75-86 (2003).
Schlitz, Marilyn J., and Charles Honorton. “Ganzfeld psi performance within an artistically gifted population.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 86, pp. 83-98 (1992).
Schmeidler, G. R. “Psi-Conducive experimenters and psi-permissive ones.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 13, pp. 83-94 (1997)
Schmidt, Helmut. “Comparison of PK Action on Two Different Random Number Generators.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 38, pp. 47-55 (1974).
Sheldrake, Rupert, and Aimée Morgana. “Testing a Language-Using Parrot for Telepathy.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 17, pp. 601-615 (2003).
Sheldrake, R. and P. Smart. “A dog that seems to know when his owner is coming home: videotaped experiments and observations”. Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 233-255 (2000).
Stanford, Rex G. “Toward Reinterpreting Psi Events.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 72, pp. 197-214 (1978).
Stanford, Rex G., Robert Zenhausern, Adelle Taylor, and Mary Ann Dwyer. “Psychokinesis as Psi-Mediated Instrumental Response.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 69, pp. 127-133 (1975).
Stevens, Paul. “The effect of weak magnetic fields on a random event generator: reconsidering the role of geomagnetic fluctuations in micro PK studies.” European Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 20, pp. 135-149 (2005).
Stevenson, Ian. “Thoughts on the Decline of Major Paranormal Phenomena.” Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, vol. 57, pp. 149-162 (1990).
Targ, Russell, and Jane E. Katra. “Remote Viewing in a Group Setting.” Journal of Scientific Exploration, vol. 14, pp. 107-114 (2000).
Targ, Elisabeth, Marilyn Schlitz, and Harvey J. Irwin. “Psi-Related Experiences.” In Cardeña, Etzel, Steven Jay Lynn, and Stanley Krippner, editors. Varieties of Anomalous Experience: Examining the Scientific Evidence. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association, 2000, pp. 219-252.
Tart, Charles T. “Acknowledging and Dealing with the Fear of Psi.” Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, vol. 78, pp. 133-143 (1984).
Tart, Charles T. A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay , Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, Vol. 55, No. 814, pp. 263-270. 1989.
Tart, Charles T. “Science versus Opinion on the Paranormal.” Available from: . (First published 1997, Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online.)
Truzzi, Marcello. “On Pseudo-Skepticism.” Originally published in the Zetetic Scholar (1987). Available on the web.
Utts, Jessica et al Replication and Meta-Analysis in Parapsychology , Statistical Science Vol. 6, No. 4, 363-403, 1991
Utts, Jessica & Brian D. Josephson, The Paranormal: The Evidence and Its Implications for Consciousness , 1996
Van de Castle, Robert L. “Anthropology and Psychic Research.” In John White, editor. Psychic Exploration: A Challenge for Science (Introduction by Edgar D. Mitchell). New York: Perigee Books/G. P. Putnam’s Sons, pp. 269-287 (1974).
Walker, Evan Harris. “Application of the Quantum Theory of Consciousness to the Problem of Psi Phenomena.” In W. G. Roll, R. L. Morris, and J. D. Morris, editors. Research in Parapsychology, 1972. Metuchen, N. J.: Scarecrow Press, pp. 51-53 (1973).
White, Rhea A. A Comparison of Old and New Methods of Response to Targets in ESP Experiments Statistical Science , Vol. 6, No. 4, 363-403 (1991)
White, Rhea A. The Limits of Experimenter Influence on Psi Test Results: Can Any Be Set? JASPR, Vol. 70: No. 4 (1976)
White, Rhea A. The Influence of Persons Other Than the Experimenter on the Subject’s Scores in Psi Experiments JASPR, Vol. 70: No. 2 (1976)
Wiseman, R., and C. Watt. “Experimenter differences in cognitive correlates of paranormal belief and psi.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 66, pp. 371-385 (2002).
Wiseman, Richard, and Marilyn Schlitz. “Experimenter effects and the remote detection of staring.” Journal of Parapsychology, vol. 61, pp. 197-208 (1997).
Remote Viewing
Articles: Remote Viewing & Psychic Functioning
The articles below address the CIA- sponsored report by the American Institutes of Research (AIR) of its evaluation of the U.S. government's twenty-four year long remote viewing program.
- A Perceptual Channel for Information Transfer over Kilometer Distances: Historical Perspective and Recent Research [pdf]
~ H. E. Puthoff and R. Targ, Proc. IEEE 64, 329 (1976). - CIA-Initiated Remote Viewing At Stanford Research Institute
~ H.E. Puthoff, Ph.D. - Remote Viewing at Stanford Research Institute in the 1970s: A Memoir
~ Russell Targ - Remote Viewing in a Group Setting
~ Russell Targ & Jane Katra - What We Know About Remote Viewing
~ Russell Targ & Jane Katra - ESPD Blue [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz - An Anomalous Cognition Protocol Employing Fuzzy-Set Theory To Accelerate Breakthroughs In Disease Process Research [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz, S. James P. Spottiswoode, Edwin C. May, Ph.D., and Jessica Utts, Ph.D. - Therapeutic Intent and the Art of Observation [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz - NIH and the Harkin Directive: Subtle Energies and Social Policy [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz - Parapsychology in Intelligence: A Personal Review & Conclusions
~ Dr. Kenneth A. Kress - Unconventional Human Intelligence Support:
Transcendent and Asymmetric Warfare Implications of Remote Viewing [pdf]
~ Commander L. R. Bremseth, United States Navy 28 April 2001 - Parapsychology FAQ
~ Dean Radin - Acknowledging and Dealing With the Fear of Psi
~ Charles T. Tart - Psychics' Fears of Psychic Powers
~ Charles T. Tart - A Field Guide to Skepticism
~ Dean Radin - The Skeptical Invaders
~ Guy Lyon Playfair - The DIA CRV Manual [1986]
- Coordinate Remote Viewing: Stages I - VI And Beyond [February, 1985] [pdf]
- CIA Star Gate Archive: The Truth is Out There -- Finally!
~ Paul H. Smith - Precognition, Presentiment & Remote Viewing
~ Dean Radin - The Paranormal: The Evidence And Its Implications For Consciousness
~ Jessica Utts and Brian D. Josephson - Overview of Current Parapsychology Research in the Former Soviet Union [pdf]
~ Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Larissa Vilenskaya - Anomalous Mental Phenomena Research in Russia and the Former Soviet Union: A Follow Up [pdf]
~ Edwin C. May, Ph.D. and Larissa Vilenskaya - They Think They Know [pdf]
~ Paul H. Smith - TINKER, TAILOR, SOLDIER, PSI
~ Jim Schnabel
- Preliminary Analysis of a Suite of Informal Web-Based Psi Experiments [pdf]
~ Dean I. Radin, Ph.D. - Boundary Institute - Time-reversed human experience: Experimental evidence and implications [pdf]
~ Dean Radin - The Speed of Thought: Investigation of a Complex Space-Time Metric to Describe Psychic Phenomena [pdf]
~ Elizabeth A. Rauscher and Russell Targ - PEAR - Research Activities in Remote Perception
- Information and Uncertainty in Remote Perception Research [pdf]
~ Brenda J. Dunne and Robert G. Jahn - The Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Laboratory (PEAR)
& Precognitive Remote Perception Studies
~ Angela Thompson-Smith - The Psychophysical Research Laboratory (PRL) & Psi Ganzfeld Studies
~ Angela Thompson-Smith - A Possible Relationship Between the Ability of Couples to Establish EEG Phase Coherence and their Ability to do Remote Viewing Successfully
~ Data from a study by Jean Millay - The Caravel Project: The Location, Description, and Reconstruction of Marine Sites Through Remote Viewing, Including Comparison With Aerial Photography, Geologic Coring, and Electronic Remote Sensing [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz, Randall J. De Mattei, and Roger Smith - The Discovery of An American Brig: Fieldwork Involving Applied Remote Viewing Including a Comparison With Electronic Remote Sensing [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz and Randall J. De Mattei - Preliminary Survey of the Eastern Harbor, Alexandria Egypt, Including a Comparison of Side Scan Sonar and Remote Viewing [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz - The Location and Reconstruction of a Bysantine Structure in Marea, Egypt - Including a Comparison of Electronic Remote Sensing and Remote Viewing [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz - Infrared Spectra Alteration in Water Proximate to the Palms of Therapeutic Practitioners [pdf]
~ Stephan A. Schwartz, Randall J. DeMattei, Edward G. Brame, Jr.,S. James P. Spottiswoode
The articles below address the CIA- sponsored report by the American Institutes of Research (AIR) of its evaluation of the U.S. government's twenty-four year long remote viewing program.
- Report for AIR on Remote Viewing
~ Jessica Utts - Report for AIR on Remote Viewing
~ Ray Hyman - Dr. Utt's Response to Dr. Hyman
~ Jessica Utts - Commentary on the AIR Remote Viewing Report
~ Edwin May - Bologna on Wry Bread
~ Paul H. Smith - A Second Helping
~ Paul H. Smith - Scraps and Crumbs
~ Paul H. Smith - Addendum and Corrections
~ Paul H. Smith
- Discover Magaine's 25 Greatest Science Books - Nobel laureate Kary B. Mullis ponders on the firmament of science books: "Books like Radin's [Entangled Mind] doggedly pursue scientific evidence for ideas that have been widely, but unreasonably, discredited for decades, or even centuries."
~ Discover Magazine, 2006 Nov 17 - Reading the Enemy's Mind: Inside Star Gate -- America's Psychic Espionage Program, is chosen as the Reader's Digest's Book Bonus/Editor's Choice
~ Reader's Digest, March 2006. - "How the ASD's Chesapeake Chapter Helped Win the Cold War" in the Winter 2006 issue of The American Dowser
- Enemies in the mind's eye
~ US News & World Report, 2003 Jan 27 - Is it global consciousness or mere coincidence?
~ Bill Bishop, Austin American-Statesman, 2001 Oct 3 - An E.S.P. Gap, Exploring Psychic Weapons
~ Time magazine, 1984 Jan 23
- The Conscious Universe
~ Dean Radin, Ph.D. - Do You See What I See: Memoirs of a Blind Biker [pdf]
~ Russell Targ - Mind-Reach
~ Russell Targ & Harold E. Puthoff - The Seventh Sense: The Secrets of Remote Viewing as Told by a "Psychic Spy" for the U.S. Military [pdf]
~ Lyn Buchanan
- Reading The Enemy's Mind: Inside Star Gate -- America's Psychic Espionage Program
~ Paul H. Smith; Reviewed by Jim Schnabel - Mind Reach: Scientists Look at Psychic Abilities
~ Russell Targ and Harold E. Puthoff; Reviewed by Paul H. Smith - Mind At Large
~ Harold Puthoff & Russell Targ; Reviewed by Christine Simmonds - Limitless Mind
~ Russell Targ; Reviewed by William P. Eigles - The Stargate Chronicles
~ Joseph McMoneagle; Reviewed by Paul H. Smith - Remote Viewing Secrets: A Handbook
~ Joseph McMoneagle; Reviewed by Skye Turell - The Seventh Sense
~ Lyn Buchanan; Reviewed by Dale E. Graff - A Response to Questions about The Seventh Sense
~ Lyn Buchanan - Captain Of My Ship, Master Of My Soul: Living with Guidance
~ F. Holmes Atwater; Reviewed by Shelia Massey - Unseen Forces
~ Ed Kovacs; Reviewed by Skye Turell
Charles Tart
Articles Online
Science Papers by Charles T. Tart
In alphabetical order by title.
A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1989.
A Future for Dualism as an Empirical Science? [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Conference presentation, "Toward A Science of Consciousness" 7th meeting, Univeristy of Arizona, Tucson, April 5, 2006., 2006.
Acknowledging and Dealing With the Fear of Psi
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1984.
Adapting Eastern Spiritual Teachings to our Western Culture: A discussion with Shinzen Young
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1990.
Altered States Are Not Inherently Pathological
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1996.
Altered States of Cconsciousness and Self-Experience
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies Online, 1999.
Altered States of Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1999.
Altered States of Consciousness: ITP Course Syllabus [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2000.
Approaches To The Study Of Hypnotic Dreams
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1969.
Are We Interested In Making
ESP Function Strongly And Reliably?
A response to J.E. Kennedy
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1980.
Attachment
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Bridge Mountain Community: An Evolving Pattern For Human Growth
Author: Charles T. Tart, James L. Creighton
Pub: Originally published in 1966 in the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 6, 53-67. Reprinted by permission of the Journal, 1966.
Buddysattva Promise
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 1998.
Card Guessing Tests:
Learning Paradigm or Extinction Paradigm?
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1966.
Careers in Consciousness Research,
Parapsychology and/or Transpersonal Psychology
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1997.
Causality and Synchronicity:
Steps Toward Clarification
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1981.
Compassion, Science and Consciousness Survival
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Institute for Noetic Sciences, 1994.
Concerning The Scientific Study Of The Human Aura
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1972.
Consciousness: A Psychological, Transpersonal
and Parapsychological Approach
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Presented at the Third International Symposium on Science and Consciousness in Ancient Olympia, 1993.
Cosmic Consciousness Experience and Psychedelic Experiences: A First Person Comparison
Author: Allan L. Smith, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1998.
Credit for Coining Terms [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Near-Death Studies, 2004.
Effects of Electrical Shielding on GESP Performance [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Published in the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, April 1988, volume 82, pp. 129-146., 1988.
Effects of electrical shielding on GESP performance
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1988.
Emergent Interactionist Understanding
of Human Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Brain/Mind and Parapsychology: Proceedings of an International Conference held in Montreal, Canada August 24-25, 1978 under the auspices of the Parapsychology Foundation, New York, NY., 1978.
Enlightenment and Spiritual Growth: Reflections from the Bottom Up [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine, 2003.
Experimenter Bias in Hypnotist Performance
Author: Suzanne A. Troffer, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Science Magazine, 1964.
Fears of the Paranormal in Ourselves
and Our Colleagues: Recognizing Them,
Dealing with Them
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Subtle Energies, 1995.
Further Psychophysiological Study of Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Gifted Subject, Robert A. Monroe
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association, 1969.
Future Psychology as a Science of Mind and Spirit: Reflections on Receiving the Abraham Maslow Award [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: THE HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIST, 2005.
Game of Games: Transcending Our
Tribalism as a Step Toward World Peace
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Open Mind; Open Mind, Discriminating Mind: Reflections on Human Possibilities, 1989.
Geomagnetic effects on GESP: Two studies [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1988.
Grounding Your Headaches [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Bridges, Newsletter of the International Society for the Study of Energy and Energy Medicine, 2010.
Harmony, Self-Defense, and Subtle Energies: Aikido and the Concept of Ki
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Open Mind, 1986.
Help with Strange Experiences
Author: Judy Tart, Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 2000.
Helping to create transpersonal psychology: Thirty-five-plus years of dynamic interplay between more and less, expansion and fooling ourselves. [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Transpersonal Psychology Review, 4, No. 4, 6-25, 2000.
Human Aura: More Complex Than We Think
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies Online, 2001.
Hypnotic Suggestion as a Technique for the Control of Dreaming
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Paper, 1964.
Improving Psychokinesis Performance: Theoretical and Methodological Notes
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: European Journal of Parapsychology, 1983.
In Memory of My Friend Bob Monroe 1995
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1995.
Influence Of The Experimental Situation In Hypnosis And Dream Research: A Case Report1
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1964.
Information Acquisition Rates
in Forced-Choice ESP
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1983.
Initial Application of Mindfulness
Extension Exercises in a Traditional
Buddhist Meditation Retreat Setting
Author: James Baraz, Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1995.
Investigating Altered States of
Consciousness on Their Own Terms:
A Proposal for the Creation of State-Specific Sciences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1998.
Marijuana Intoxication, Psi
and Spiritual Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1993.
Marijuana Intoxication: Common Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Nature, 1970.
Mathematical Inference Strategies versus Psi:
Initial Explorations with the Probabilistic
Predictor Program
Author: Charles T. Tart, Eugene Dronek
Pub: European Journal of Parapsychology, 1982.
Meditation: Some Kind of (Self-)Hypnosis? A Deeper Look [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Speech, 2001.
Mind Embodied! Computer-Generated Virtual
Reality as a New, Dualistic-Interactive Model
for Transpersonal Psychology
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Based on a speech given at the L.E. Rhine Centenary Conference on Cultivating Consciousness for Enhancing Human Potential, Wellness and Healing, Durham, North Carolina, November 9, 1991., 1991.
Mindfulness, Spiritual Seeking and Psychotherapy
Author: Charles T. Tart, Arthur J. Deikman
Pub: Mindfulness, spiritual seeking and psychotherapy. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 23, 29-52, 1991 (Tart, C. & Deikman, A.), 1991.
Mindfulness: A Course on Mindfulness I Teach at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2002.
Multiple Personality, Altered States and
Virtual Reality: The World Simulation Process Approach
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Dissociation, 1990.
Olympia Declaration
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Third International Symposium for Science and Consciousness, 1993.
On the Scientific Study of Other Worlds
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1987.
Parapsychology & Transpersonal Psychology: "Anomalies" to be Explained Away or Spirit to Manifest? [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Parapsychology, 2001.
Parapsychology: Brief bibliography.
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Parapsychology: Syllabus for a basic survey course at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2001.
Physiological Correlates of Psi Cognition
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Parapsychology, 1963.
Physiological Correlates of Psi Reception: Some Methodological Considerations
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Research in Parapsychology, 1982.
Psi Functioning and Altered States
of Consciousness: A Perspective
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Psi and States of Awareness, 1978.
Psychics' Fears of Psychic Powers
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1986.
Psychologist's Experience with Transcendental Meditation
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1972.
Psychophysiological Study of
Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Selected Subject
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1968.
Pure Clairvoyance and the Necessity of Feedback
Author: Russell Targ, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1985.
Reflections on Enlightenment and Spiritual Growth: A Work in Progress to Elicit Feedback [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: "Toward A Science of Consciousness" conference, Tucson AZ 2004, 2004.
Reflections on On-Line Teaching: My First Course
Author: Charles T. Tart
1995.
Review of "Five Classic
Meditations" by Shinzen Young
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Noetic Sciences Review, 1990.
Review of "The Tibetan Book of Living and
Dying" by Sogyal Rinpoche 1992
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Noetic Sciences Review, 1992.
Science and the Sources of Value
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Phoenix: New Directions in the Study of Man, 1979.
Science versus Opinion on the Paranormal
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Second Psychophysiological Study of
Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Selected Subject
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Parapsychology, 1967.
Sex, Drugs and Altered States of Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Unpublished, 1978.
Six Studies of Out-of-the-Body Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Near Death Studies, 1997.
Some Methodological Problems in OOBE Research
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1973.
Space, Time, and Mind
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1978.
Spam Exlusion List for my Email
Author: Charles T. Tart
2002.
Spiritual Motivations of Parapsychologists? Empirical Data [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Parapsychology, 2003.
State of the Art in
Transpersonal Psychology, 1996
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Presented as part of a panel discussion at the annual meeting of the Association for Transpersonal Psychology, Asilomar, 1996.
States of Consciousness and State-Specific Sciences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Science, 1972.
Toward Conscious Control of Psi
Through Immediate Feedback Training:
Some Considerations of Internal Processes
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1977.
Transpersonal Potentialities Of Deep Hypnosis
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1970.
Transpersonal Psychology: Definition of
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological
Illusions: Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Meeting of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Canada, 1978.
Waking from sleep at a preselected time [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychosomatic Dentistry & Medicine, 1970.
Waking Up: Selections from the Book
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Institute of Noetic Sciences, 1986.
Science Papers by Charles T. Tart
In alphabetical order by title.
A Case of Predictive Psi, with Comments on Analytical, Associative and Theoretical Overlay
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1989.
A Future for Dualism as an Empirical Science? [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Conference presentation, "Toward A Science of Consciousness" 7th meeting, Univeristy of Arizona, Tucson, April 5, 2006., 2006.
Acknowledging and Dealing With the Fear of Psi
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1984.
Adapting Eastern Spiritual Teachings to our Western Culture: A discussion with Shinzen Young
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1990.
Altered States Are Not Inherently Pathological
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1996.
Altered States of Cconsciousness and Self-Experience
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies Online, 1999.
Altered States of Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1999.
Altered States of Consciousness: ITP Course Syllabus [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2000.
Approaches To The Study Of Hypnotic Dreams
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1969.
Are We Interested In Making
ESP Function Strongly And Reliably?
A response to J.E. Kennedy
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1980.
Attachment
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Bridge Mountain Community: An Evolving Pattern For Human Growth
Author: Charles T. Tart, James L. Creighton
Pub: Originally published in 1966 in the Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 6, 53-67. Reprinted by permission of the Journal, 1966.
Buddysattva Promise
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 1998.
Card Guessing Tests:
Learning Paradigm or Extinction Paradigm?
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1966.
Careers in Consciousness Research,
Parapsychology and/or Transpersonal Psychology
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1997.
Causality and Synchronicity:
Steps Toward Clarification
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1981.
Compassion, Science and Consciousness Survival
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Institute for Noetic Sciences, 1994.
Concerning The Scientific Study Of The Human Aura
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 1972.
Consciousness: A Psychological, Transpersonal
and Parapsychological Approach
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Presented at the Third International Symposium on Science and Consciousness in Ancient Olympia, 1993.
Cosmic Consciousness Experience and Psychedelic Experiences: A First Person Comparison
Author: Allan L. Smith, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1998.
Credit for Coining Terms [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Near-Death Studies, 2004.
Effects of Electrical Shielding on GESP Performance [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Published in the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, April 1988, volume 82, pp. 129-146., 1988.
Effects of electrical shielding on GESP performance
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1988.
Emergent Interactionist Understanding
of Human Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Brain/Mind and Parapsychology: Proceedings of an International Conference held in Montreal, Canada August 24-25, 1978 under the auspices of the Parapsychology Foundation, New York, NY., 1978.
Enlightenment and Spiritual Growth: Reflections from the Bottom Up [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Subtle Energies & Energy Medicine, 2003.
Experimenter Bias in Hypnotist Performance
Author: Suzanne A. Troffer, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Science Magazine, 1964.
Fears of the Paranormal in Ourselves
and Our Colleagues: Recognizing Them,
Dealing with Them
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Subtle Energies, 1995.
Further Psychophysiological Study of Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Gifted Subject, Robert A. Monroe
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Proceedings of the Parapsychological Association, 1969.
Future Psychology as a Science of Mind and Spirit: Reflections on Receiving the Abraham Maslow Award [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: THE HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGIST, 2005.
Game of Games: Transcending Our
Tribalism as a Step Toward World Peace
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Open Mind; Open Mind, Discriminating Mind: Reflections on Human Possibilities, 1989.
Geomagnetic effects on GESP: Two studies [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1988.
Grounding Your Headaches [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Bridges, Newsletter of the International Society for the Study of Energy and Energy Medicine, 2010.
Harmony, Self-Defense, and Subtle Energies: Aikido and the Concept of Ki
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Open Mind, 1986.
Help with Strange Experiences
Author: Judy Tart, Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 2000.
Helping to create transpersonal psychology: Thirty-five-plus years of dynamic interplay between more and less, expansion and fooling ourselves. [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Transpersonal Psychology Review, 4, No. 4, 6-25, 2000.
Human Aura: More Complex Than We Think
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies Online, 2001.
Hypnotic Suggestion as a Technique for the Control of Dreaming
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Paper, 1964.
Improving Psychokinesis Performance: Theoretical and Methodological Notes
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: European Journal of Parapsychology, 1983.
In Memory of My Friend Bob Monroe 1995
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1995.
Influence Of The Experimental Situation In Hypnosis And Dream Research: A Case Report1
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 1964.
Information Acquisition Rates
in Forced-Choice ESP
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1983.
Initial Application of Mindfulness
Extension Exercises in a Traditional
Buddhist Meditation Retreat Setting
Author: James Baraz, Charles T. Tart
Pub: unpublished, 1995.
Investigating Altered States of
Consciousness on Their Own Terms:
A Proposal for the Creation of State-Specific Sciences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the Brazilian Association for the Advancement of Science, 1998.
Marijuana Intoxication, Psi
and Spiritual Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1993.
Marijuana Intoxication: Common Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Nature, 1970.
Mathematical Inference Strategies versus Psi:
Initial Explorations with the Probabilistic
Predictor Program
Author: Charles T. Tart, Eugene Dronek
Pub: European Journal of Parapsychology, 1982.
Meditation: Some Kind of (Self-)Hypnosis? A Deeper Look [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Speech, 2001.
Mind Embodied! Computer-Generated Virtual
Reality as a New, Dualistic-Interactive Model
for Transpersonal Psychology
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Based on a speech given at the L.E. Rhine Centenary Conference on Cultivating Consciousness for Enhancing Human Potential, Wellness and Healing, Durham, North Carolina, November 9, 1991., 1991.
Mindfulness, Spiritual Seeking and Psychotherapy
Author: Charles T. Tart, Arthur J. Deikman
Pub: Mindfulness, spiritual seeking and psychotherapy. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 23, 29-52, 1991 (Tart, C. & Deikman, A.), 1991.
Mindfulness: A Course on Mindfulness I Teach at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2002.
Multiple Personality, Altered States and
Virtual Reality: The World Simulation Process Approach
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Dissociation, 1990.
Olympia Declaration
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: The Third International Symposium for Science and Consciousness, 1993.
On the Scientific Study of Other Worlds
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1987.
Parapsychology & Transpersonal Psychology: "Anomalies" to be Explained Away or Spirit to Manifest? [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Parapsychology, 2001.
Parapsychology: Brief bibliography.
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Parapsychology: Syllabus for a basic survey course at the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
2001.
Physiological Correlates of Psi Cognition
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Parapsychology, 1963.
Physiological Correlates of Psi Reception: Some Methodological Considerations
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Research in Parapsychology, 1982.
Psi Functioning and Altered States
of Consciousness: A Perspective
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Psi and States of Awareness, 1978.
Psychics' Fears of Psychic Powers
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1986.
Psychologist's Experience with Transcendental Meditation
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1972.
Psychophysiological Study of
Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Selected Subject
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1968.
Pure Clairvoyance and the Necessity of Feedback
Author: Russell Targ, Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1985.
Reflections on Enlightenment and Spiritual Growth: A Work in Progress to Elicit Feedback [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: "Toward A Science of Consciousness" conference, Tucson AZ 2004, 2004.
Reflections on On-Line Teaching: My First Course
Author: Charles T. Tart
1995.
Review of "Five Classic
Meditations" by Shinzen Young
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Noetic Sciences Review, 1990.
Review of "The Tibetan Book of Living and
Dying" by Sogyal Rinpoche 1992
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Noetic Sciences Review, 1992.
Science and the Sources of Value
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Phoenix: New Directions in the Study of Man, 1979.
Science versus Opinion on the Paranormal
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Second Psychophysiological Study of
Out-of-the-Body Experiences in a Selected Subject
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: International Journal of Parapsychology, 1967.
Sex, Drugs and Altered States of Consciousness
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Unpublished, 1978.
Six Studies of Out-of-the-Body Experiences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Near Death Studies, 1997.
Some Methodological Problems in OOBE Research
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1973.
Space, Time, and Mind
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Scarecrow Press, 1978.
Spam Exlusion List for my Email
Author: Charles T. Tart
2002.
Spiritual Motivations of Parapsychologists? Empirical Data [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Parapsychology, 2003.
State of the Art in
Transpersonal Psychology, 1996
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Presented as part of a panel discussion at the annual meeting of the Association for Transpersonal Psychology, Asilomar, 1996.
States of Consciousness and State-Specific Sciences
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Science, 1972.
Toward Conscious Control of Psi
Through Immediate Feedback Training:
Some Considerations of Internal Processes
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1977.
Transpersonal Potentialities Of Deep Hypnosis
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1970.
Transpersonal Psychology: Definition of
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of Consciousness Studies-Online, 1997.
Transpersonal Realities or Neurophysiological
Illusions: Toward an Empirically Testable Dualism
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Meeting of the American Psychological Association in Toronto, Canada, 1978.
Waking from sleep at a preselected time [PDF]
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Journal of the American Society for Psychosomatic Dentistry & Medicine, 1970.
Waking Up: Selections from the Book
Author: Charles T. Tart
Pub: Institute of Noetic Sciences, 1986.
Academy of Spirituality and Paranormal Studies, Inc.
http://www.aspsi.org/pubs/jsps_journal_index.php
Journal Index The Journal spans two eras. The first, under the title "The Journal of Religion and Psychical Research" (JRPR), belonged to a time when this organization was the academic affiliate of Spiritual Frontiers Fellowship, and was known as the Academy of Religion and Psychical Research (ARPR). The second era, under the title "Journal of Spirituality and Paranormal Studies" (JSPS), began as a result of the transition of ARPR to the Academy of Spirituality and Paranormal Studies, Inc. (ASPSI), as an independant organization. ASPSI's publications began in January 2006, but, to emphasise the continuity, the sequence of volume numbers was not broken.
(In the interest of accuracy, it should be noted that the first issue of JSPS, January 2006, wrongly appeared as an issue of ARPR. In fact it was the first issue of the ASPSI journal.)
JRPR Index - January 1979 through October 2005 This index can be accessed on the site of the Theosophical Society in Australia here. It continues into 2006 without acknowegment of the transition to ASPSI's journals, but this overlap may be disregarded in view of ASPSI's own indexing as provided below.
JSPS Index - January 2006 onwards For better viewing and printing, this index has been placed on a separate page.
JSPS Journal Index January 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGINS OF MANKIND: VIEWED FROM A SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVE
by Alfred D. Holcombe and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 2
PIERCING THE VEIL OF MAYA THE CREATOR OF ALL-PERVASIVE ILLUSION
by Brij Lal Shahi ........ 16
FURTHER THOUGHTS ON SUPER-ESP: A CONVERSATION
by Neal A. Grossman, Ph.D. ........ 19
THE POWER OF MUSIC
by Rev. Enola Pirog ........ 42
THE RESURRECTION AS GHOST STORY
by Robert Conner ........ 48
JOE A. NUZUM AND MY FATHER'S RING: PSYCHIC QUARTET: LINKAGE AND APPORTATION
by Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D ........ 52
REVIEWS
THE GOD CODE: The Secret of Our Past: The Promise of Our Future
by Gregg Braden Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 60
April 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
THE THOUGHT FIELD, THE THERMODYNAMICS OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY, AND
DECREASE OF ENTROPY
by Yi-Fang Chang ........ 62
FOUR EXPERIMENTAL SESSIONS WITH DR. SALWAT EL AMIN
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 69
AN INTERVIEW WITH JAMES H. HYSLOP, PH.D., LL.D.
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 71
JOE A. NUZUM AND DR. ALEXANDER V PYNTIKOV: PRESUMPTIVE MATTER-THROUGH-MATTER
EXPERIMENT
by Alexander V. Pyntikov, MD and Berthold E. Schwarz, MD ........ 77
OTHER SELVES, OTHER WORLDS: THE MEDIUMISTIC APPROACH TO MPD / PART ONE
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 84
RAMIFICATIONS OF THE BIBLICAL 3 TO 4 GENERATION RULE
by Alfred D. Holcombe and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 94
THE FATAL TRAP
by Geoffrey Read ........ 108
REVIEWS
IN SEARCH OF THE UNITIVE VISION: Letters of Sri Mahava Ashish to an American Businessman 1978-1997
compiled by Seymour B. Ginsburg Yvonne Limoges ...... 118
THE TRUTH ABOUT MEDIUM: Extraordinary Experiments with the
real Allison DuBois of NBC's Medium and other Remarkable Psychics
by Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. and William L. Simon Michael E. Tymn ...... 119
THE OCEAN OF WISDOM
compiled by Alan Jacobs Michael E. Tymn ...... 119
July 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
MYSTERY OF "CRUCIFIXION AND RESURRECTION OF LORD CHRIST" UNRAVELED
by Brij Lal Shahi ........ l23
A NEW ONTOLOGY
by Geoffrey Read ........ l25
CLUES TO THE NATURE OF THE AFTERLIFE FROM AFTER-DEATH COMMUNICATION
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 144
9-11 WARNING
by Fred Gurzi ........ l55
HEROES AND HIGHLIGHTS OF PSYCHICAL RESEARCH BEFORE 1882
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l57
PSYCHICAL RESEARCH TIMELINE, 1850-1882
by anon. ........ 168
"SPIRITUALITY LEGITIMIZED...ALMOST"
by Rev Karen E Herrick LCSW CADC ........ 170
REVIEWS
HEAVEN CONFIRMED
by Miles Edward Allen Michael E. Tymn ...... 178
LIFE AFTER DEATH - LIVING PROOF
by Tom Harrison Michael E. Tymn ...... 178
SECRETS OF SHAKTIPAT
by Ravindra Kumar, Ph.D. and Jytte Kumar Michael E. Tymn ...... 180
October 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
182 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
CHILDHOOD INFLUENCES THAT HEIGHTEN PSYCHIC POWERS
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 183
WE ARE ALL GODS IN THE MAKING
by Ravindra Kumar, Ph.D. ........ 193
JOE NUZUM'S LONG-DISTANCE PSI-PHYSICS EXPERIMENT AND PSYCHIC NEXUS
by Berthold E. Schwarz, MD ........ 202
A MONISTIC CRITIQUE OF SUSAN BLACKMORE'S DYING BRAIN
HYPOTHESIS ABOUT NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
by Charles Don Keyes, Ph.D. ........ 211
OAHSPE ANGELOLOGY
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 219
"SPIRITUALITY LEGITIMIZED...ALMOST"
by Rev. Karen E. Herrick LCSW CADC ........ 227
DOES SPIRITUALITY ENCOMPASS RELIGION?
by Coyd Walker ........ 237
REVIEWS
READER OF HEARTS: THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF A RELUCTANT PSYCHIC
by Darrin Owens Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 239
January 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ADVANCING OUR MISSION
by Arthur S. Berger JD ........ 3
IMPLICATIONS OF BIBLICAL CRITICISM FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH
by Louis Richard Batzler ........ 4
EVOLUTION OF THE SOUL
by Alfred D. and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 15
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH SIR WILLIAM BARRETT
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 25
MY LIFE WITH PARAPSYCHOLOGY: The Most Important Science
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 30
THE TEACHER OF RIGHTEOUSNESS
by William J. Tregaskis ........ 36
TREND OR TRENDY? THE DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PARANORMAL BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 41
REVIEWS
Autism and the God Connection
by William Stillman Naperville Susan Martinez ...... 58
Breaking The Spell: Religion As A Natural Phenomenon
by Daniel Dennett Viking Coyd Walker ...... 60
April 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ANCIENT VISIONS OF MODERN WISDOM
by John Jay Harper ........ 63
THE DOWNING OF PAN AM 103
by Fred Gurzi ........ 70
THE PRE-EXISTENCE OF THE SOUL: AN ARGUMENT FOR REINCARNATION
by Amber Snider ........ 77
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH SIR WILLIAM CROOKES
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 90
MOST EVERYONE CARES ABOUT ALTERNATIVE FUELS: WHO THE
BLEEP CARES ABOUT LIFE AFTER DEATH
by Daniel G. Winklosky ........ 86
REVIEWS
The Science Of Oneness - A World View For The Twenty-first Century
by Malcolm Hollick Yvonne Limoges ...... 109
True Tales Of Ghostly Encounters
by Andrew Honigman Susan Martinez ...... 110
The Left Hand Of God
by Michael Lerner Coyd Walker ...... 111
Turning Home. God Ghosts & Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Michael E. Tymn ...... 113
Inside Out
by Don Childers Michael E. Tymn ...... 116
Portals To Higher Consciousness: Exploring The Spiritual Domain
by Norman D. Livergood Richard Batzler ...... 117
The Holy Grail Mystery Solved; A Fully Illustrated Research Odyssey
by Frank C. Tribbe Susan Martinez ...... 117
Yoruba In Diaspora: An African Church In London
by Hermione Harris Susan Martinez ...... 119
July 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH DR. ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 122
MUGGLES, MATRIX AND SILMARIL: THE PRIDE OF
MODERN MYTHOLOGY
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 127
METHODS DESCRIBED ABOUT THE THOUGHT FIELD AND
FURTHER POSSIBLE TESTS
by Chang Yi-Fang ........ 157
CONFESSIONS OF A SPIRITUALIST
by Reverend Enola Pirog ........ 162
REVIEWS
Spirit Rescue, A Simple Guide to Talking with Ghosts and Freeing Earthbound Spirits
by Wilma Davidson Susan Martinez ...... 175
Standing In God's Light, In End Tunes
by Ann Druffel and Armand Marcotte Berthold E.Schwarz, M.D ...... 176
The Intention Experiment: Using Your Thoughts To
Change Your Life And Your World
by Lynne, McTaggart Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 177
Mental Power Is Real: How To Achieve Happiness, Fulfillment, Success
by The Amazing Kreskin Fitness Factors, LLC. Berthold E.Schwarz ...... 179
October 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
239 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
DR. MARVIN HERRING'S SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS AND PARANORMAL CARTOONS
by Dr. Marvin Herring ........ 183
CANDLES, INCENSE AND CONTACT WITH THE DEAD
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 197
INTERVIEWS WITH JUDGE JOHN W. EDMONDS AND DR. GEORGE T. DEXTER
WITH SIDEBARS OF FRANCIS BACON AND EDMUND SWEDENBORG
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 202
SPIRITS OF LIGHT AT THE PADRE PIO HEALING CENTER
by Stanley Krippner, Ph.D., and Hiram Yanez, M.D. ........ 223
REPORT ABOUT TELEPORTATION OF A LIVING PERSON
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 230
REVIEWS
Spirit Release: A Practical Handbook
by Sue Allen Susan Martinez ...... 232
What Goes On Beyond the Pearly Gates
by Madam Bostwick Michael E. Tymn ...... 233
The Barefoot Indian - The Making of a Messiahress
by Julia Heywood Yvonne Limoges ...... 234
The Psychic Life of Abraham Lincoln
by Susan Martinez Michael E. Tymn ...... 235
Love Lives On: Learning From The Extraordinary Encounters Of The Bereaved
by Louis LaGrand, Ph.D. Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 236
A Witch in the Family
by Stephen Hawley Martin Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 237
January 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ACCOUNTS OF AFTERLIFE FROM THE DEAD: HOW USEFUL ARE THEY FOR THE DYING?
by Stafford Betty ........ 6
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH FREDERIC W. H. MYERS
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 14
THE PSYCHICAL EXPERIENCE OF TIME DESCRIBED IN THE TIBETAN
BOOK OF THE DEAD: MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS AND
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 25
HOW PARAPSYCHOLOGY CAN BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE
by Milan Ryzi, Ph.D. ........ 39
DANNY, PLEASE CALL HOME
by Hal Jester, Ph.D. ........ 50
GARDNER MURRAY'S MUSHROOMS
by Hal Jester, Ph.D. ........ 52
MY NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
by Donald R. Morse, D.D.S.,Ph.D. ........ 53
REVIEWS
Reincarnation Cards - Awakening Far Memory
by John M. Knowles, M.A. and Linda LaBlanc Yvonne Limoges ...... 58
The Ark, the Shroud, and Mary
by Philip Gardiner Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 59
April 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF "BREATHARIANISM"
by Jon Klimo, Ph.D. ........ 63
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH DR. CHARLES RICHET
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 78
PERSONALITY PRIORITY PIE HELPS TO PREDICT SPIRITUAL GROWTH
FROM THE SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PRIORITY CRISES
by Cheryl Scheurich, Ph.D., LPC ........ 86
THE WORLD WITH ESP (A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE)
by Milan Ryzi, Ph.D. ........ 96
A TIME ODYSSEY: FROM ZARATHUSTRA TO THE NAZARENE
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 105
REVIEWS
Beyond Photography
by Katie Hall & John Pickering Glenda Hawley, Ph.D., MSW ...... 113
The Care And Feeding of the Spirit and Other Selected Essays
by Harold D. Jester Yvonne Limoges ...... 114
Ancient Oracles, Their Mysteries Teach the Modern World
by Milan Ryzl and Lubor Kysucan Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 116
The Big Book of Near-Death Experiences: The Ultimate Guide to What Happens When We Die
by P.M.H. Atwater Donald R. Morse, D.D.S., Ph.D. ...... 117
Practicing Conscious Living and Dying: Stories of the Eternal Continuum of Connsciousness
by Annamaria Hemingway Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 119
July 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
THE NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE AND BIOPHYSICS
by Rich Borutta ........ 124
AWESOME PHENOMENA AT THE SATURDAY NIGHT CLUB
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l29
THE MUSIC OF ROSEMARY BROWN FROM A PIANIST'S PERSPECTIVE
by Elene Gusch, B. Mus., DOM ........ 138
THE FAKE DEBATE
by John M. Knowles. M.A. ........ 146
THE EASTER MYSTERY SOLVED
by John White ........ 149
OVER A CENTURY OF RESEARCH ON AFTER DEATH COMMUNICATION
by Sylvia Hart Wright, M.S. M.A. ........ 154
TIME TO FORMULATE THE LAWS AND HYPOTHESES OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel E Kelleher, M.D. ........ 167
REVIEWS
Turning Home. God, Ghosts and Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Susan Martinez ...... 179
October 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
opposite 183 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
REPORT ABOUT EXPERIMENTAL SESSION WITH DR. SAFWAT EL AMIN
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 184
DISCOVERING THE HYPOTHESES OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 186
EVOLUTION, A THEORY THAT SHOOK THE WORLD
by Gordon Ray ........ 196
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH PROFESSOR ROBERT HARE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 205
EARLY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE MYSTERY OF LEVITATION
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 216
REVIEWS
Turning Home. God, Ghosts and Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Woonsocket Susan Martinez ...... 232
Array Of Hope: An Afterlife Journal
by Lynda Lee Macken Michael E. Tymn ...... 233
The Great Adventure: A Handbook For Living
told through Alice Neihardt Thompson Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ...... 234
Portrait Of Jesus? The Shroud Of Turin In Science And History
by Frank Tribbe Glenda Hawley, Ph.D., MSW ...... 235
QUA OMSA LA'IUVANN: The Meditative Power of Symbolism, Dissonance Resolution Meditation
by Marshall F. Gilula, M. D. Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ...... 237
January 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
3 LETTER TO THE EDITOR
ARTICLES
APPLYING THE SCIENCE OF THE AFTERLIFE
by R. Craig Hogan ........ 6
THE SPIRITUAL WALK
by Walter R. Long, M.A, H.M.T. ........ 24
THE GOD CONFUSION
by Howard Jones, Ph.D. ........ 28
CUMULATIVE TESTIMONY FOR THE ECTOPLASM
AND MATERIALIZATION ENIGMA
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 36
REVIEWS
Suicide: What Really Happens In The Afterlife?
by Pamela Rae Heath and Jon Klimo Michael. E. Tymn ...... 57
How To Be One With God
by Ravindra Kumar Richard Batzler ...... 58
April 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
AN “INTERVIEW” WITH VICE-ADMIRAL W. USBORNE MOORE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 63
CONNECTING COINCIDENCES
by Arthur S. Berger, JD ........ 73
DISCOVERING THE LAWS OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 76
AN “INTERVIEW” WITH THE REV. WILLIAM STAINTON MOSES
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 89
A CASE OF POSSESSION
by Elene Gusch, DOM ........ 102
REVIEWS
The Gold Leaf Lady and Other Parapsychological Investigations
by Stephen E. Braude Coyd Walker ...... 114
The Articulate Dead
by Michael E. Tymn Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 115
To Die For (The Physical Reality of Conscious Survival)
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 118
Young at 100: Successful Longevity Strategies
by Donald R. Morse, DDS, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 120
July 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
HISTORY OF THE DOVES OF PEACE
by Bernhardine K. Harvey Gaby ........ 123
THE GEOMETRY OF PRECOGNITION
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. ........ 125
SPIRITUAL VERSES
by John Cort ........ 139
THE MYSTERIOUS DR. PHINUIT
by Michael E.Tymn ........ 142
SYNCHRONICITY, A WINDOW INTO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN
by The Reverend Michael Cocks ........ 155
EXPERIENCING THE ONE UNIVERSAL INTELLIGENCE IS
A PROCESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATTAINABLE THROUGH
MORPHIC FIELDS THAT GUIDE EVOLUTION
by Cherie Scheurich, Ph.D., LPC ........ 154
REVIEWS
The Thoughtful Guide to God
by Howard Jones, Ph.D. Michael E.Tymn ...... 178
October 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
opposite 235 MEET OUR WRITERS
240 INDEX
ARTICLES
A MYSPHYT REVOLUTION: THE LOGICAL NATURE OF
SPIRITUAL ENLIGHTENMENT
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 184
PARANORMAL PHENOMENA, PHYSICS AND DIRAC ENERGY
by Rich Borutta ........ 192
A PSI AMULET: JOE A. NUZUM’S PRESUMPTIVE PSI ROTATION OF
THE SURFACE MARKINGS OF A JFK FIFTY-CENT COIN
by Berthold E. Schwarz, MD. ........ 201
THOUGHTS ON THE EMPTY TOMB
by Harold D. Jester ........ 207
SCHOOL SHOOTINGS AND THE PARANORMAL CASE
STUDY: CHO, THE QUESTION MARK KID
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 211
WHEN TWO WORLDS MERGE
by Arthur S. Berger, JD. ........ 220
REVIEWS
The Elder Brother
by Bernadine K. Harvey L. Richard Batzler ...... 236
The Jesus Papers: Exposing The Greatest Cover-Up In History
by Michael Baigent Glenda Hawley, MSW, Ph.D. ...... 237
January 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
JOE A. NUZUM'S TRILOGY WITH SEAMLESS STERLING
SILVER RINGS: PRESUMED PSI FISSION, FUSION AND LINKAGE
by Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ........ 4
ON THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF ESP AND TELEPATHY
by David Brownstein ........ 14
THE RE-EDUCATION OF BENNIE JUNOT
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 25
THE PROBABILITY LAWS OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. ........ 35
REPORT ABOUT A PILOT SESSION WITH JOE A. NUZUM
by Beverly Rubik and Alexander Imich, Ph.D. ........ 48
REVIEWS
The Case Against Reincarnation: A Rational Approach
by James Webster Susan Martinez ...... 50
Nature's Iq: Extraordinary Animal Behavior That Defies Evolution
by Balazs Hornyanszky and Istvan Tasi Susan Martinez ...... 52
Immortal Longings
by Trevor Hamilton Michael E. Tymn ...... 53
A Study In Survival: Conan Doyle Solvess The Final Problem
by Roger Straughan Michael E. Tymn ...... 56
The Hidden Prophet
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 58
April 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
SCIENTIST, 107, EMBRACES DEATH
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 62
ABBA (THE FATHER, GOD). HIS SPIRITUAL AND REAL WORLDS
by Kazufumi Ariyoshi ........ 64
AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. WILLIAM J. CRAWFORD
CONCERNING THE MEDIUMSHIP OF KATHLEEN GOLIGHER
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 83
EARLY AMERICAN SPIRITUALISM LITERATURE ONLINE
by Carlos S. Alvarado. Ph.D. ........ 94
CAN AN ORDINARY PERSON BE TRAINED TO USE THE PSYCHIC SENSES?
by Robert G. Howard. Ph.D. ........ 101
A THERAPIST'S SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE
by Rev. Karen E. Herrick, Ph.D., LCSW, LMSW, CADC ........ 111
REVIEWS
The Tujunga Canyon Contacts
by Ann Druffel and D. Scott Rogo Berthold E. Schwarz. M.D. ...... 118
Ascension Journey: A Handbook For Healing Through The Dimension
by Judith Marie McLean. Ph.D. L. Richard Batzler ...... 120
July 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
REVISITING SURVIVAL 37 YEARS LATER. IS THE DATA STILL COMPELLING?
by Professor Vernon M. Neppe, MD, PhD (Med) ........ 123
AN INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR WILLIAM JAMES ON
THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l47
THE DOWNSIDE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 154
THE ULTIMATE GROUND OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY
by Robert G. Howard, PhD. ........ 161
SPIRITUAL SYNCHRONISTIC EXPERIENCE PROJECT
by Arthur S. Berger, JD. ........ 170
REVIEWS
The Ghost Chronicles
by Maureen Wood & Ron Kolek Susan B. Martinez, PhD. ...... 174
Voices From Forever
by Randall Keller Diane Carliner ...... l75
The Risen
by August Goforth and Timothy Gray Michael E. Tymn ...... 177
(In the interest of accuracy, it should be noted that the first issue of JSPS, January 2006, wrongly appeared as an issue of ARPR. In fact it was the first issue of the ASPSI journal.)
JRPR Index - January 1979 through October 2005 This index can be accessed on the site of the Theosophical Society in Australia here. It continues into 2006 without acknowegment of the transition to ASPSI's journals, but this overlap may be disregarded in view of ASPSI's own indexing as provided below.
JSPS Index - January 2006 onwards For better viewing and printing, this index has been placed on a separate page.
JSPS Journal Index January 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
BIBLICAL ACCOUNT OF THE ORIGINS OF MANKIND: VIEWED FROM A SPIRITUAL PERSPECTIVE
by Alfred D. Holcombe and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 2
PIERCING THE VEIL OF MAYA THE CREATOR OF ALL-PERVASIVE ILLUSION
by Brij Lal Shahi ........ 16
FURTHER THOUGHTS ON SUPER-ESP: A CONVERSATION
by Neal A. Grossman, Ph.D. ........ 19
THE POWER OF MUSIC
by Rev. Enola Pirog ........ 42
THE RESURRECTION AS GHOST STORY
by Robert Conner ........ 48
JOE A. NUZUM AND MY FATHER'S RING: PSYCHIC QUARTET: LINKAGE AND APPORTATION
by Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D ........ 52
REVIEWS
THE GOD CODE: The Secret of Our Past: The Promise of Our Future
by Gregg Braden Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 60
April 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
THE THOUGHT FIELD, THE THERMODYNAMICS OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY, AND
DECREASE OF ENTROPY
by Yi-Fang Chang ........ 62
FOUR EXPERIMENTAL SESSIONS WITH DR. SALWAT EL AMIN
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 69
AN INTERVIEW WITH JAMES H. HYSLOP, PH.D., LL.D.
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 71
JOE A. NUZUM AND DR. ALEXANDER V PYNTIKOV: PRESUMPTIVE MATTER-THROUGH-MATTER
EXPERIMENT
by Alexander V. Pyntikov, MD and Berthold E. Schwarz, MD ........ 77
OTHER SELVES, OTHER WORLDS: THE MEDIUMISTIC APPROACH TO MPD / PART ONE
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 84
RAMIFICATIONS OF THE BIBLICAL 3 TO 4 GENERATION RULE
by Alfred D. Holcombe and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 94
THE FATAL TRAP
by Geoffrey Read ........ 108
REVIEWS
IN SEARCH OF THE UNITIVE VISION: Letters of Sri Mahava Ashish to an American Businessman 1978-1997
compiled by Seymour B. Ginsburg Yvonne Limoges ...... 118
THE TRUTH ABOUT MEDIUM: Extraordinary Experiments with the
real Allison DuBois of NBC's Medium and other Remarkable Psychics
by Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. and William L. Simon Michael E. Tymn ...... 119
THE OCEAN OF WISDOM
compiled by Alan Jacobs Michael E. Tymn ...... 119
July 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
MYSTERY OF "CRUCIFIXION AND RESURRECTION OF LORD CHRIST" UNRAVELED
by Brij Lal Shahi ........ l23
A NEW ONTOLOGY
by Geoffrey Read ........ l25
CLUES TO THE NATURE OF THE AFTERLIFE FROM AFTER-DEATH COMMUNICATION
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 144
9-11 WARNING
by Fred Gurzi ........ l55
HEROES AND HIGHLIGHTS OF PSYCHICAL RESEARCH BEFORE 1882
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l57
PSYCHICAL RESEARCH TIMELINE, 1850-1882
by anon. ........ 168
"SPIRITUALITY LEGITIMIZED...ALMOST"
by Rev Karen E Herrick LCSW CADC ........ 170
REVIEWS
HEAVEN CONFIRMED
by Miles Edward Allen Michael E. Tymn ...... 178
LIFE AFTER DEATH - LIVING PROOF
by Tom Harrison Michael E. Tymn ...... 178
SECRETS OF SHAKTIPAT
by Ravindra Kumar, Ph.D. and Jytte Kumar Michael E. Tymn ...... 180
October 2006 JSPS - Volume 29, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
182 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
CHILDHOOD INFLUENCES THAT HEIGHTEN PSYCHIC POWERS
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 183
WE ARE ALL GODS IN THE MAKING
by Ravindra Kumar, Ph.D. ........ 193
JOE NUZUM'S LONG-DISTANCE PSI-PHYSICS EXPERIMENT AND PSYCHIC NEXUS
by Berthold E. Schwarz, MD ........ 202
A MONISTIC CRITIQUE OF SUSAN BLACKMORE'S DYING BRAIN
HYPOTHESIS ABOUT NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
by Charles Don Keyes, Ph.D. ........ 211
OAHSPE ANGELOLOGY
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 219
"SPIRITUALITY LEGITIMIZED...ALMOST"
by Rev. Karen E. Herrick LCSW CADC ........ 227
DOES SPIRITUALITY ENCOMPASS RELIGION?
by Coyd Walker ........ 237
REVIEWS
READER OF HEARTS: THE LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF A RELUCTANT PSYCHIC
by Darrin Owens Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 239
January 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ADVANCING OUR MISSION
by Arthur S. Berger JD ........ 3
IMPLICATIONS OF BIBLICAL CRITICISM FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH
by Louis Richard Batzler ........ 4
EVOLUTION OF THE SOUL
by Alfred D. and Suzanne Holcombe ........ 15
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH SIR WILLIAM BARRETT
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 25
MY LIFE WITH PARAPSYCHOLOGY: The Most Important Science
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 30
THE TEACHER OF RIGHTEOUSNESS
by William J. Tregaskis ........ 36
TREND OR TRENDY? THE DEVELOPMENT AND ACCEPTANCE OF THE
PARANORMAL BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 41
REVIEWS
Autism and the God Connection
by William Stillman Naperville Susan Martinez ...... 58
Breaking The Spell: Religion As A Natural Phenomenon
by Daniel Dennett Viking Coyd Walker ...... 60
April 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ANCIENT VISIONS OF MODERN WISDOM
by John Jay Harper ........ 63
THE DOWNING OF PAN AM 103
by Fred Gurzi ........ 70
THE PRE-EXISTENCE OF THE SOUL: AN ARGUMENT FOR REINCARNATION
by Amber Snider ........ 77
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH SIR WILLIAM CROOKES
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 90
MOST EVERYONE CARES ABOUT ALTERNATIVE FUELS: WHO THE
BLEEP CARES ABOUT LIFE AFTER DEATH
by Daniel G. Winklosky ........ 86
REVIEWS
The Science Of Oneness - A World View For The Twenty-first Century
by Malcolm Hollick Yvonne Limoges ...... 109
True Tales Of Ghostly Encounters
by Andrew Honigman Susan Martinez ...... 110
The Left Hand Of God
by Michael Lerner Coyd Walker ...... 111
Turning Home. God Ghosts & Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Michael E. Tymn ...... 113
Inside Out
by Don Childers Michael E. Tymn ...... 116
Portals To Higher Consciousness: Exploring The Spiritual Domain
by Norman D. Livergood Richard Batzler ...... 117
The Holy Grail Mystery Solved; A Fully Illustrated Research Odyssey
by Frank C. Tribbe Susan Martinez ...... 117
Yoruba In Diaspora: An African Church In London
by Hermione Harris Susan Martinez ...... 119
July 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH DR. ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 122
MUGGLES, MATRIX AND SILMARIL: THE PRIDE OF
MODERN MYTHOLOGY
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 127
METHODS DESCRIBED ABOUT THE THOUGHT FIELD AND
FURTHER POSSIBLE TESTS
by Chang Yi-Fang ........ 157
CONFESSIONS OF A SPIRITUALIST
by Reverend Enola Pirog ........ 162
REVIEWS
Spirit Rescue, A Simple Guide to Talking with Ghosts and Freeing Earthbound Spirits
by Wilma Davidson Susan Martinez ...... 175
Standing In God's Light, In End Tunes
by Ann Druffel and Armand Marcotte Berthold E.Schwarz, M.D ...... 176
The Intention Experiment: Using Your Thoughts To
Change Your Life And Your World
by Lynne, McTaggart Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 177
Mental Power Is Real: How To Achieve Happiness, Fulfillment, Success
by The Amazing Kreskin Fitness Factors, LLC. Berthold E.Schwarz ...... 179
October 2007 JSPS - Volume 30, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
239 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
DR. MARVIN HERRING'S SPIRITUAL, RELIGIOUS AND PARANORMAL CARTOONS
by Dr. Marvin Herring ........ 183
CANDLES, INCENSE AND CONTACT WITH THE DEAD
by Sylvia Hart Wright ........ 197
INTERVIEWS WITH JUDGE JOHN W. EDMONDS AND DR. GEORGE T. DEXTER
WITH SIDEBARS OF FRANCIS BACON AND EDMUND SWEDENBORG
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 202
SPIRITS OF LIGHT AT THE PADRE PIO HEALING CENTER
by Stanley Krippner, Ph.D., and Hiram Yanez, M.D. ........ 223
REPORT ABOUT TELEPORTATION OF A LIVING PERSON
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 230
REVIEWS
Spirit Release: A Practical Handbook
by Sue Allen Susan Martinez ...... 232
What Goes On Beyond the Pearly Gates
by Madam Bostwick Michael E. Tymn ...... 233
The Barefoot Indian - The Making of a Messiahress
by Julia Heywood Yvonne Limoges ...... 234
The Psychic Life of Abraham Lincoln
by Susan Martinez Michael E. Tymn ...... 235
Love Lives On: Learning From The Extraordinary Encounters Of The Bereaved
by Louis LaGrand, Ph.D. Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 236
A Witch in the Family
by Stephen Hawley Martin Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 237
January 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
ACCOUNTS OF AFTERLIFE FROM THE DEAD: HOW USEFUL ARE THEY FOR THE DYING?
by Stafford Betty ........ 6
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH FREDERIC W. H. MYERS
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 14
THE PSYCHICAL EXPERIENCE OF TIME DESCRIBED IN THE TIBETAN
BOOK OF THE DEAD: MATHEMATICAL DEFINITIONS AND
PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 25
HOW PARAPSYCHOLOGY CAN BRIDGE THE GAP BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE
by Milan Ryzi, Ph.D. ........ 39
DANNY, PLEASE CALL HOME
by Hal Jester, Ph.D. ........ 50
GARDNER MURRAY'S MUSHROOMS
by Hal Jester, Ph.D. ........ 52
MY NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCE
by Donald R. Morse, D.D.S.,Ph.D. ........ 53
REVIEWS
Reincarnation Cards - Awakening Far Memory
by John M. Knowles, M.A. and Linda LaBlanc Yvonne Limoges ...... 58
The Ark, the Shroud, and Mary
by Philip Gardiner Glenda Hawley, Ph.D. ...... 59
April 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
TOWARD AN UNDERSTANDING OF "BREATHARIANISM"
by Jon Klimo, Ph.D. ........ 63
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH DR. CHARLES RICHET
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 78
PERSONALITY PRIORITY PIE HELPS TO PREDICT SPIRITUAL GROWTH
FROM THE SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH PRIORITY CRISES
by Cheryl Scheurich, Ph.D., LPC ........ 86
THE WORLD WITH ESP (A LOOK INTO THE FUTURE)
by Milan Ryzi, Ph.D. ........ 96
A TIME ODYSSEY: FROM ZARATHUSTRA TO THE NAZARENE
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 105
REVIEWS
Beyond Photography
by Katie Hall & John Pickering Glenda Hawley, Ph.D., MSW ...... 113
The Care And Feeding of the Spirit and Other Selected Essays
by Harold D. Jester Yvonne Limoges ...... 114
Ancient Oracles, Their Mysteries Teach the Modern World
by Milan Ryzl and Lubor Kysucan Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 116
The Big Book of Near-Death Experiences: The Ultimate Guide to What Happens When We Die
by P.M.H. Atwater Donald R. Morse, D.D.S., Ph.D. ...... 117
Practicing Conscious Living and Dying: Stories of the Eternal Continuum of Connsciousness
by Annamaria Hemingway Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 119
July 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
THE NEAR DEATH EXPERIENCE AND BIOPHYSICS
by Rich Borutta ........ 124
AWESOME PHENOMENA AT THE SATURDAY NIGHT CLUB
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l29
THE MUSIC OF ROSEMARY BROWN FROM A PIANIST'S PERSPECTIVE
by Elene Gusch, B. Mus., DOM ........ 138
THE FAKE DEBATE
by John M. Knowles. M.A. ........ 146
THE EASTER MYSTERY SOLVED
by John White ........ 149
OVER A CENTURY OF RESEARCH ON AFTER DEATH COMMUNICATION
by Sylvia Hart Wright, M.S. M.A. ........ 154
TIME TO FORMULATE THE LAWS AND HYPOTHESES OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel E Kelleher, M.D. ........ 167
REVIEWS
Turning Home. God, Ghosts and Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Susan Martinez ...... 179
October 2008 JSPS - Volume 31, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
opposite 183 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
REPORT ABOUT EXPERIMENTAL SESSION WITH DR. SAFWAT EL AMIN
by Alex Imich, Ph.D. ........ 184
DISCOVERING THE HYPOTHESES OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 186
EVOLUTION, A THEORY THAT SHOOK THE WORLD
by Gordon Ray ........ 196
AN "INTERVIEW" WITH PROFESSOR ROBERT HARE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 205
EARLY INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE MYSTERY OF LEVITATION
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 216
REVIEWS
Turning Home. God, Ghosts and Human Destiny
by Paul F. Eno Woonsocket Susan Martinez ...... 232
Array Of Hope: An Afterlife Journal
by Lynda Lee Macken Michael E. Tymn ...... 233
The Great Adventure: A Handbook For Living
told through Alice Neihardt Thompson Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ...... 234
Portrait Of Jesus? The Shroud Of Turin In Science And History
by Frank Tribbe Glenda Hawley, Ph.D., MSW ...... 235
QUA OMSA LA'IUVANN: The Meditative Power of Symbolism, Dissonance Resolution Meditation
by Marshall F. Gilula, M. D. Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ...... 237
January 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
3 LETTER TO THE EDITOR
ARTICLES
APPLYING THE SCIENCE OF THE AFTERLIFE
by R. Craig Hogan ........ 6
THE SPIRITUAL WALK
by Walter R. Long, M.A, H.M.T. ........ 24
THE GOD CONFUSION
by Howard Jones, Ph.D. ........ 28
CUMULATIVE TESTIMONY FOR THE ECTOPLASM
AND MATERIALIZATION ENIGMA
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 36
REVIEWS
Suicide: What Really Happens In The Afterlife?
by Pamela Rae Heath and Jon Klimo Michael. E. Tymn ...... 57
How To Be One With God
by Ravindra Kumar Richard Batzler ...... 58
April 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
AN “INTERVIEW” WITH VICE-ADMIRAL W. USBORNE MOORE
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 63
CONNECTING COINCIDENCES
by Arthur S. Berger, JD ........ 73
DISCOVERING THE LAWS OF PSYCHIC SCIENCE
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. and Daniel R. Kelleher, M.D. ........ 76
AN “INTERVIEW” WITH THE REV. WILLIAM STAINTON MOSES
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 89
A CASE OF POSSESSION
by Elene Gusch, DOM ........ 102
REVIEWS
The Gold Leaf Lady and Other Parapsychological Investigations
by Stephen E. Braude Coyd Walker ...... 114
The Articulate Dead
by Michael E. Tymn Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ...... 115
To Die For (The Physical Reality of Conscious Survival)
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 118
Young at 100: Successful Longevity Strategies
by Donald R. Morse, DDS, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 120
July 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
HISTORY OF THE DOVES OF PEACE
by Bernhardine K. Harvey Gaby ........ 123
THE GEOMETRY OF PRECOGNITION
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. ........ 125
SPIRITUAL VERSES
by John Cort ........ 139
THE MYSTERIOUS DR. PHINUIT
by Michael E.Tymn ........ 142
SYNCHRONICITY, A WINDOW INTO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN
by The Reverend Michael Cocks ........ 155
EXPERIENCING THE ONE UNIVERSAL INTELLIGENCE IS
A PROCESS OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATTAINABLE THROUGH
MORPHIC FIELDS THAT GUIDE EVOLUTION
by Cherie Scheurich, Ph.D., LPC ........ 154
REVIEWS
The Thoughtful Guide to God
by Howard Jones, Ph.D. Michael E.Tymn ...... 178
October 2009 JSPS - Volume 32, Number 4 181 EDITORIAL
opposite 235 MEET OUR WRITERS
240 INDEX
ARTICLES
A MYSPHYT REVOLUTION: THE LOGICAL NATURE OF
SPIRITUAL ENLIGHTENMENT
by James E. Beichler, Ph.D. ........ 184
PARANORMAL PHENOMENA, PHYSICS AND DIRAC ENERGY
by Rich Borutta ........ 192
A PSI AMULET: JOE A. NUZUM’S PRESUMPTIVE PSI ROTATION OF
THE SURFACE MARKINGS OF A JFK FIFTY-CENT COIN
by Berthold E. Schwarz, MD. ........ 201
THOUGHTS ON THE EMPTY TOMB
by Harold D. Jester ........ 207
SCHOOL SHOOTINGS AND THE PARANORMAL CASE
STUDY: CHO, THE QUESTION MARK KID
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. ........ 211
WHEN TWO WORLDS MERGE
by Arthur S. Berger, JD. ........ 220
REVIEWS
The Elder Brother
by Bernadine K. Harvey L. Richard Batzler ...... 236
The Jesus Papers: Exposing The Greatest Cover-Up In History
by Michael Baigent Glenda Hawley, MSW, Ph.D. ...... 237
January 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 1 1 EDITORIAL
opposite 1 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
JOE A. NUZUM'S TRILOGY WITH SEAMLESS STERLING
SILVER RINGS: PRESUMED PSI FISSION, FUSION AND LINKAGE
by Berthold E. Schwarz, M.D. ........ 4
ON THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF ESP AND TELEPATHY
by David Brownstein ........ 14
THE RE-EDUCATION OF BENNIE JUNOT
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 25
THE PROBABILITY LAWS OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY
by Robert G. Howard, Ph.D. ........ 35
REPORT ABOUT A PILOT SESSION WITH JOE A. NUZUM
by Beverly Rubik and Alexander Imich, Ph.D. ........ 48
REVIEWS
The Case Against Reincarnation: A Rational Approach
by James Webster Susan Martinez ...... 50
Nature's Iq: Extraordinary Animal Behavior That Defies Evolution
by Balazs Hornyanszky and Istvan Tasi Susan Martinez ...... 52
Immortal Longings
by Trevor Hamilton Michael E. Tymn ...... 53
A Study In Survival: Conan Doyle Solvess The Final Problem
by Roger Straughan Michael E. Tymn ...... 56
The Hidden Prophet
by Susan B. Martinez, Ph.D. Michael E. Tymn ...... 58
April 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 2 61 EDITORIAL
opposite 61 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
SCIENTIST, 107, EMBRACES DEATH
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 62
ABBA (THE FATHER, GOD). HIS SPIRITUAL AND REAL WORLDS
by Kazufumi Ariyoshi ........ 64
AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. WILLIAM J. CRAWFORD
CONCERNING THE MEDIUMSHIP OF KATHLEEN GOLIGHER
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 83
EARLY AMERICAN SPIRITUALISM LITERATURE ONLINE
by Carlos S. Alvarado. Ph.D. ........ 94
CAN AN ORDINARY PERSON BE TRAINED TO USE THE PSYCHIC SENSES?
by Robert G. Howard. Ph.D. ........ 101
A THERAPIST'S SPIRITUAL EXPERIENCE
by Rev. Karen E. Herrick, Ph.D., LCSW, LMSW, CADC ........ 111
REVIEWS
The Tujunga Canyon Contacts
by Ann Druffel and D. Scott Rogo Berthold E. Schwarz. M.D. ...... 118
Ascension Journey: A Handbook For Healing Through The Dimension
by Judith Marie McLean. Ph.D. L. Richard Batzler ...... 120
July 2010 JSPS - Volume 33, Number 3 121 EDITORIAL
opposite 121 MEET OUR WRITERS
ARTICLES
REVISITING SURVIVAL 37 YEARS LATER. IS THE DATA STILL COMPELLING?
by Professor Vernon M. Neppe, MD, PhD (Med) ........ 123
AN INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR WILLIAM JAMES ON
THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS DEATH
by Michael E. Tymn ........ l47
THE DOWNSIDE OF SCIENCE EDUCATION
by Michael E. Tymn ........ 154
THE ULTIMATE GROUND OF PARAPSYCHOLOGY
by Robert G. Howard, PhD. ........ 161
SPIRITUAL SYNCHRONISTIC EXPERIENCE PROJECT
by Arthur S. Berger, JD. ........ 170
REVIEWS
The Ghost Chronicles
by Maureen Wood & Ron Kolek Susan B. Martinez, PhD. ...... 174
Voices From Forever
by Randall Keller Diane Carliner ...... l75
The Risen
by August Goforth and Timothy Gray Michael E. Tymn ...... 177